Zinc chloride (Zinc chloride, Zinc dichloride, Soldering acid)- Chemically mixed with zinc and chlorine.
Physico-chemical power.
Formula ZnCl 2. White powder. Thickness 2.91 g/cm3. Melting temperature – 318°C. The melting preparation is Prozora Porcelain Masa. The boiling temperature is set to 732°C. At 650÷700°C, a thick white smoke of ZnCl 2 is created, which boils. Extremely hygroscopic, vologi, passed over ZnCl 2 with only 0.98 mg/l H 2 O. In the temperature range of 12.5÷26°C you can see the hydrate ZnCl 2 × 1.5H 2 O at a melting point nya 26° C, which dissolves very well in water, ethanol, glycerin.
| Rozchinnik | Temperature, °C | Rozchinnist, g/100g of rozchinnik |
| Ethanol | 12,5 | 100 |
| Sulfur dioxide | 0 | 0,160 |
| Glycerin | 15,3 | 49,9 |
| Rare ammonia | Chi is not a big deal | |
| Dietyl ether | Dobre rozchinniy | |
| Peridin | 0 | 1,6 |
| 20 | 2,6 | |
| 105 | 19,4 | |
| Acetone | 18 | 43,5 |
| Water | 0 | 208 |
| 10 | 272 | |
| 20 | 367 | |
| 25 | 408 | |
| 30 | 435 | |
| 40 | 453 | |
| 50 | 471 | |
| 60 | 495 | |
| 80 | 549 | |
| 100 | 614 |
Zastosuvannya.
Zinc chloride (zinc chloride) congeal:
- as a drying sasib;
- at the same time for vognezakhistu (flammable foam, percolation to cardboard and fabric);
- for antiseptic seepage of wood, sleepers;
- in viral fibers;
- in the chemical industry when extracting vanillin and zinc cyanide;
- in technological processes of the production of barnberries and farmhouses;
- the naphtha industry is about to clear the naphtha;
- in metallurgy in the production of metals such as aluminum, in soldering processes, in the preparation of metals before galvanizing and chrome plating;
- galvanic batteries have other purposes.
Activated vugilla is a product of heat treatment of carbonaceous wood (wood, peat, vugilla stone), which has a porous structure and a large surface area. Vikorist is used to purify gases in every home.
The use of zinc chloride in the technology for the production of active vugill allows the production of active vugill with high technical performance.
For example, for activated vugilla from birch thyrsus, treatment with zinc chloride allows you to increase the feedable surface 20 times from 50 m 2 /g to 1000 m 2 /g leveled with uninoculated activated vugill.
The technology for the extraction of activated coal from stagnant zinc chloride for birch thyrsus 5 mm in size is developed in three stages.
1. The output material is leaked onto the cob with water containing zinc chloride (per 1 kg of thyrsium 0.5 kg of zinc chloride). Then drying is carried out for 50-70 years at a temperature of 102-105 °C. Drying is carried out until the moisture content of the material decreases.
2. Thermal treatment (carbonization) is carried out in a horizontal flow reactor in argon at 25–800 °C with a heating speed of 10 °C/heating temperature at an end temperature of 30 °C. with a horizontal flow reactor near an argon stream
3. Rinse the products with water for 1.5 years at a temperature of 60 degrees C until neutral.
This product has a pore size of 0.5-3 microns and a fibrous texture. Pitoma surface 1000 m2/r.
Electrolytic zinc-cobalt coatings replace cadmium coatings in vessels. These coatings have high corrosion resistance in marine atmospheres, but are superior to cadmium coatings - cheaper and less toxic.
The application of zinc-cobalt coating was based on the electrolyte of the attack warehouse (g/l):
Zinc chloride (for metal transfer) 30-40;
Cobalt (II) chloride (for metal transfer) 10-20;
Ammonium chloride 20-260;
Boric acid 20-30;
Brush glue 2-3.
Preparation of the electrolyte for electrodeposition of zinc-cobalt alloy to replace the toxic electrolyte with cadmium oxide will proceed as soon as possible:
1) Disintegrate the acidity of ammonium chloride and introduce it into a galvanic bath;
2) Dispense zinc chloride in a container and introduce ammonium chloride;
3) Disintegrate cobalt chloride and introduce ammonium chloride;
4) Introduce a solution of boric acid into the electrolyte, which is first dissolved in hot water.
The electrolyte must be washed with a stretcher to create complexes of zinc and cobalt. The electrolyte is filtered, the pH of the electrolyte is adjusted to the required value, and the water is drained at a thickness of 0.5-0.7 A/dm 2 for 2-3 years. Then add the additive TsKN-3 or glue. The glue must first be soaked in warm water (t=40-45 °C). After introducing glue or adding electrolyte, it is necessary to process it in operating mode for 1 year until the required thickness is covered.
The adjustment of the electrolyte is carried out based on the data of chemical analysis of zinc and cobalt. Add a complex mixture of zinc and cobalt to the electrolyte. Addition of glue or TsKN-3 is carried out on a strict basis. The pH of the electrolyte is adjusted by adding ammonium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid (1:2).
Preparation of laboratory samples for zinc-cobalt coating:
1) The glass under the coating is subjected to defatting in the right medium;
2) Wash the glass in distilled water at a temperature of 298K;
3) Etching of the stain is carried out in the presence of acids, which are stored in the base material. For each copper sample, etching is carried out in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. For steel bases, etching is carried out with hydrochloric acid;
4) Wash the glass in distilled water at a temperature of 298K.
In case of corrosion, zinc chloride should be cured as a flux when soldering with soft, low-tin solders POS-18, POS-30, etc. This flux should be cured in cases where the corrosive effect of excess flux is not significant and there is no special need for soldering. ї values. This method can be used to solder parts from zinc, galvanized iron, alloy, brass, and copper.
Zinc chloride is used as a paste-like flux for soldering stainless steel with hard solders. This flux is carried out like this. In equal quantities, crystalline sodium tetraborate and boric acid are mixed. Then the powder-like mixture is injected with water and zinc chloride until it reaches a paste-like consistency.
Cream of zinc chloride is combined with ammonium chloride as a flux for melting and filling bearings based on cadmium alloys.
Wood is a low-strength material that can rot (infected with fungal spores).
To operate wood weeds near areas of fungal infection (temperatures from +2 to +45 °C, humidity above 25%), soak the wood with an antiseptic - saturated with zinc chloride. For example, the average triviality of the railway service. When soaked with zinc chloride, sleepers should be installed: pine - 15 rocks; Yalina, beech - 10 rocks; oak – 18 rocks. Infiltration should be carried out under pressure or in closed, open baths.
Otrimannya.
Zinc chloride is obtained by dissolving zinc or its oxide in hydrochloric acid with further evaporation or by heating rare zinc in a chlorine stream.
There are white or lightly minced pieces, or crystals, or light yellow crumbs. Zinc chloride is hygroscopic in solid form, good for water, not flammable. Concentrated ingredients leave a sour stomach.Melting temperature – 322°C, boiling temperature – 722°C.
Chemical formula: ZnCl 2
Remove the broken zinc or its oxide in hydrochloric acid with further evaporation of the zinc or by heating the rare zinc with chlorine.
Subject to physical and chemical authorities, zinc chloride comes in the following grades: A and B (grade B is divided into the first and other grades).
Technical zinc chloride (zinc chloride) is condensed:
- as a drying sasib;
- at the same time for vognezakhistu (flammable foam, percolation to cardboard and fabric);
- for antiseptic seepage of wood, sleepers;
- in viral fibers;
- in the chemical industry when extracting vanillin and zinc cyanide;
- in technological processes of the production of barnberries and farmhouses;
- the naphtha industry is about to clear the naphtha;
- in metallurgy in the production of metals such as aluminum, in soldering processes, in the preparation of metals before galvanizing and chrome plating;
- galvanic batteries have other purposes.
| name of the show | Standard for brand and variety | ||
| A | B | ||
| First | Other | ||
| External look | White or little bits of minced pieces. | Bareless chi light-yellow rozchin. The presence of minor mischief is allowed. |
|
| Mass fraction of zinc chloride,%, not less | 97,7 | 50 | 49 |
| Mass fraction of salvage, %, a little more | 0,1 | 0,005 | 0,01 |
| Mass fraction of sulfates (SO 4), %, no more | 0,05 | Blame vitrimuvati viprobuvannya | 0,01 |
| Mass section of oxidizers | - | Blame vitrimuvati viprobuvannya | - |
| Concentration of water ions (pH), lowest | - | 2,9 | 2,9 |
| Mass fraction of surplus, not dissolved in hydrochloric acid, %, no more | 0,1 | 0,01 | 0,01 |
| Mass fraction of lead, %, a little more | - | 0,002 | - |
| Mass fraction of copper, %, a little more | - | 0,002 | - |
| Mass portion of mish'yaku, %, a little more | - | 0,001 | - |
| Mass fraction of ammonia, %, a little more | - | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Vimogi safe for zinc chloride (zinc chloride) GOST 7345-78:
| Toxicity level | brand A product: 2 product brand B: - |
| Main authorities and types of concerns | |
| Main authorities | White or lightly minced lumps, either barless or light yellow, which may show a slight kalamut. The solid product is hygroscopic. Corrosive when most metals are added. It becomes muddy with water. |
| Vibuho- and pozhezhezhezhezpeka | Chi is not flammable. |
| Trouble for people | It rubs sharply and burns the skin and mucous membranes. Uneasy when inhaling (sore throat, dry cough, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, wheezing); got on the skin (skin stain, stain); got into the eyes (cutting, sticking). Chemical opik, wounds, it’s important to get excited. |
| Features of individual protection | For chemical exploration and quarrying, the robot is PDU-3 (with a length of 20 lines). For emergency crews - an insulating dry suit KІХ-5 complete with an insulating gas mask IP-4M. For all the meanings of the signs - a dry gas suit L-1 or L-2, complete with an industrial gas mask, cartridges with an aerosol filter, M, BKF, V8. Small-sized industrial gas mask PFM-1, gloves with butyl rubber dispersion, specially designed for the protection of naphtha and naphtha products. At low concentrations in the air (with the transfer of HDC up to 100 times) - special clothing, an autonomous chemical individual set with a Primus supply to the respiratory zone of the purified air with PZU, PZ-2 cartridges, a “FORT-P” respirator, etc. true, universal respirator "Snow" -KU -M". Anti-fog respirator, dry eyepieces, aprons and mittens made of wicker fabric. |
| Necessary actions in emergency situations | |
| Zagal character | Bring the carriage to a safe place. Isolate the unsafe area within a radius of at least 50 m. Follow the results of chemical exploration. View third parties. Enter the unsafe zone at a dry place. Let's be patient and I'll help you. |
| When flowing, pouring and dissipating | Tell CSEN. Don't waste your breath. Fence the dump with an earthen rampart, collect the water in dry, protected from corrosion containers without curing. Do not allow the stream to get into water reservoirs, basements, or sewers. |
| In case of fire | Don't burn. |
| Neutralization | Seal the rosin with dry sand, collect in dry, protect from corrosion containers with repeated visits. Seal the area with sand and rinse with plenty of water. Sprinkle the surface of the dry warehouse with a weak meadow dressing (fruit milk, baking soda ash); Rework the soil. |
| Come in first for help | I'll help the Swede. Individuals who provide first aid are guilty of vikoristovat individual properties for the protection of the respiratory organs and skin. Fresh air, calm, warm, clean clothes. If it gets on the skin or mucous membranes, carefully rinse the area with a clear stream of water. If it hits the body, call for vomit, call for a doctor. When opiku – aseptic dressing. |
Packaging, transportation and storage.
Technical grade zinc chloride, grade A, is packaged in polyethylene bags weighing 25 kg or in thin-walled carbon steel drums with a capacity of 100 dm³. Technical grade zinc chloride, grade B, is transported in specially manufactured steel tanks with a bottom drain, in steel barrels with a capacity of 100 or 200 dm³.
Zinc chloride is transported by air, road and sea transport from these countries. Zinc chloride should be transported by carload by carload. It is transported in sealed factory packaging and special containers. Zinc chloride is usually transported in specially equipped tanks or steel barrels and drums. When transporting zinc chloride, protect the packaging from damage and prevent it from entering the external environment.
Zinc chloride must be stored in closed storage areas in sealed factory packaging. When storing and stagnating traces of stagnation, ensure safety precautions, keep the zinc chloride fragments in the class of unsafe chemicals, and prevent spillage and spillage.
It is necessary to preserve zinc chloride separately from feed and food products.
The warranty period for saving zinc chloride grade A is 6 months, grade B is 2 months from the day of production.
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Chemical formula
Molar mass of ZnCl 2 zinc chloride 136.315 g/mol
65.409+35.453 2
Mass fractions of elements from the subject
Molar mass calculator wiki
- Chemical formulas must be entered in the correct register
- Indexes are entered as primary numbers
- The point on the middle line (multiplying sign), which is stagnant, for example, in crystallohydrate formulas, is replaced by a primary point.
- Example: instead of CuSO₄·5H₂O, the converter is written CuSO4.5H2O for ease of introduction.
Electric field strength
Molar mass calculator
Miles
All speeches are composed of atoms and molecules. In chemistry, it is important to accurately control the mass of substances that enter into the reaction and are created as a result of it. Behind the above, a mole is one unit of the number of words SI. One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10² elementary particles. These values are numerically higher than Avogadro's constant N A, expressed in units of moles⁻¹ and are called Avogadro's number. The intensity of speech (symbol n) systems contain a large number of structural elements. A structural element can be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, or a part or a group of particles.
Postiina Avogadro N A = 6.02214076×10² mol⁻¹. Avogadro's number is 6.02214076×10²³.
So a mole is the number of words that is equal to the sum of the atomic weights of atoms and molecules of the word, multiplied by Avogadro’s number. The unit of the word mole is one of the seven basic units of the CI system and is designated mole. The fragments of the name of the unit and its intellectual designation are avoided, which means that the intellectual designation does not fall under the name of the unit, which can be ignored according to the basic rules of Russian language. One mole of pure carbon-12 is exactly equal to 12 g.
Molar Masa
Molar mass is the physical power of a speech, which is defined as the ratio of the mass of a speech to the number of speeches in moles. Otherwise, apparently, the whole thing is just one molyachi speech. In a system, the unit of molar mass is kilogram/mol (kg/mol). However, chemists decided to settle on a small g/mol unit.
molar mass = g/mol
Molar mass of elements and spoluk
Spoluks are words that are composed of different atoms, which are chemically linked one to another. For example, below are the words that can be found in the kitchen of any gentleman with chemicals:
- salt (sodium chloride) NaCl
- zukor (sucrose) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
- otset (roschin ottovoj acid) CH₃COOH
The molar mass of chemical elements in grams per mole is numerically greater than the mass of atoms of the element, which is in atomic units of mass (or daltons). The molar mass is equal to the sum of the molar mass of the elements, including the composition of the compound due to the arrangement of the number of atoms in the compound. For example, the molar mass of water (H₂O) is approximately 1 × 2 + 16 = 18 g/mol.
Molecular mass
Molecular mass (the old name is molecular weight) is the mass of a molecule, divided as the sum of the skin atom that is included in the composition of the molecule, multiplied by the number of atoms in this molecule. Molecular weight dimensionless physical quantity, numerically equal to molar mass. Then the molecular weight differs from the molar weight in size. Regardless of the fact that molecular mass has a dimensionless value, it still has a value called the atomic mass unit (a.m.u.) or dalton (Tak), and is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or neutron. The atomic unit of mass is also numerically equal to 1 g/mol.
Rozrakhunok molar mass
Insure the molar mass as follows:
- designate the atomic masses of elements according to the periodic table;
- indicate the number of atoms of the skin element in the formula;
- denote the molar mass, the folding atomic mass of the elements that are included in the combination, multiplied by their density.
For example, the molar mass of otic acid is dissolved
The won consists of:
- two atoms of carbon
- four atoms of water
- two atoms sour
- carbide C = 2 × 12.0107 g/mol = 24.0214 g/mol
- water H = 4 × 1.00794 g/mol = 4.03176 g/mol
- Kisen O = 2 × 15.9994 g/mol = 31.9988 g/mol
- molar mass = 24.0214 + 4.03176 + 31.9988 = 60.05196 g/mol
Our calculator comes up with such a concept. You can enter the formula of otic acid into it and check what comes out.
Are you interested in transferring one word from one language to another? Colleagues are ready to help you. Publish food with TCTerms And by stretching a few strands you get the answer.
Zinc chloride is also called zinc chloride and zinc dichloride. This chemical reagent can cover a wide range of applications. Zinc chloride (ZnCl 2) is a crystal or piece of white color, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, which absorbs water vapor from an excessive center.
Main characteristics
Fully saturated with smell.
- Discretion varies depending on the water temperature. For example, at a temperature of 25 °C, 100 g of water can dissolve 432 g of zinc chloride, and at a temperature of 100 °C - as much as 614 g. In the average, the total distribution of water is 80-600. Apart from water, good agents for zinc chloride are acetone, ethyl alcohol, ether and glycerin.
- Not flammable.
- Toxic when inhaled, when it comes into contact with the skin and mucous membranes, it releases chemical agents, which is why it is necessary to treat this substance, vikorista for protection.
Virobnitstvo
Industrial production of zinc chloride occurs in two ways. During the first step, zinc is dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Moreover, for this method it is necessary to use pure zinc, and add secondary zinc to the oxide to remove the zinc. After dismantling, the disputes are evaporated.
Another method is to transfer vicarious zinc in rare or (rarely) granular form. Chlorine is added to the zinc, heating the zinc overnight to a temperature of 420 °C.
Purification of zinc chloride is carried out by sublimation, the standard standards are prescribed in GOST 7345-78 and 4529-78.
Storage and transportation
Storage areas must be dry and well ventilated. It is important to turn off the possibility of dispensing and bottling (if it is transported in an apparently damaged state), for which it is recommended to use sealed containers. The average saving term becomes 2 months before due date.
Transporting zinc dichloride is subject to the rules for transporting chemicals that apply to this type of transport. Before the hour of transportation, the reagent is hermetically packaged, and the container is marked according to GOST 19433-88.
Transport and store ZnCl2 in sealed tanks or barrels.
Zastosuvannya
Zinc chloride is widely used in various industries. The widest galus of your vikoristan:
- in dentistry for the production of cements.
- For other small children on calico, for barberry production, including for the manufacture of cotton fabrics, for light industry.
- For the prevention of flammable seepage of various materials. 
- For naphtha purification.
- Yak osushuvach.
- in the coal industry – for conducting fractional tests of coal samples.
- During wood processing for antiseptic percolation of wood.
- in metallurgy for refining melts, for purifying metals from oxide balls.
- When the batteries are exhausted.
- To increase the strength of soldering. This is one of the main areas where this reagent is used, and its water solution is widely known as soldering acid.
Zinc chloride (zinc chloride, zinc dichloride), indicated by the formula ZnCl 2 and the combination of two chemical elements - zinc and chlorine. This is a barbaric, highly hygroscopic, crystalline liquid that has a caustic power. Zinc chloride is dissolved in ether, ethanol, glycerin and acetone. Concentrated aqueous solutions of zinc chloride are used to dissolve starch, pulp and cellulose, and thus also with Lewis acid of medium strength. Lewis acid - once connected, it will take the electron pair into an empty orbital. Otherwise, Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor.
Zinc chloride has a white crystalline solidity of 2.91 g/cm³ and a melting point of 322°C. The product is well distributed in water, in the average unit it has an 80-hundredth quantity. Thus, 100 g of water at 20 ° C dissolves 368 g of zinc chloride, and at 100 ° C - 614 g. When zinc chloride is dissolved in water, the dissolution occurs through the chemical interaction of the zinc chloride with the dissolver. When zinc dichloride is reacted with an acidic reaction, the pH of the solution varies from 1.5 to 3.5.
Zinc chloride always needs a little water, because It is hygroscopic. This product, due to its good consistency, can be completely dissolved in hygroscopic water and can create viscous mixtures with great strength. The supply of zinc chloride must be adjusted after the determination of the thickness using a hydrometer (an apparatus for measuring the thickness of solids).
Zinc chloride has chemical properties, which are typical for common zinc salts. It is possible to remove by disintegrating zinc or its oxide in hydrochloric acid, heating rare zinc in chlorine, or oxidizing other metals with zinc from their mixtures (chlorides).
The industrial method of possession is the disintegration of zinc and the use of hydrochloric acid. For this method, use both pure zinc and its oxide and add recycled zinc to remove the zinc. After removing the ingredients, evaporate the residues with a terminal product, zinc chloride, water or lethal gases. Another industrial method for removing ZnCl 2 is heating rare zinc stream with chlorine. For this granulation, zinc is melted at a temperature of 419.6 °C (zinc melting point).
In laboratories, zinc dichloride can be separated into pure zinc to separate metal chlorides. Those metals that stand to the right of zinc in the electrochemical series of voltage are removed from it. The largest metals that enter the reagent warehouse are copper, metal, mercury and silver. Another method for removing zinc chloride in laboratories is to mix metal chlorides and hydrochloric acid with zinc.
Purification of zinc chloride is carried out by sublimation (transition of the substance from a solid to a gas-like state without changing into a rare state) at a temperature of 600°C - 700°C in a chlorine stream.
Technical zinc chloride is supplied in industrial packaging:
- Vantage is transported by air transport, road transport and sea transport in closed waters;
- transported in sealed factory packaging;
- when transporting the traces, ensure the preservation and integrity of the packaging and prevent contact of zinc chloride with the external medium;
- it is necessary to store the product in closed storage areas in sealed factory packaging;
- When saving and sealing traces, ensure the necessary safety access to the product and prevent its spillage;
- It is recommended to preserve zinc chloride separately from food products.
If transported and stored in uncoated factory packaging, the warranty period for the preservation of zinc chloride becomes 12 months.
Zinc chloride is cinnamon and is widely used in the industry as cinnamon. This design is based on specific chemical forces as a drying and intoxicating agent.
The greatest expansion of the galus is based on zinc chloride:
- in the presence of flammable substances, such as flammable foam, leaching of fabrics and cardboard;
- in the naphtha industry for killing naphtha boreholes;
- how antiseptic the permeation of the wood and slick sleepers is;
- in the chemical industry during the production of zinc cyanide;
- in technological processes for the production of barnacles;
- in metallurgy during the production of aluminum and in the processes of soldering steel or copper cases, screens, as well as flux for cleaning metals before soldering;
- vicorization is carried out when preparing electrolyte for dry elements and galvanic baths at a galvanic technician;
- in the textile industry, as a sealant for the production of fabrics;
- at the coal mining industry, testing of coal samples at the fractional warehouse is underway;
- as a catalyst in organic synthesis during alkylation and Friedel-Crafts acylation;
- with hot galvanizing (galvanizing by melting zinc).