Hyperkinetic heart syndrome. Hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome. Hyperkinetic syndrome in children - what does it mean?

Hyperkinetic syndrome is a disorder characterized by impaired respect, emotional hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.

The term “hyperkinetic syndrome” has a number of synonyms in psychiatry: “hyperkinetic disorder”, “hyperactivity disorder”, “attention deficit syndrome”, “esteem deficit with hyper activity" (atten hyperactivity disorder ) [Zavadenko N. N. et al., 1997; Faraone S. V., Biederman J., 1998].

In ICD-10, this syndrome is included in the class “Behavioral and emotional disorders that begin to develop in children and adolescents” (F9), forming the group “Hyperkinetic disorders” (F90).

Width. The frequency of the syndrome among children of early life ranges from 1.5-2, among children of school age – from 2 to 20%. In boys, hyperkinetic syndrome occurs 3-4 times more often than in girls.

Clinical manifestation. Hyperkinetic disorders often appear in early childhood (up to 5 years), although they are diagnosed much later. Disorders of respect are manifested by increased voluptuousness (without signs of hypermetamorphosis) and inability to engage in activities that require cognitive forces. A child cannot lose respect for long in games, activities, worries and patience. He senses difficulties when he has to sit on a seat, in which he often restlessly flops his arms and legs, spins, starts to get up, runs, feels difficulties in quietly carrying out the task, giving him the advantage motor activity. In a prepubertal child, a feeling of restlessness may occur for a short period of time, sensing internal stress and anxiety. Impulsivity is revealed in children who give without receiving food, as well as in the inability to manage their cards in gaming situations, in the interruption of development and other games. Impulsivity also manifests itself in the fact that the child’s behavior is often unmotivated: instinctive reactions and behavioral impulses are uncontrollable (sweeping, stroking, jogging, inappropriate situations, sudden changes in activity And, break up, talk to the doctor then). At the onset of school learning in children with hyperkinetic syndrome, specific learning problems often appear: writing problems, memory problems, auditory dysfunctions; Intelligence, be it, is not destroyed. Maizhe zavzhdi u tsikh

Children are at risk of emotional lability, perceptual dysfunction and coordination problems. In 75% of children, persistently develop aggressive, protestful, vocal behavior or, at the same time, depressed mood and anxiety, often as secondary phenomena, associated with disruptions in the family’s internal environment. personal socks.

With neurological impairment in children, “soft” neurological symptoms and coordination disorders, immaturity of visual-motor coordination and intelligibility, auditory differentiation are revealed. The EEG shows characteristics of the peculiarity syndrome [Gorbachevska N. L. et al., 1998].

In some cases, the first manifestations of the syndrome appear in childhood: children with this disorder are extremely sensitive to difficulties and are easily traumatized by noise, light, changes in temperature, environment, and surroundings. Typical symptoms include restlessness in the appearance of over-the-world activity in bed, sleeplessness and frequent sleep, restlessness, restless sleep, emotional lability.

Overcoming hyperkinetic disorders is individual. As a rule, the decline of pathological symptoms occurs between 12 and 20 years, and the kidney becomes weaker, and then hyperactivity and impulsivity appear; let your respects regress with the rest. However, in some episodes there may be a tendency to antisocial behavior, special and emotional disorders. In 15-20% of seizures, symptoms of disordered esteem and hyperactivity persist throughout the person’s life, appearing at the subclinical level.

The respect deficit syndrome must be differentiated from other behavioral disorders in children such as aggression and high blood pressure, which may be manifestations of psychopatho-like disorders on the basis of cerebral-organic residuals. dysfunction, and also represent the debut of endogenous mental illnesses (for example, catatonic disorders).

Etiology and pathogenesis Clinical manifestations of hyperkinetic syndrome are consistent with the inhibition of maturation of brain structures responsible for the regulation and control of the function of esteem. It is necessary to give a legitimate view to the hidden group and contribute to the development. There is no single cause for the syndrome, and its developments can be caused by various internal and external factors (traumatic, metabolic, toxic, infectious, pathology of vasculature, etc.). Among them are also psychosocial factors in the form of emotional deprivation, stress, associated with various forms of violence, etc. There is a lot of room for genetic and constitutional factors. All treatments can lead to the same form of cerebral pathology, which was previously considered as minimal cerebral dysfunction. Born in 1957 M. Laufer himself associated with it a clinical syndrome of the described nature, which he called hyperkinetic.

The etiological heterogeneity of the hyperkinetic syndrome can be demonstrated by current research studies to establish its main pathogenetic factors. Registration of additional data was presented in 1998. S. V. Faraone and J Biederman. In the process of family and sibling research, as well as in robots, using the method of adopting children, segregation and molecular genetic analysis, it was shown that the role of

The development of esteem deficiency syndrome has a genetic component. Molecular genetic research has shown that 3 genes can increase the severity of the syndrome: dopamine receptor genes D4 and D2, dopamine gene transporter In children with hyperkinetic syndrome, neuropsychological deficits have been identified, which Usyogo reports the main functions of intelligence and working memory: the type of deficit is similar to that seen in frontal lobe syndrome in adults. This allowed the framework to alleviate the underlying dysfunction of the frontal cortex and the neurochemical systems that are projected in the frontal cortex. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of frontal-perforated pathways, which are apparently rich in catecholamines (which can often explain the therapeutic effect of stimulants). There is a catecholamine hypothesis for the syndrome, but no direct evidence has yet been found.

Likuvannya. There is no single point of view regarding the treatment of hyperdynamic syndrome. In foreign literature, the emphasis in therapy in these countries is on cerebral stimulants: methylphenidate (Rityline), pemoline (Cylert), dexadrine. It is recommended to use drugs that stimulate the maturation of nerve cells (Cerebrolysin, cogitum, nootropics, group B vitamins) that improve cerebral blood flow (Cavinton, Sermion, Oxybral etc.) Combined with etaperazine, sonapax, teralen and so on. In such cases, psychological support is provided to parents, family psychotherapy, contact is established and close cooperation with the teacher and teachers of children's groups where children are educated and started.

Main symptoms:

Active ruhi endings
Ruined
Hypersensitivity to light
Change of gestures
Impulsivity
The creation of facial expressions
Mimovilny ruhi endings
Intolerance
Unimportance
Feel the pulsations in the head
Posikuvannaya m'azіv exposing
Pulsation of the veins
Sensitivity to noise

Hyperkinetic syndrome is a disorder that is characterized by disrespect, impulsiveness, hyperactivity and the manifestation of violent, fleeting movements in surrounding parts of the body. ICD-10 code (International classification of diseases) – F90.

This discord can appear in children up to 14–15 years of age, characterized by absentmindedness, restlessness, impulsive behavior that leads to poor success, twitchiness, and negatively affects socialization. Yu. Such a child fits poorly into the team and practically has no friends.

There is no single reason why I could have suffered from this illness. As the pathology occurs in patients over 20 years of age, it manifests itself in fleeting areas of the head, legs, arms, and back.

Diagnosed by examination by a doctor. Therapeutic approaches are conservative in nature, the prognosis is positive, since additional help was urgently needed. If you don’t do everyday things, there are possible complications that can make a person disabled or lead to mental illness.

Etiology

The appearance of hyperkinetic syndrome is associated with a delay in the development of functional brain functions, which are responsible for the regulation and control of emotion. There is no clear reason for the development of the disease, but one can name a group of officials who would blame the development.

Internal and external factors:

guilt of pathology during pregnancy;
infectious diseases;
folding curtains;
problems with the exchange of speeches;
injure the brain.

Psychosocial factors:

emotional instability;
stress through violent actions of a completely ill person.

Genetic factors:

malfunctions in the genome;
slackness.

After numerical studies, it was established that children with this type of disorder are at risk of neuropsychological deficits, which relate to the final functions of intelligence and working memory. Such problems are similar to problems in the frontal areas in individuals who have reached adulthood, so there is a risk of dysfunction of the frontal cortex and neurochemical systems that are projected into the cerebral cortex. Computer tomography reveals such improvements.

The disease can manifest itself through illness from neuralgia, problems with blood vessels, and following infectious pathologies.

Classification

Numerical studies of hyperkinetic syndrome allow the disease to be classified into groups based on the effects of the hypothalamus.

Damage to the brain:

Tremor. It is not characterized by trembling, which occurs in various parts of the body (arms, legs, especially the head, cracks). It may be due to weakened muscle function, overexertion, neurological illness, and also through side effects after taking medications.
Myoclonus. Before it there are spontaneous, non-trivial, meaty shortcomings that arise through pathological or physiological treatments. The process involves the appearance, the sky, the eyes, the tongue.
Myokimia is a periodic and permanent muscle contraction that changes the end segment and occurs through increased excitability of the spinal cord.
Ticks are spontaneous, fleeting collapses that cannot be controlled and flow in and out. They are short-term in nature, they suffer from psychological trauma, they can be temporary, or they can be permanent.
Spastic. It is characterized by a momentary turning of the head, which occurs in people under 40 years of age. As the disease progresses, turning your head back to normal will become increasingly important with a skin attack, and in the remaining stages it will not be possible to turn it at all.
Facial hemispasm - attacks manifest themselves in fleeting short-lived mimetic pains, and are avoided when experiencing anxiety.
Paraspasm of the facial muscle - manifests itself in partial blinks, then the process affects the throat, tongue, lower jaw, and possible mental defects.

Damage near the Podkirkovo Rivne:

Athetosis - increases and disadvantages of endings. If the language is stuck, then one must beware of damage to the language apparatus.
- unsettled and fretless ruins ending. Body and lining, lower and upper ends may be affected.
Torsion dystonia is a circular wrapping of any part of the body.
Balism – dispersal of circular movements of hands and feet.
Rölf's trial is a trial that can be used to obtain other groups of problems that can easily be processed.

Mixed damage:

myoclonus - periodic mixing of all ends, similar to an epileptic seizure due to loss of knowledge, is avoided intensifying with sudden movements;
Hunt's myoclonic cerebrodysynergy - manifests itself up to 20 years later, it is characterized by hand tremors and a decline in muscle tone;
Shkirivnikovskaya epilepsy - affects the flesh of the skin and hands, which can manifest itself in sleep.

Hypotonic hyperkinetic syndrome of connections with migratory hands, which can manifest itself in a different manner.

Symptoms

Hyperkinetic syndrome in children manifests itself as follows:

supernatural activity - the child cannot sit in one place;
the reaction of external enemies, light, noise was strengthened;
The child doesn’t sleep well and is constantly drifting off;
severe restlessness;
active movements with hands and feet;
the child is overly impulsive, unable to listen, constantly interrupting others, unable to finish the check;
intolerance and lack of importance.

In psychiatry, this type of non-standard reaction is called a deficit of respect due to hyperactivity. It is also necessary to understand the difference between the development of behavior and the characteristics of the child’s temperament.

Thus, the cholery of Presimiva is permіrna izpulsivni, Yak is hidden to be committed to respect for himself, the stench of the fucking to іster, there are TREETY TRETOPY VIKHOVOVATI, Scho Overmirnu Energius, Ido the Yogo directed in the River.

In adults, the pathological process has other signs:

fleeting roars ending;
hand tremors;
posmikuvannaya m'azіv exposing;
circular and chaotic swirls of endings;
inspiration in facial expressions, gestures;
problems from promotion.

The reasons lie in the age-old characteristics of patients, which lie in different groups.

There is also hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome, which is characterized by a distinct pulsation in the head, causing an acceleration of the pulse. Such illnesses are associated with vegetative disorders.

Sometimes, when you become ill, you are aware of the hypertensive nature of the clinical picture: with headaches, noise in the ears and head, congestion in the hands, impaired vision and sweating, as well as pressure and acceleration. blood circulation.

Diagnostics

Hyperkinetic syndrome is diagnosed upon first examination by physicians (therapist, neurologist, psychiatrist).

The behavioral characteristics of the patient are considered:

the patient has increased anxiety;
forgetfulness;
disrespect;
graciousness;
Beware of different complexities and types;
fleeting roars.

It may be necessary to change the arterial pressure, the pulse is measured, which can indicate the frequency of cardiac contraction.

Sometimes, in order to differentiate this pathology from other ailments, an MRI or CT scan of the brain and veins can be performed. Once the diagnosis is made, the patient is sent to regular therapeutic appointments.

Likuvannya

To control tics, fleeting movements, and severe restlessness, the patient is prescribed medication, which protects the patient’s life. These may be sedatives or herbal infusions with a calming effect. For the pre-river child there will be a calm environment, drinks, tea with lemongrass or light, calm conditions.

You can take advantage of various psychological trainings and work with a psychotherapist or psychologist. Therapy is selected individually using standard medications.

Depending on the type of illness, medications may be prescribed to counteract the strong adrenaline rush, normalizing heart rate and blood flow, and in some cases, anti-domestic actions may be prescribed.

Possibly complicated

If you do not carry out daily activities in order to neglect pathological processes, complications may arise that can lead to the patient’s disability or mental disorders.

Prevention of hyperkinetic syndrome:

current therapeutic visits;
elimination of all stress;
caution from a psychologist;
introducing a healthy way of living;
something to do to relieve the overwhelming emotional stress.

All this is the shortest way to avoid causes that can prevent the development of illness.

Is everything correct at the medical level?

Please provide confirmation only if you have proof of medical knowledge

F90 Hyperkinetic disorders

Causes of hyperkinetic syndrome

Overcoming this pathology has not yet been sufficiently proven. Hyperkinetic syndrome results from disruption of metabolic processes in neurotransmitters (chemical substances and hormones in the body, such as adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine) neurons in the brain. The syndrome is caused by excess catecholamine and dopamine, while there is insufficient production of glycine, serotonin and acetylcholine.

Hyperkinetic syndrome in adults is the cause of high clinical polymorphism and significant differences in the signs of intensity, breadth, localization, tempo, rhythmicity and symmetry. With judicial, infectious, toxic, metabolic and other pathological factors, hyperkinetic syndrome in adults can also cause a symptomatic effect on the brain. The following groups of brain damage are known to cause hyperkinetic syndrome:

Hyperkinesis of the Stovburian level is manifested in the form of tremor, tics, muscle paraspasm and facial hemispasm, myorhythmia, myocolonia, myokimia. The stench is characterized by rhythmicity, remarkable simplicity and stereotyping of violent spirits.
Hyperkinesis of the subcutaneous region - its symptoms include torsion dystonia, chorea, athetosis, balism, Rülf's intensity syndrome. There is evidence of arrhythmia, folding of the nerves and polymorphism, with a dystonic component.
Subcarpal-cervical hyperkinesis is characterized by the presence of cervical and myoclonus epilepsy, myoclonic dysynergia of Hunt. Appears in the form of partial epileptic attacks and generalization.

Symptoms of hyperkinetic syndrome

Hyperkinetic syndrome, as a rule, develops in one of the four broadest forms: tics, tremor, chorea and dystonia. The intensity of such symptoms increases with sufficient movements, walking and leafing, physical activity and in the states of emotional and mental stress. After the help of the oxen, the stench is weakened and strangled for a short hour. At the hour of sleep, hyperkinetic syndrome also does not manifest itself in anything.

Tremor, a symptom of which affects the body, is one of the most common seizures. In tremor, hyperkinetic syndrome manifests itself in the appearance of fleeting rhythmic tingling movements of the head and ends, or the whole body. Tremor can take one of two forms: active tremor and calm tremor. The first type of tremor can be divided into postural, which occurs during collapse, and isometric, which is the result of isometric muscle tremors soon. Quiet tremor is largely associated with Parkinsonism syndrome and Parkinson's disease. There is another type of tremor - orostatic, which can accompany the transition of the body from vertical position to standing, as well as kinetic tremor, selective, which only occurs when singing hands, such as, for example, at the time of writing - writer's tremor.

Dystonia is a strong, tonic or smoothly rhythmic, colonic-tonic movement, such as spinning, wrapping ("torsion dystonia" - from the Latin torsio - wrapping, twisting), bending and rozgin Any hands and no fixation in pathological positions.

Chorea manifests itself in the form of a stream of small, irregular and chaotic multifocal streams. Hyperkinetic syndrome affects them in the distal ends, tissue and mimetic muscles, and sometimes in the larynx and gourd. The meaty shortness of the day swells, grimaces and grimaces, the clenched hands and dancing hands cry out in emptiness (choreia in Greek - dance). Most often, chorea appears as a symptom of Huntington's disease, which is a spasmodic illness that is transmitted as an autosomal dominant type, and occurs due to the progressive degeneration of neurons in the cervical nuclei and cortex. and it is accompanied by dementia.

Tics are characterized by the activation of muscles and surrounding groups of muscles or parts of the body that scream irregular movements that repeat. The appearance of ticks can interfere with normal roctorial activity and indicate fragments of direct actions. The tics succumb to weakening until they are completely suffocated for a short hour by the stiffening of the volitional zusilla.

Hypotonic-hyperkinetic syndrome manifests itself in amyostatic symptoms, which are associated with rhythmic, variable-amplitude tremor of the spine. Present cervical disorders of two types: past – which include diplopia and persistent – ocular paresis and convergence, nystagmus, anisocoria, Argyll-Robertson symptom. The stages of pyramidal damage in hypotonic-hyperkinetic syndrome are represented by mild hemiparesis, bilateral pathological signs, and there may also be central paresis of 7-9-10-12 nerves, sensitive to pain hemihyperesthesia .

Hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome is a set of independent clinically developed various symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Today, current medical doctors are highlighting the very cause of such illness as vegetative-vascular dystonia, and now in the regions of the post of the Radyansky expanse, vegetative-vascular dystonia is recognized as official but as seen. Although he is interested in any specific illness, he is interested in the complex of all symptoms. Hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome is a centrogenously acquired autonomic disorder. Hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome is caused by high activity of beta-1-adrenergic receptors of the myocardium, which is due to sympathadrenal overreaction. This is characterized by a hyperkinetic type of blood circulation and is accompanied by three hemodynamic symptoms. Hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome is characterized by the following three hemodynamic symptoms:

Increased shock and increased heart volume, which is often greater, lower metabolic consumption of heart tissue.
Increased speed of blood pumping in cardiac emptyings.
Frequent compensatory decline of all peripheral vessel support.

Hyperkinetic heart syndrome is an independent clinical type of VSD. It should be noted that the group of vegetative disorders is of a centrogenic nature. In hyperkinetic heart syndrome, the activity of beta-1-adrenergic receptors of the myocardium increases, which is accompanied by sympathoadrenal impulses. The result is the formation of blood circulation of the hyperkinetic type, which results in the following hemodynamic symptoms:

There is an increase in global cardiac output and cardiac output, which significantly outweighs the demands of tissue metabolism;
The fluidity of blood expelled from the heart increases;
The underground peripheral judicial support of a compensatory nature is changing.

Formie

Hyperkinetic syndrome in children

Hyperkinetic syndrome in children is indicated by the child's absent-mindedness, hyperstimulation and impulsive behavior. This syndrome negatively affects the success of children’s social adaptation at school, as a result of which success suffers. Hyperkinetic syndrome in children promotes hyperactive behavior and shortens sleep time. Most often, such children, who are twice as old as their peers, wear clothes that are inflated, they are unable to stand still and have to struggle to cope with their home and home activities, which can lead to tensions that are more severe. get involved in the latest external races.

Hyperkinetic syndrome in children is most often accompanied by thoughtless and unsatisfied actions in children, who can rush out onto the road or climb a tree, such children find it difficult to get along with one-year-olds, shards of stench indicate aggression They can be rude or tactless when mixed with one-year-olds or mature ones. Such a child is susceptible to nervous disorders, the development of hyperarousal, she may have diarrhea, sleep is often interrupted, she is often absent, and this means a decrease in appetite, such children are more likely to spill, have a smelly smell and are sick. and before mood swings. This is entirely due to musculoskeletal imbalances and unstable connections. Hyperkinetic syndrome in children does not overflow; it is easy for them to make acquaintances and get involved in society, because their sympathies are short-lived, bonding with them becomes difficult for them; I'm not happy with that.

Diagnosis of hyperkinetic syndrome

In many cases, the hyperkinetic syndrome in adults becomes idiopathic in nature. For its diagnosis, it is necessary to exclude all other, secondary forms, especially those associated with curable illnesses, such as endocrinopathy and swelling. Also, when making a diagnosis, it is necessary to exclude the Wilson-Konovalov disease. It is through those that similar episodes in clinical practice are associated with a rare phenomenon, they contribute to the worm’s switch off. Advances in diagnostics result from the stagnation of additional diagnostic tools, for example, EEG CT, MRI of the brain, and, in addition, laboratory investigations.

First of all, remember that there is some kind of hyperkinetic syndrome in adults, first of all, before the age of 50, note those that include hepatolenticular degeneration. It can be turned off during a blood test for ceruloplasmin, and also after examining the cornea with an additional pinhole lamp to detect the Kayser-Fleischer pigment ring. It is also practical to completely diagnose hyperkinetic syndrome, which is based on its psychogenic origin.

At this time, hyperkinetic syndrome practically does not take place among the recorded episodes. However, the need for diagnosis and timely updating does not apply at all, so as to be able to issue direct treatment in the shortest possible time, in order to allow patients to disappear unnecessary, but sometimes associated with unsafe life, therapy.

Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome

Hyperkinetic syndrome can be treated with medication using a combination of drugs. Levodopa medications are prescribed for children and children; high doses of anticholinergics (up to 100 mg of cyclodol per dose); baclofen; clonazepam and other benzodiazepines; carbamazepine (finlepsin); drugs that act on dopamine reserves in presynaptic depots (reserpine); neuroleptics that block dopamine receptors (haloperidol, pimozide, sulpiride, fluorophenazine); a combination of drugs (for example, an anticholinergic plus reserpine or combined with a neuroleptic).

Treatment of chorea is achieved through the use of antipsychotic drugs, which block dopamine receptors on striatal neurons. In general, haloperidol, pimozide, and fluorophenazine are recommended before treatment. Sulpiride and tiapride are less effective and are recommended as first-line medicines. These days, treatment with atypical neuroleptics, such as risperidone, clozapine and olanzapine, is becoming increasingly popular. A wide combination of medicinal agents is also allowed, so in addition to antipsychotics, antiglutamatergic agents, anticonvulsants and sympatholytics can be used.

By treating ticks in many types of seizures, it is possible to achieve a positive effect without stopping the medication. All that is necessary is to bring calm to the sick person and those close to him in the path of reconciliation, which is indicated by decreased intelligence and severe mental or neurological disorder, and such patients, as a rule, reach rich social other adaptations.

Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children

The diet regimen for cured hyperkinetic syndrome in children first begins with food, since food itself is an important aspect in a cured child. However, it may not be entirely reasonable to suspect that a child with a deficiency of respect will have a growing problem that has changed her diet. In cases where the problem is caused by improper food in children, for example, the presence of preservatives or barnacles in the child’s diet, the exclusion of non-green products and menus can radically help your child in treating hyperkinetic syndrome in children.

The greatest attention to diet may be given to children who have hyperkinetic syndrome as a result of allergies. It is natural for such a child to eat food, including the doctor’s care. Also, don’t worry about checking your child for all sorts of allergies. The menu for treating hyperkinetic syndrome in children may be based mainly on fresh vegetables, salads, which must be seasoned with vegetable oils (obviously cold vizhim), in which case pine oil must take up only 5-10% the diet has a connection with its insufficiency brownness. Also suitable is top oil with a fat content of at least 82%, which must be preserved without being subject to any heat treatment. Instead of adding white wheat beetroot to the diet, add coarse beetroot, beetroot with hangers. There are thousands of recipes for savory herbs for children made from these products and ways to decorate them in an original way. It is important to keep your baby away from junk food, all kinds of crackers, baked goods, chips and sweet carbonated drinks.

Vegetables: white cabbage, green peas, carrots, soybeans, cauliflower, kohlrabi cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, spinach, beans, cucumbers.
Greens: lettuce, crepe, parsley, basil.
Fruits: bananas, pears, apples.
Side dishes: unpolished rice, potatoes, loxin and coarse beetroot.
Porridges: wheat, grain, barley, flaxseed, millet.
Bakery products: wheat and whole grain bread, prepared without milk.
Fats: fermented milk oil, vegetable oil (sonyashnikov fat should become no more than 5-10% in the daily diet).
Meat: poultry, veal, fish, lamb, cowhide (no more than 2 times per week, not greased).
Drinks: sweet tea, still water with sodium instead of about 50 mg/kg.
Season with spices: iodized salt, sea salt, sea salt with added seaweed.

Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children

Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children with medication is effective in 75-80% of cases. Due to the fact that medicinal treatment is symptomatic, it has been carried out in children for many years, and if such a need arises, then medicinal treatment will be continued in both young and adulthood. i.

Drug treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children is based on several important factors. One of the most important principles is the dosage of drugs, which is based on the objective effects and symptoms of the disease. Disputes that it is due to the drive of over-exhaustion or not over-exertion of the child's bathing with medication, during the holidays it is easy to figure out due to the help of such factors as the complexity of the child's sleep not only takes an hour, but also every day. how you are in society, with your dads and friends. As a result of medicinal treatment, the child’s mental stress is relieved during the time of sleep with those who are away, treatment cannot be interrupted during the holidays.

Psychostimulants have a beneficial effect on a child’s nervous system, help her become calmer, and also affect other symptoms in the treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children. Children who take psychostimulants experience increased stress, they become much more able to bear failures, children experience greater emotional stability, and they can easily cope with their parents and friends. Today, amphetamines such as dexamphetamine, methamphetamine, as well as methylphenidate and pemoline are commonly prescribed. In the treatment regimen, the preference is given to methylphenidate or amphetamine, due to the fact that pemoline is often less effective.

Methylphenidate is prescribed two or three times a day: in the morning, during the day and always after classes. It’s a pity that today there is no need for treatment, so that methylphenidate can ensure a balanced effect on the body throughout the day, until it disappears. Most often, when taking this drug, there is a late day dose of methylphenidate, which can interfere with the child's ability to fall asleep normally in the evening. The interval between doses of the drug is 2.5 to 6 years. The negative side of an overdose of methylphenidate is that the father’s scumbags are influenced by the child’s little behavior, as is how the father’s actions are described: “behave as if hypnotized”

Methylphenidate 10-60 mg per dose, dexamphetamine and methamphetamine 5-40 mg per dose, pemoline 56.25-75 mg per dose. If higher doses are required, it is necessary to consult a physician. Most often, treatment begins with a small dose and is gradually advanced until the result appears to have a positive therapeutic effect. Side effects with a larger dose of the drug: loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, insomnia. Children have no physical dependence on psychostimulants.

Pemoline is often prescribed when treatment with other drugs has proven ineffective. A negative factor when taking pemoline is the high activity of liver enzymes, with this side effect observed in 1-2% of children, which can lead to diarrhea.

When bathing a baby with pemoline, it is necessary to monitor the liver functions. Yakshcho at Ditini є Nirkov’s lack of abidozra on non -schools, then even to the Pemolin Ditty Povita to the Pimolin Pivy PID by the control of Fakhivtsia, at the Zv'yaski, the 50% Pemolin visible at the non -imminent Vighi Mayzhe through.

Pemoline is not recommended for repeated therapeutic doses. It is necessary to start with 18.75-37.5 mg per wound, and then from a new period increase the dose by 18.75 mg until the result appears to have a positive therapeutic effect, or side effects with an increased dose of the drug: in waste of appetite, drudgery , headache, headache. Side effects become smaller over time. The maximum child dose is 112.5 mg per dose.

Since psychostimulants do not provide the necessary therapeutic effect, neuroleptics and antidepressants are considered drugs. Neuroleptics, zocrema chlorpromazine and thioridazine are prescribed if the child is overly hyperactive and behaves overly aggressively. A side effect of these treatments is their decline in respect, which complicates and strengthens the child’s mental development and affects their social adaptation. However, this does not provide a reason to treat hyperkinetic syndrome in children without the use of antipsychotics, but simply to recognize that they must be carefully circumscribed.

In the treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children, the following atidipresants, such as imipramine, desipramine, amphebutamon, phenelzine, tranylcypromine, have shown the maximum positive effect. The dose of an antidepressant for this skin condition is prescribed by a doctor.

The use of antidepressants by children is associated with very great risks. Whenever a child is adopted, it is necessary to follow up frequently with an additional ECG, and three types of mortality have been recorded among children who suffer from hyperkinetic syndrome.

Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children with additional physiotherapy can lead to a better prognosis. As shown by numerical studies of the systematic occupation of physical rights by children with respect deficit syndrome, their care is richly calm and equally important. And the most important thing is the fact that gymnastics has a positive impact on the child’s body as a whole.

In children with hyperkinetic syndrome, participation in sports results in proper coordination of arms, sleep is normalized, and most importantly, the child’s bones soften and muscles develop. Physical education will be beneficial for the child, as obligatory exercises will be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, a neurologist and a doctor of physical exercises. This does not mean at all that you cannot play sports with your child at home or in nature.

Remember that the positive effect of physiotherapy lies in its complexity and regularity. It is important that if you work with a child at home, you should be shown to you by a fakhiv. So, it is very important that our parents understand that a child who suffers from hyperkinetic syndrome cannot play sports or take part in games that strongly express emotions. This can include all sorts of performances, team games such as football, hockey, basketball, etc., all sorts of performances that can make the child nervous. And it is important not to forget that when starting to exercise, your child will have to undergo obligatory medical treatment so that you can get comfortable, so that additional physical exercise will not negatively affect other organs and systems of the child’s body.

Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome using traditional methods

A warm bath with water soaked in seaweed and a bath with herbs (mint or lavender). It would be best for a child to take a bath shortly before bedtime and should be taken around 14 p.m.

Infusion of whole grains. 500 g of whole grains, rinse, add 1 liter of water, cook over low heat until the grains are ready. After this, sieve, add 1 teaspoon of honey, take 1 bottle internally.

A decoction of three herbs. Method of preparation: take 1 tablespoon of cutaneous herbs (tricolored violets, lemon balm leaves, dogweed), pour 1 liter of hot water, bring to a boil over low heat. Infuse for 2 years, add 1 teaspoon of honey, take 1 bottle internally.

A simple and effective way of bathing is to walk barefoot on the ground. The child will walk gracefully barefoot on the grass, earth, sand or pebbles on the beach. Walking barefoot on the ground will give the child a feeling of well-being and a beneficial effect on her psyche.

Treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children at home

The treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children in the home mind is transferred to the treatment of more than one child. Singingly, it is not difficult to guess that no matter how much the fakhivets would take care of your child, all the same, since the atmosphere in the family would not change, it would be difficult to achieve a positive therapeutic effect in the bath. I wish the baby's health, first, and the most important ones to lie down with you fathers!

Your child is increasingly confronted with her problems, as we understand your kindness, calmness and consistency. The most important thing is that parents of children with deficiency syndrome should respect the work, but categorically turn off the two extremes that are respected by a loving child. Persha does not show hypertrophied pity, which in turn breeds permissiveness. Another - this setting up of unfair envy was possible until the child, which would be easy to lose. The punctuality of the fathers and the cruelty of the punishments are also very damaging. Remember that if there is a frequent change in the mood of adults, children suffering from esteem deficiency syndrome will experience a much greater negative influx than other children. Fathers need to learn to cope with their emotions.

An individual approach to the treatment of hyperkinetic syndrome in children is applied directly to the skin using an individual scheme. And you don’t need to bet on just one method in the bathroom; be sure to try and get a whole range of approaches and methods that will help your child get out of the disease. baths. The most important ones will be deprived of their timely brutality until the fakhivtsa. And there is no need to suffer from the fact that hyperkinetic syndrome in children is treated well and has the most optimistic prognosis, which is currently diagnosed in children aged 5 to 10 years. Try not to waste such a valuable hour.

Forecast

Hyperkinetic syndrome is a disease that tends to progress over time. Unfortunately, there are no effective medications or similar technologies for prompt delivery to this treatment. As a rule, as a result of physical and mental disorders, illnesses appear in situations in which there is no need for self-care and self-transfer. Problems with the development and progression of dementia may also arise. As a result, patients in advanced stages of illness will usually require hospitalization and treatment at a psychiatric hospital.

Hyperkinetic syndrome- one of the most widespread child behavioral disorders, which is characterized by impaired respect, emotional hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. The term “hyperkinetic syndrome” has a number of synonyms in psychiatry, with the most commonly used ones being “hyperkinetic disorder” and “esteem deficit with hyperactivity” (ADHD) syndrome. In ICD-10, this syndrome is included in the class “Behavioral and emotional disorders that begin to develop in children and adolescents.”

The frequency of the syndrome among children of early life ranges from 1.5-2%, among children of school age – from 2 to 20%. In boys, hyperkinetic syndrome occurs 3-4 times more often than in girls.

Hyperkinetic disorders often appear in early childhood (up to 5 years), although they are diagnosed much later. In some cases, the first manifestations of the syndrome appear in childhood: children with this disorder are extremely sensitive to difficulties and are easily traumatized by noise, light, changes in temperature, environment, and surroundings. Typical symptoms include restlessness in the appearance of supernatural activity in bed, lack of sleep and frequent sleep, difficulty sleeping, restless sleep. emotional lability.

In more senior people, the discord of respect appears to be a shift from voluptuousness and lack of success to systematic activity. A child cannot lose respect for long in games, activities, worries and patience. He senses difficulties when he has to sit on a seat, in which he often restlessly flops his arms and legs, spins, starts to get up, runs, feels difficulties in quietly carrying out the task, giving him the advantage flow activity. Unaffected by advanced motor activity, 50-60% of children show impaired coordination in the visual field, difficulty in thin movements (tying shoelaces, knitting with scissors, rozfarbovanie, sheets), impaired mobility, vigilantism ї coordination (lack of participation in sports games, cycling ).

In school, a child can briefly feel a sense of restlessness, sensing internal tension and anxiety. Regardless of the normal level of intellectual development, school success among rich children is low. The reasons are disrespect, lack of commitment, intolerance to failure. Characteristic partial developments in the development of writing, reading, and rakhunki.

Impulsivity is revealed in children who give without receiving food, as well as in the inability to manage their books, in the interruption of development and in others. Impulsivity also manifests itself in the fact that the child’s behavior is often unmotivated: instinctive reactions and behavioral impulses are uncontrollable (sweeping, stroking, jogging, inappropriate situations, sudden changes in activity i, perervannya gri tosto). In adolescents, impulsivity may be manifested by hooliganism and antisocial behavior (theft, drug use, etc.).

Emotional disturbances are manifested as nervousness, impatience, intolerance to failure. Delayed emotional development is indicated. In mental development, children with impaired activity and respect appear as one-year-olds, but rather become leaders. They look for friends, and if they quickly betray them, they often associate with “acceptable” young people. It is important for a hundred-year-old to grow together. There is no punishment, no kindness, no praise on them. “Non-revelation” itself, that “filthy behavior”, in the eyes of fathers and teachers, is the main reward of bestiality to doctors. In 75% of children, they develop persistently aggressive, protestful behavior, or, at the same time, depressed mood and anxiety, often as secondary phenomena, associated with disruptions in the internal family. and selfishly worn pants.

Overcoming hyperkinetic disorders is individual. As a rule, hyperactivity in the late childhood changes in rich people, as other disorders disappear (esteem disorders regress with the rest). In 15-30% of seizures, symptoms of discord with hyperactivity persist throughout life, appearing in subclinical-1. I'm equal to everyone. In some cases, there may be a tendency to antisocial behavior, special and emotional disorders, alcoholism, drug addiction and other types of addictions.

There are no informative psychological tests for diagnosing this disorder. Impaired activity and respect do not show clear pathognomonic signs. This disorder can be suspected by comparing the medical history and psychological testing with established diagnostic criteria. The respect deficit syndrome must be differentiated from behavioral disorders in children such as aggression and stress disorders, which can be manifestations of other mental disorders and illness. Phenomena of hyperactivity and lack of self-esteem may be symptoms of anxiety or depressive disorders. The appearance of hyperkinetic disorder in school may be a manifestation of reactive (psychogenic) disorder, manic state, schizophrenia or neurological illness, psychopathic disorders or cerebral-organic residual dysfunctions, and It also represents the debut of endogenous mental illnesses (for example, behavior catastrophes).

Etiology and pathogenesis

Clinical manifestations of hyperkinetic syndrome are consistent with the inhibition of maturation of brain structures responsible for the regulation and control of the function of esteem. There is no single cause for the syndrome, and its developments may be caused by various internal and external factors (traumatic, metabolic, toxic, infectious, pathology of vasculature, etc.). Among them are also psychosocial factors such as emotional deprivation, stress, associated with various forms of violence, etc. Much of this is due to genetic and constitutional factors. All treatments can lead to the same form of cerebral pathology, which was previously considered as minimal cerebral dysfunction. In children with hyperkinetic syndrome, neuropsychological deficits have been identified, which affects all primary functions of intelligence and working memory. In its type, this deficiency is similar to that seen in frontal syndrome in adults. This allowed the framework to alleviate the underlying dysfunction of the frontal cortex and the neurochemical systems that are projected in the frontal cortex. Computed tomography confirmed the acquisition of the frontal-subcutaneous pathways. These routes, apparently, are rich in catechodamines (which can often explain the therapeutic effect of stimulants).

Therapy

There is no single point of view regarding the treatment of hyperdynamic syndrome. Drug treatment is more effective in 75-80% of seizures with a correct diagnosis. Its action is more symptomatic. Reduced symptoms of hyperactivity and loss of respect improve the child’s intellectual and social development. In foreign literature, the emphasis in therapy in these countries is on cerebral stimulants: methylphenidate (Ritalin), pemoline (Cylert), dexadrine. The mechanism of its action remains unknown. These psychostimulants help calm the child, but also cause other symptoms. Creation progresses to concentration, emotional stability appears, sensitivity to parents and same-year-olds, social networks are improved. In modern psychiatry, psychostimulants for treating hyperactivity syndrome are practically not used. We recommend drugs that stimulate the maturation of nerve cells (Cerebrolysin, Cogitum), nootropics (Phenibut, Pantogam), vitamins of group B, and things that improve cerebral blood flow (Cavinton, Sermion, Oxybral, etc.). ). In some cases, antidepressants and neuroleptics (chlorprothixene, sonapax) are effective. Neuroleptics do not improve the social adaptation of the child, which is indicated for their reasons for socialization. Their traces are due to the evidence of pronounced aggressiveness, lack of support, or if other therapy and psychotherapy are ineffective. Prescribe antihypertensive drugs (valproate, carbamazepine), their effectiveness has not yet been established. Benzodiazepines and barbiturates are not only ineffective, but can also cause illness. Psychological support for fathers, family psychotherapy, established contact and close consultation with the childcare provider and teachers of children's groups, de-education and beginning these children.

Hyperkinetic syndrome is one of the most common behavioral disorders in children and adolescents today. According to various data, this diagnosis is made in approximately 3 to 20% of schoolchildren who come to see a pediatrician. Its clinical manifestations can be confused with bad behavior, restlessness or temperamental characteristics, since one of these symptoms is increased activity.

However, the fakhivtsy can always differentiate these particularities without destroying them. Know your symptoms, as well as how to diagnose and treat ADHD.

Hyperkinetic syndrome. Significant width in children

Hyperkinetic syndrome is one of the most widespread behavioral disorders that occur in children and adolescents. Like many other emotional discords, it manifests itself in supernatural activity and restlessness. It is also often called hyperactivity disorder (abbreviated as ADHD).

This disorder becomes more pronounced in children. From seven to twelve years of age, the frequency ranges from 3 to 20% of young patients. And in the early stages of life, ADHD occurs much less often – in 1.5-2% of children. In this case, veins appear approximately 3-4 times more often in boys than in girls.

Symptoms

As you might have already guessed, hyperkinetic syndrome in children manifests itself before hyperactivity and restlessness. This is due to the fact that young people are already in school. It is not uncommon for symptoms to appear even in the third or fourth year of life.

If we talk about the first manifestations of the syndrome, it can be said that there is an increased sensitivity to subconsciousness, which also occurs in such children. Such children react more strongly to light, noise or changes in temperature. ADHD syndrome also manifests itself in people with restlessness during periods of lack of sleep and increased sleep, which is the basis for the development of other symptoms.

A young school student will experience the following symptoms:

The radiance of respect. The child is unable to concentrate on any subject; she cannot listen to the teacher for long.
Lost memory. Thanks to ADHD, a young school student from Gorshe masters the elementary program.
Impulsivity. The child becomes restless and fussy. It often turns out that it is impossible to listen to the rest, to finish checking your books. Children's leaders are often unmotivated and unmotivated.
Disturbed sleep.
Emotional discord: temperament, aggressiveness, resulting in behavior or, as a matter of fact, causeless tearfulness.

It should also be noted that many children of young school age have problems with the coordination of their leaders. This manifests itself in difficulties with sheets, filling, tying shoelaces. There is a loss of spatial coordination.

Cause the factors that are blamed on ADHD

There are many factors involved in the appearance of hyperactivity and hyperactivity deficiency syndrome:

Various complications of vomiting. Severe and trivial toxicosis or movement pressure in an expectant mother can provoke ADHD in a child.
The wrong way to live during pregnancy. It’s absolutely true, it’s no secret that drinking alcohol or smoking can negatively affect the development of organs and systems of a future child (including the nervous system). Also, factors that provoke hyperkinetic syndrome can include important physical work and stress.
Too long canopies can also have a negative impact on the baby's development.
Social official. Problems with behavior and anxiety are often a reaction to an unpleasant situation in the family or school. In this way, the body is tempted to react to a stressful situation. Of course, this official is not a knowledgeable person about ADHD, but you can definitely overcome his symptoms.

However, a single reliable cause of hyperkinetic syndrome has not yet been identified.

ADHD temperament?

Often, having detected impulsiveness and excessive activity in a child, parents suspect she has ADHD. However, do not forget that every child has its own temperament. For example, the characteristic characteristics of choleric people are impulsiveness, fieryness and instigation. And in small sanguine people, they are often afraid of incessantly concentrating on one activity and often need to switch from one type of activity to another.

Therefore, first of all, it is more important to be surprised at your little one: perhaps, his behavior is not simply due to his temperament. Moreover, the peculiarities of a young school age allow for a small amount of memory and low stability of respect. These characteristics are gradually becoming more common in the world. Also, at this hour one is often on guard against restlessness and roughness. Child 7 rocks can still concentrate on something alone for a long time.

Another thing is that for ADHD the symptoms are more pronounced. As soon as the activity is accompanied by a lack of attention and loss of memory and sleep, it is better to seek help before the doctor.

Diagnostics

How is ADHD diagnosed today? In order to determine its presence, as well as to find out whether it is accompanied by another, complex illness, we first need to consult a child neurologist. Complex quilting includes a number of stages.

It gives us subjective diagnostics first. The doctor examines the child and conducts a conversation with the parents, at which time the specifics of pregnancy, pregnancy and the child’s period are clarified.

After this child is asked to undergo a number of psychological tests. This is how respect, memory and emotional stability are assessed. To ensure that the assessment is objective, such tests should only be carried out in children over 5 years of age.

The final stage of diagnosis is electroencephalography. During this process, the activity of the cerebral cortex is assessed and possible damage is recorded. Based on the results of the investigation, the doctor can make a diagnosis and, if necessary, provide treatment. Evidence from the medical profession reveals the characteristic features of young schoolchildren and can identify their manifestations of illness.

Some symptoms of hyperkinetic syndrome may begin to appear in kindergarten, so it is important that primary school teachers also diagnose it. Before speaking, supporters most often express their respect for this problem, fathers.

What is hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome?

There is a disease with a similar name, but it does not lead to behavior. This is hyperkinetic cardiac syndrome. On the right is that, in view of the behavioral disorder, which is ADHD, it is one of the manifestations, and the heart itself is damaged. This is not true for children, but most importantly for young people. Most often, this syndrome is not accompanied by symptoms; it can only be detected with objective observation.

Therapy with additional drugs

How to respect the fahivtsi, who investigate the hyperkinetic syndrome, whose dysfunction may be complex. One of these warehouses is the administration of medications. With a correct diagnosis, its effectiveness becomes even higher. These drugs may cause symptomatic symptoms. The stench depresses the manifestation of the syndrome and therefore relieves the development of the child.

Medicinal therapy may be difficult, but it is important not only to relieve the symptoms, but also to consolidate the withdrawal effect. It’s not good to trust people’s ways, even if only a doctor can select the optimal drug and therefore take the right treatment.

Psychological correction

Another useful treatment for ADHD is psychological support. The child of 7 years will especially require help, since the first elementary age is always difficult both for the student himself and for the fathers. Especially when hyperactivity is being guarded against. In this age, it is necessary for the child to formulate the skills of effective bonding with same-year-olds and relatives.

She also conveys a close relationship with teachers and fathers. The child needs constant work and family support, and the participation of the people is also important.

How common is ADHD in adults?

Show ADHD changes step by step, starting from puberty. Hyperactivity initially decreases, and loss of respect goes away. However, in approximately twenty hundred people diagnosed with hyperkinetic syndrome, the same symptoms persist into adulthood.

In some cases there is a tendency towards antisocial behavior, alcoholism and drug addiction. Therefore, if you have ADHD, it is necessary to promptly diagnose and treat it.

Why should we worry our dads that they have ADHD? First of all, you need to create a friendly atmosphere in the booth. It is important to strictly adhere to the daily routine - this way the child will be calm and important.

Doctors who know that ADHD is manifested by increased activity should enroll the child in a sports section. Whether you want to or not, you really want to brighten up your child’s figure. Sleeping with a child can make you feel calm and kind. And the axis of barking and punishing is not good, because they still won’t achieve anything, and turbo, encouragement and respect for the fathers play an even greater role.