Microscopy of a smear in a woman - ce doslidzhennya biomaterial (water-creamed, z_skrіbka) for the help of a microscope for an increase in the previous contamination of the material. Microscopic investigation is an important warehouse part of the diagnosis of sechostatic infections, so that for its results it is possible to evaluate the presence or presence of the ignition process in the sechostatic organs, the degree of its virulence and accurately determine a number of abnormalities PSSH.
Taking a smear for infection in women is carried out at the manipulation room on the gynecological chair and medical couch. A doctor introduces a gynecological speculum (disposable plastic or sterile metal) into the patient’s patient and then takes the material (vision) from the cessation of secondary infections for the help of a disposable probe.
Take a swab from a woman from three points - from the outer opening of the urethra, from the cervix. A disposable spatula with a plastic stick with an expanded tip, yakim, swab smears, a gynecologist evenly separates the material taken according to a special clean object class, assigning special letters to smears from different plots:
Microscopic examination of a smear from the cervical canal and psychitis in women is a necessary method for screening and diagnosing infectious-inflammable contagious diseases (cervicitis, vaginitis). It allows you to evaluate the stages of the ignition process (leukocytic reaction) and the state of microflora, as well as to reveal elements of fungi in the genus Candida, Trichomonas, internal gram-negative diplococci.
Taking a swab from an unborrowed
For girls - take an unoccupied smear just like that, like for women, like living a stately life. The main thing is to take a smear from a girl who is not alive for life - a gynecological mirror does not vikoristovuetsya, taking the material for a smear from a woman is carried out through an opening at a flower. Possibly for indications of taking a smear for follow-up of the urethra. The procedure for taking a smear from a non-borrowed doctor of our clinic is absolutely painless, spitting is excluded. So just take a smear in the smallest patients.
INDICATION TO THE BUILDING SMEAR FOR WOMEN
- Vivchennya flori during prophylactic examinations, medical examinations, veterinary vaginess before gynecological operations;
- Comprehensive diagnostics of the causes of pathological visions of the lungs, symptoms of vaginitis, cervicitis;
- Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis;
- Controlling lupus vaginitis, cervicitis, vaginosis.
WRITING THE TASKS TO THE SMAMA
After a smear is taken, the material is hung and sent for smear microscopy to a medical laboratory. Then we will carry out the so-called farbuvannya smears with special barbers, and then - microscopic follow-up of smears taken under a microscope. Different parts of clitin and bacteria are found in different colors, which allows assessing the warehouse of vision from the urethra, uterine cervix. When a smear is taken correctly, the pictures of these smears are examined one by one according to their clinical warehouse and minds for pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.
A urogenital smear is a painless procedure for a healthy woman to take, as it can cause only mild discomfort. Bil, which accompanies the taking of a smear, testifies about damage, which can be caused by various fuse infections, or in the aftermath of state infections. The stronger the hour of taking a smear, the stronger the weaving of the fabric.
Followed by respect, that a couple of friends (state partners) after seeing a gynecologist and a urologist and giving smears on the flora later on will improve their results. In principle, q smears cannot be absolutely the same. A man and a woman are called two different organisms with individual characteristics and immunity. Wash for micro-organisms in the urethra of a man and a woman’s womb - the same difference. Differences in the minds to spriyat different manifestations of the clinical picture of infection.
A swab for women (for flora, PCR, for bacposification with a selection of antibiotics) is given at our clinic every day, from 10-00.
SERVICE VARIETY
A smear on the flora is a general diagnostic procedure, which is carried out as part of a gynecological examination.
Won vkazuє stan mikroflori zhіnochih statevykh organіv. The results of the investigation allow us to take information about the presence of an illness.
meta analysis
Regular smear building priyaє early diagnostics ailments that are transmitted by the state way. The smear is taken by a dermal appointment of a gynecologist.
The procedure is painless Prote її melancholy is important to reevaluate.
It is especially important to take a smear in such cases:
- with unacceptable symptoms (sverbіzh, liver, change of vision);
- taking drugs with hormonal uptake;
- vagity and lactation period;
- control at the borders of likuvannya;
- preparation for diagnostic procedures and operations.
Filthy smear result to tell about illness.
Under the hour of carrying out the deaky procedures, the presence of the nebazhana is not present. For example, when the fallopian tubes are reversed, contrasting lesions can spread the infection throughout the entire pelvic cavity. Tse to make it easier to overcome an obvious illness.
When it is necessary to give
An hour, if a smear is given, lie down for the first time. If the material is taken away for prevention, then take a smear as soon as possible from the 10th to the 20th day of the cycle.
Women with a long cycle can be analyzed later.
At the hour of the vacancy of the smear building, bleed at least three times - upon confirmation of the fact of conception, on the 8th month, immediately before the canopies.
The rest of the building is necessary to stop the infection of a child with an infection when yoga is passed along the birth paths. Ahead of the day before the fence material can't have sex. Tse mozhe vplivat on the result.
Not a trace of vicorist for purification. Deyakі can be poured into the warehouse microflora pіhvi.
Preparing for the task
Proper preparation ensures that the best results are obtained from the analysis. The analysis is carried out on the first day of the cycle.
How to get ready for a smear on the flora? From the rest of the day, menstruation may occur no less than three days. Otherwise, take blood cells from the material, which will help to create a sub-bag result.
Preparing for analysis due to victorious principles:
- in advance of the day, it is necessary to take a look at the proximity of the state - a smear on the flora after sex can create results;
- it is fenced with vicoristovuvati for cleansing, yakі can be poured into the microflora mill;
- two days before the blood sampling, follow the preparations, which are taken by the method of vaginal administration;
- two days before the analysis, you should start taking antibiotics and any antiseptic drugs.
Without the middle in front of the gynecologist's office, you cannot open the toilet, not varto conduct whether hygienic procedures.
At the reception, it is necessary to take a disposable peli with you and change it. In private clinics, everything needs to be put on the table.
In some cases, you will need to repeat the follow-up. The result will be forgiving. Quiet vipadkiv is especially important if the rules of assignment are violated.
Material intake algorithm
The procedure for taking a smear does not cause any immediate discomfort. Vaughn pass quickly and painlessly.
Take Algorithm:
- accommodation of the patient at the gynecological chair;
- the introduction of tools to expand the walls of the pixie and to look around the gynecologist;
- taking the view from the back wall of the pikhvi with a medical spatula;
- fixation of a smear on the face.
Other manipulations are carried out without intermediary in the laboratory. A sight can be seen not only from the penis, but from the sciatica or the cervix.
Steps to follow
The analysis of the pikhvovoy secret of the woman is carried out in the own laboratory.
On the cob, a smear is carried out using the Gram method.
Methylene blue is used for fermenting vicory. This process spryaє the most common podіl of bacteria for different species.
Let's step croc laboratory assistant.
The number of leukocytes and the degree of purity of the vaginal secretion are assessed.
The sovereign clinic has a trivality vchennya material can reach seven days, For paid installations, the result of the analysis can be taken as soon as the next day.
Skіlki adventitious
The results of skin medical follow-up may be the sing term of admissibility.
smear on flora adventitious stretching ten days after the fence material.
Tse dosit obmezhenі framework against other types of doslіdzhen. An analysis for oncocytology can be applied more than once to r_k. The study, which reveals the presence of Candida fungus pathogens, cannot be carried out more than once a month.
If the pardon is taken away, the result of the analysis can be repeated without urahuvannya pointing terms of applicability. On the frequency of doslіdzhen you can add a course of likuvannya.
Yogo efficiency is mitigated by the dynamics of smear changes. It’s not good to see a gynecologist at the same time.
Taking a smear is an absolutely non-negotiable procedure. Vaughn allows you to reveal the disease on the very cob of the development. It’s worth saving that hour of strength, if you happen to spend time on jubilation.
Smear analysis for flora is one of the most important diagnostic methods in gynecology. Smear sampling is carried out from the mucosa of the pikhvi, cervix or sciatica. This analysis allows us to assess the status of the microflora and sechostate system and to reveal the presence of pathogenic microorganisms.
Analysis of smear on the flora in women is required for an hour of prophylactic examination by a gynecologist and for the presence of scars on the side of the sebaceous system. Before them one can see: painful sensations in the lower abdomen, sverbіzh, liver at the pikhvu, vision, which indicates a possible ignition process. Also, this analysis should work after the completion of the course of antibiotic therapy with the method of preventing thrush and with planned pregnancy.
Is it important to give an analysis?
Sound a smear from the penis as a part of the planned medical examination of women. Vіn be carried out by a specialist for a gynecological examination. Also, the collection of biological material is taken from the uterus and cervix.
Given diagnostics allows revealing possible problems in women's health, such as the ignition process or illness, the cause of which is infection. Medical terminology still has another name - bacterioscopy.
Take a gynecological smear for suspicion of such illness:
- or vaginitis;
Appointment of taking a smear fahіvtsі can be for such scarg patients:
- Soreness with state act.
- It is unacceptably odorous brightly seen in the serpentine color.
A smear is taken with planned vagility and after antibacterial therapy. In addition, the smear allows you to control the effectiveness of therapy during the treatment of gynecological diseases.
Advantages of the method:
- Painlessness of the procedure.
- Just the rules for preparation before folding a smear.
- Controlling the efficiency of women's ailments.
- Possibility of impersonal disease of the sechostate system.
With a preventive method, women periodically need to carry out diagnostics. Tse dopomozhe zabіgti mozhlivim nebazhanim naslіkam.
Preparing for the task
Doctors seem to think that this analysis does not require special training, but it is not so. For the reliability of the results, the patient is recommended not to go to the toilet for 2-3 years, the shards of cutting can kill all pathogenic bacteria and infections, the doctors will importantly identify the causes of your pathological state.
Douches, vaginal suppositories, and antibacterial agents are nicely applied to inaccurate indicators. It is necessary for women to conduct an analysis after the end of menstruation, and before that, all patients should follow up on any state contacts 2 days before taking the biomaterial.
How are you going?
The analysis is most likely to take a medicine, if you come to the first appointment at the polyclinic, or if you just go to a paid laboratory, de obstetricians and medical personnel take biomaterial from you.
A gynecologist, an obstetrician or any other medical practitioner can easily be carried out with a special disposable spatula in the form of sticks for three dots-pistula, urethra and cervical canal.
For people, the urologist or other doctor inserts a special disposable probe into the urethra, turns it around the axis and takes the analysis. It is important that the report does not reveal pain symptoms, but it does not include the carelessness of the doctor, as well as individual sensitivity, or the manifestation of another illness that can cause discomfort.
Meaning of letters on the analysis form
Physicians vikoristovuyut not the same name, but the abbreviation - the first letter of the skin from the parameters of the analysis. For the understanding of the normal microflora of the pikhvi, it is even better to know the letter designations.
Otzhe, what is the letter:
- shortening of the zones, the stars are taken from the material, denoted by the letters V (vagina), C (cervical cervix) and U (urethra or sebaceous canal);
- L - leukocytes, the value of which may not change in the norm and in pathology;
- Ep - epithelium or Pl. Ep - squamous epithelium;
- GN - gonococcus ("blaming" gonorrhea);
- Trich - trichomonads (calculators of trichomoniasis).
In a smear, it is possible to detect mucus, which shows on the normal internal medium (PH), brown Doderlein sticks (or lactobacilli), the value of which is up to 95% of all brown bacteria.
The active laboratories take the rule of putting signs to match a specific type of bacteria. For example, here vikoristovuyut sign + for which. It is put down according to 4 categories, where one plus is an insignificant difference, and the maximum value (4 pluses) confirms the difference.
For the presence of any kind of flori, the abbreviation “abs” (Latin for no type of flori) is put down in the smear.
Why don't doctors sing at microscopy?
For the help of this analysis, it is not possible to signify such an illness to the body:
1) Cancer of the uterus and cervix. To diagnose the evil degeneration of endometrium, the required histological material, moreover, in a large number. І to take yoga directly from the uterus with a separate diagnostic vyshkribanny.
2). Sob її it means that a smear is not needed and it does not matter, what result will be shown. It is necessary to have a blood test for CHL, undergo a gynecological examination with a doctor and perform an ultrasound scan of the uterus. It is possible to identify chorionic gonadotropin in the section, but not in state organs, which are approved!
3) CC and other pathologies (leukoplakia, koilocytosis, IPL lesions, atypical clitinitis and in) should be set for the results of cytological follow-up. The Danish analysis is taken directly from the cervix, from the transformation zone, using the Pap test method using the Pap test. Another name for yoga is oncocytology.
4) Do not show the same infection (STD) like:
- (chlamydia);
- (mycoplasmosis);
- (Ureaplasmosis);
The first few infections are diagnosed by the PCR method. And it is impossible to determine the presence of immunodeficiency virus in a smear with high accuracy. It is necessary to have a blood test.
Norm smear on flora
After reviewing the results of the analyses, for an hour it is important to sort out the numbers and letters written by the doctor. In truth, everything is not so complicated. In order to understand what causes gynecological illness, it is necessary when deciphering the analysis of a smear on the flora of the nobility. Їх not rich.
In the analysis of a smear in a mature woman, the indicators of the norm are as follows:
- - The presence is guilty, but only in a small number.
- (L) - the presence of these cells is allowed, shards help fight infection. Normally, the number of leukocytes in the pelvic cavity is not more than ten, and in the region of the cervix - up to thirty.
- (pl.ep.) - in the norm of yoga, the quantity can be no more than five fifteen cells per floor. If the figure is larger, then it is the evidence of fuse diseases. Even less is a sign of hormonal disorders.
- Dederlein's sticks - in a healthy woman, they can be rich. There is a small number of lactobacilli to talk about the damaged microflora of pikhvi.
The presence in the results of the analysis of fungi of the genus Candida, other sticks, gram (-) coci, trichomonads, gonococci and other microorganisms, indicate the presence of a disease and require more deep investigation and recognition of the treatment.
Table of deciphering the norm of a smear in women (flora)
The interpretation of the results of the analysis of the smear on the flora in women is presented in the tables below:
| Pokaznik | The value of normal indicators | ||
| Pihwa (V) | Cervical canal (C) | Urethra (U) | |
| Leukocytes | 0-10 | 0-30 | 0-5 |
| Epithelium | 5-10 | 5-10 | 5-10 |
| slime | Pomirno | Pomirno | |
| Gonococci(Gn) | no | no | no |
| Trichomonas | no | no | no |
| Key cells | no | no | no |
| Candidi (drіzhdzhi) | no | no | no |
| Microflora | Great number of Gram + sticks (Dederlein sticks) | no | no |
Cleanliness levels by smear on flora
In the fall, according to the results of the smear, 4 levels of purity of the soil are distinguished. Steps of cleanliness in the mill of microflora pikhvi.
- The first step of purity: The number of leukocytes in the norm. Most of the microflora of pikhvi is represented by lactobacilli (Doderlein sticks, lactomorphotypes). The number of epithelium is dead. Slime - darkened. The first step of cleanliness is to talk about those that everything is normal with you: the microflora is in order, good immunity and inflammation do not threaten you.
- Another level of purity: The number of leukocytes in the norm. The microflora of pikhvi is represented by brown lactobacilli along with coca flora or yeast fungi. The number of epithelium is dead. The amount of mucus is dead. Another level of cleanliness of pikhvi is also brought up to the norm. Prote storage of microflora is no longer ideal, but also, mystic immunity decreases and more high risk of inflammation in the future.
- The third level of purity: The number of leukocytes is higher than normal. The main part of the microflora is represented by pathogenic bacteria (coca, yeast fungi), the number of lactobacilli is minimal. Epithelium and mucus are rich. The third step of cleanliness is the same burning, as it is necessary to exult.
- The fourth step of purity: The number of leukocytes is already large (the whole field is clear, often). There is a large number of disease-causing bacteria, the presence of lactobacilli. Epithelium and mucus are rich. The fourth step of purity is to speak about the manifestation of inflamedness, which means negligent exuberance.
The first and other levels of purity are normalized and do not detract from brilliance. At these stages, gynecological manipulations are allowed (biopsy of the cervix, hysterectomy, restoration of color, hysterosalpingography, various surgeries, etc.)
The third and fourth degree of cleanliness is all inflamed. For these steps, contraindications are gynecological manipulations. You need to take a smear test, then re-smear.
What is cocoa flora in a smear?
Koki are bacteria that shape the bush. The stench can sting like a norm, so it can also be with various fuse diseases. Normally, coca is seen in the smear alone. As the immune defense decreases, the number of coccobacillary flora in the smear increases. Coci are positive (gr+) and negative (gr-). Why has the voice of gr + and gr-kokiv?
For a detailed description of the bacteria, the microbiologists, the cream of the sample form, the analysis of those other characteristics, prepare the drug using a special method, which is called “zabarvlennya for Gram”. Microorganisms, which are filled with farbovannymi after a smear wash, are considered “gram-positive” or gr +, and those that are not barred when washed are “gram-negative” or gr-. Gram-positive ones include, for example, streptococci, staphylococci, enterococci, and also lactobacilli. Before gram-negative coci, gonococi, intestinal stick, proteus lie.
What are Doderlein sticks?
Doderlein's sticks or, as they are also called, lactobacilli and lactobacilli are microorganism, which protect the pine forest from disease-causing infections with a pathway of lactic acid production, which saturates the acid medium and the debilitating pathogen no flory.
The change in the number of lactobacilli is evidence of disorders in the acid-lumen balance of microflora in women and the destruction of yoga in the meadow, which often occurs in women, so they lead an active state of life. At the pH of the flu, it is easy to add both pathogenic microorganism, and mentally pathogenic (sometimes they grow into the flu in the norm).
Smear on flora pіd vagіtnostі hour
The microflora of the skin woman is highly individual, and normally consists of 95% lactobacilli, which produce lactic acid and preserve the steel of the pH of the internal medium. Ale in pіhvі є in normі і mentally pathogenic flora. She took her name away from the one who becomes pathogenic only for singing minds.
Tse means that the docks at the fir tree are sour in the middle, the mentally pathogenic flora does not cause any maladjustments and does not actively multiply. Before them, yeast-like fungi can be seen, as for singing minds, candidiasis candidiasis can be caused, as well as gardnerella, staphylococci, streptococci, and in other minds, bacterial vaginosis (flashing process) can be caused in women.
The flora of a woman can change due to various reasons - with reduced immunity, taking antibiotics, with severe infections and circulatory diabetes. One of these factors that can change the microflora is a change in the hormonal background. Thus, estrogen practically does not vibrate in a vagit woman until the end of vaginess, but the hormone progesterone vibrates in a great number of women. Tse hormonally badly allows Doderlein's sticks to increase 10 times, so the body is able to protect itself from a possible infection during the first hour of pregnancy. It is even more important for him to pass the obstezhennya and reveal the steps of cleanliness before the planned pregnancy. Even if you don’t kill it, then under the hour of vagity, the mentally pathogenic flora can be activated and evoke different illnesses.
Candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis - the axis is far from a common illness, which loosens the walls of the flu. It’s not safe for us, that at a slower hour you can find out what you could not but, yakbi pikhva was clean and healthy. Such infections, such as mycoplasmosis, chlamydia and ureaplasmosis, are not detected during smear analysis, and pathogenic microorganism can be detected only when analyzing blood using the PLR method (polymerase-lanceuge reaction) with the help of special markers.
The analysis of a smear in a vaginal woman is taken for an hour of setting on the appearance, and then for control at the term 30 and 38 marks. Call for an assessment of the microflora of the pihvi, doctors will talk about the so-called levels of cleanliness of the pihvi, as the woman is guilty of knowing and following it, so that the hour of vacancy will save the necessary steps.
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What does a smear on the flora of women indicate? A smear on the flora is considered before the main methods for detecting ignition processes in the organs, as well as their causes. Danish analysis allows us to identify the presence or presence of inflammation, the levels of its virulence, the nature of the microflora of the penis, sciatica, the cervical canal, the manifestation of an infectious agent, or indirect signs of its presence.
A smear on the flora in a woman (urogenital smear on the flora, bacterioscopy, saline smear) is the same method of laboratory diagnostics, which should be carried out microscopically after the biological material from the psyche. This is one of the most extensive methods of laboratory diagnostics, which are widely used in gynecological practice, and its advantages are accessibility and informativeness.
A swab for flora can be taken at a woman's consultation, at a polyclinic for a living, at a private specialized clinic, at the office for collecting material from other laboratories.
Display until next date
A smear on the flora of women is taken for an hour of a planned preventive examination by a gynecologist, planning of vagity, placement on an obstetric appearance, as well as in case of suspected infection of the inflammation of the state organs and with the method of monitoring the effectiveness of the examination.
When vagity is given, the role played a particularly important role, as a result of changes in the hormonal background (zocrema, hyperestrogenia) and a significant decrease in immunity, the risk of development of ignition processes in the ovaries and internal other state bodies. Inflammation can be caused by the interruption of vaginess, frontal canopies, infection of the child during passage through the birth path.
Under the hour of vacancy after the end of the phvoic microflora, the sound is assigned three times through the intervals of the hour, and in case of the revealed infectious inflammation, the part.
The main symptoms that drive the recognition of a smear on the flora:
- painful sensations in the lower part of the abdomen (mimovilni or at the hour of the state act);
- sverbіzh and/or considering the discomfort in the field of external state organs;
- unimaginable sightings from state paths;
- ailing sichovipuskannya;
- disrupt the menstrual cycle
At the result of the final smear, the so-called steps of cleanliness of the soul are indicated. This is the first screening, which allows you to determine the need for further obstezhennia and yogo obsjag.
For preventive purposes, a gynecological smear on the flora is recommended to be given at least once in a row without any symptoms, shards of a richly ill reproductive system, including infections, are characterized by an adherent leak. Also, a prophylactic smear on the flora is recommended to be taken at a time, as the woman had no sexual contact with a doubtful partner.
Where to give a smear on the flora and how much to analyze?
A swab for flora can be taken at a woman's consultation, at a polyclinic for a living, at a private specialized clinic, at the office for collecting material from other laboratories.
Call the follow-up smear hour by hour, take one working day, please clarify the term for the result of the result more clearly with the doctor, the shards of the term prepared for analysis in different laboratories can be reviewed.
Preparing for delivery
Sound, a smear on the flora is given on the fourth or fifth day of the menstrual cycle, as there are no other indications. Before the hour of menstruation, it is not necessary to analyze the analysis, the stones will inevitably get to the material of the menstrual blood, as with a high ability to create a result.
If a patient undergoes a course of anti-infective therapy, then complete the next step and then take the test. A smear for microflora should be taken no earlier than three days after completion of treatment with antibacterial and antimycotic drugs (so no other tests were taken from the doctor). The use of antibacterial, antimycotic, antispasmodic drugs and antiseptic drugs can be the reason for the rejection of hybno-negative results in follow-up.
It is necessary to be careful that it is not uncommonly pathogenic, that it calls ZPSSh (contagion, which is transmitted by the state path), does not appear during smear microscopy, regardless of presence in the body.
For 1-2 days before submitting the material for analysis, it is necessary to include sexual contacts, and during this period it is not necessary to stop vaginal suppositories, ointments, do not douche. Ahead of the day, on the day of delivery of the material, it is not possible to coristuate with the help of intimate hygiene. Obmezhenie іz fіzicheskoї aktіvіtі and eating denim analysis does not matter.
Bazhano does not urinate for 2-3 years before taking the material for analysis.
How to take a smear on the flora
Before taking the material on the follow-up patient, the patient should undergo a remarkable gynecological examination with an additional mirror. The doctor visually evaluates the vulva, the walls of the pelvis and the pelvic part of the cervix, then, with the help of a sterile spatula, we will take the material from three women - the pelvis of the pelvis, the oval lapel of the pelvis, the cervix. In some cases, the material for further investigation is taken from one designated point, for example, only pikhvi or the cervix. The procedure is painless.
Taken from different plots, the material is applied with a spatula on a subject, but one or the other, marked (V - pikhva, U - sciatica, C - cervix), hanging and sent to the laboratory.
For a detailed knowledge of the technique of material sampling, you can look at a video about how to take a smear on the flora of women.
Pіhvova microflora: norm
At the result of the final smear, the so-called steps of cleanliness of the soul are indicated. This is the first screening, which allows you to determine the need for further obstezhennia and yogo obsjag.
For 1-2 days before submitting the material for analysis, it is necessary to include sexual contacts, and during this period it is not necessary to stop vaginal suppositories, ointments, do not douche.
Depending on the nature of the microflora and clitin, 4 levels of purity of pikhvi are seen in the place:
- The number of Dederlein sticks is large, the number of squamous epithelium in the preparation is insignificant. Indicated in clinically healthy women.
- There is a small number of cokiv, prote sticks of Dederlein are overwhelmed. It is not a sign of pathology that is expected in rich clinically healthy women.
- In the preparation, there is a small number of Dederlein's sticks, the number of leukocytes is over 10 in polyzora. Beware of igniting processes.
- Dederlein's sticks in a smear are practically daily, there is a large number of cocci and leukocytes. Sign of bacterial vaginosis.
Normal values of indications for women of reproductive age are given in the table.
|
Pokaznik |
normal values |
|
Leukocytes |
Pihva - 0–10 for poly zoru Cervix - 0–30 in polyzoru Urethra - 0–5 in polyzora |
|
flat epithelium |
Pomіrna kіlkіst |
|
Pomіrna kіlkіst |
|
|
Dederlein sticks |
Pikhva - a large number The cervix - daily Urethra - daily |
|
Gonocoki |
Not revealed |
|
Trichomonas |
Not revealed |
|
Chlamydia |
Not revealed |
|
Microscopic yeast-like fungi |
Not revealed |
|
Key cells |
Not revealed |
Decryption of indications
When deciphering the results of a smear on the flora in women, we evaluate the number of leukocytes (deposit, in addition, the number of samples of the material), the nature and quantity of the revealed microflora.
Leukocytes
Leukocytes are blood cells that protect against pathogenic microorganisms, which are the immune system. As the number of leukocytes in the smear is increased, it can be indicated for the ignition process. Assessing the result, take into account the phase of the menstrual cycle, depending on how many leukocytes you can vary.
A smear for microflora should be taken no earlier than three days after the end of treatment with antibacterial and antimycotic drugs (so no other tests were taken from the doctor).
Lactobacteria
Dederlein's sticks (lactobacteria, vaginal sticks, lactobacilli, gram-positive sticks) are the general name for non-destructive acidophilic sticks, as they do not make superchicks the main component of the normal microflora of the penis. Normally, in a smear, Dederlein's sticks are guilty of being reduced to the last biomaterial in a great number. A change in their number, especially in the presence of other representatives of microflora, is a sign of burning.
flat epithelium
The squamous epithelium is the cells, which hang on the inner surface of the pixie present in the urethra and cervix of the uterus. In normal conditions, the amount of squamous epithelium in a smear can vary in staleness depending on the hormonal status and phase of the menstrual cycle. When a large amount of squamous epithelium is detected, it is possible to suspect the presence of an ignition process (urethritis, cervicitis, vulvovaginitis). The presence of a squamous epithelium in a smear may be indicative of a hormonal disorder (zocrema, may be a sign of a disorder in the production of state hormones).
When deciphering the results of the analysis, take it to heart that in women during the period of vagity, an increase in the number of leukocytes and squamous epithelium is noted.
slime
The mucus is produced by burrows in the cavity of the uterus and the cervical canal. In the norm, the smear shows a decrease in the amount of mucus (for materials from the urethra, it may be more daily), an increase in the amount may be indicative of the presence of an infectious-inflammation process.
bacteria
Normally, the workers are ill, which are transmitted by the state way, and the materials, which are kept, are due daily. Їhnє vyyavlennya to inform about the presence of tієї chi іnshої іnfektsії. So, the manifestation of gonococci indicates gonorrhea, trichomonads are indicated for trichomoniasis, etc.
The stagnation of antibacterial, antimycotic, antiseptic drugs and antiseptic drugs can be the reason for the rejection of hybno-negative results in follow-up.
The manifestation of microscopic yeast-like fungi can be a sign of vaginal candidiasis (the so-called thrush), proteins of microorganism, as well as other bacteria (coca, for example), present in healthy women, which is important true assessment.
However, it is necessary to protect those who are often pathogenic, who call ZPSSh (contagion, which are transmitted by the state path), do not appear during smear microscopy, regardless of presence in the body. Therefore, for the obviousness of the suspicion of infection, they go up to additional investigations (for example, a polymerase lanceuge reaction). Smear microscopy also does not allow the detection of sensitivity to antibiotics or antifungal preparations of the revealed microorganisms. Therefore, a cultural analysis (tank of culture) with an antibioticogram is carried out.
Key cells
In the norm, key cells in the material are daily, and their appearance can indicate bacterial vaginosis, as well as erosive or swollen changes in the mucous membrane.
Evaluation of the result
In case of taking the results of the follow-up smear, which go beyond the norms, the diagnosis is not made - for which a complex diagnosis is necessary, as well as a clinical picture of the disease, so it is possible to correctly assess the result, it is less likely to fail. Vin, at the time of consumption, prescribes therapy.
We should take it to heart that the manifestation of coco and other mentally pathogenic microflora is not the basis for the recognition of anti-infectious therapy without any calculus assessment and the appearance of these other diagnostic studies.
Self-treatment in most cases can lead to serious damage to the balance of bacterial microflora and, as a result, the development of complications, including a further spread of infection.
Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:
Pap smear is taken before some gynecological procedures. The very same research helps to establish a warehouse of microflora of state organs in women, to detect gynecological illnesses. Let's take a look at the presentation of the procedure, call it the number of features and її carried out, showing the norm.
What does a smear from pikhvi show?
The woman, yakі spryamovanі on tse doslіdzhennya vpershe, often tsіkavit nutrition, scho shows gynecological smear and why to be carried out. Given microscopic, laboratory investigation, characterization of the microflora in the septum (urethra), uterine cavity and cervix. The very organs and organs of the system of the woman are exposed to the influx of pathogenic microorganisms.
Based on the results of the follow-up, the doctor can judge the burning state of the state system, reveal the presence of damage in the early stages, if the stench is not clinically manifested. Under the hour of the smear, the following indications are evaluated, such as:
- number of leukocytes;
- the number of epithelial cells;
- presence of lactobacilli;
- presence of pathogenic microflora (trichomonads, gonococci, fungi).
How to prepare a smear for flora?
For a gynecological smear showing the objective state of the reproductive system, it is necessary to follow the following rules:
- Vinyatok stateevyh zv'yazkіv 3 dobi before the procedure.
- Chi not zastosovuvat likarski zasobi mіstsevoї terapії - cream, vaginal suppositories.
- How should a woman carry out douching - for 1-2 days before taking a smear, apply procedures.
- For 2-3 years before the end of the day, it becomes difficult to urinate.
- The procedure must be carried out immediately after the monthly sightings - on the 4th-5th day of the cycle.
How to take a smear from pikhvi?
A smear for the microflora of pichwi is taken by a gynecologist. The woman is standing at the gynecological chair. The doctor carefully installs a mirror to gain access to the walls of the pikhvi. The material is taken with a disposable, sterile spatula. The procedure itself is painless. A little discomfort for the girl is less at the moment of taking the material.
It is difficult to transfer a smear from pikhvi to the subject. Zrazok is delivered to the laboratory. Laboratory assistant microscopy smears, examining the number of skin types of clitin, entering the value for completion. The result of the procedure passed by the woman will be taken on the same day, or for a sprat of dib. It is worth depositing according to the research laboratory, the number of samples taken from the material.
Gynecological smear - interpretation
A gynecological smear on the flora, deciphering which is carried out exclusively by a doctor, helps to determine the degree of correlation of brown microorganisms to pathogenic ones. For example, doctors victorious songs of short Latin letters:
- V - pihvu. Roztashovani order іz tsієyu letter digits vіdbivayut vmіst tsієї parts of the state system;
- C (cervix) - cervix. The numbers indicate the number of changes in the warehouse of microorganism in this galus;
- U (urethra) - sechivnik.
In healthy women, a smear shows both lactobacilli and leukocytes alone. Cocoa flora, erythrocytes, a large number of leukocytes show on the ignition processes in the reproductive system. So, when trichomonas are detected, doctors make a diagnosis of "trichomoniasis", the presence of gonococci - a sign of such an illness, like gonorrhea. These are the results of a far-flung obstezhennya.
Gynecological smear - the norm
Assessing a smear from pihvi, the norm of such a thing is set for all women, doctors give respect to such displays:
1. Leukocytes. The norm of leukocytes in a gynecological smear is restored as follows:
- for pihvu - up to 10 clitins for polyzoru;
- neck - 0-30;
- urethra - up to 5 units at the microscope aperture.
2. Epithelial cells– in the results of all assigned positions, write “marked”. When the value is increased, we can talk about the ignition process, the defect can be attributed to a decrease in the concentration of estrogen.
3. Slime:
- pihvu ta shiya - peace;
- urethra - daily chi darkened;
4. Gram-positive sticks (gr.+):
- pihva - great number;
- cervix - daily;
- urethra - daily.
5. Gram-negative sticks (gr.-)- skіz vіdsutnі. The presence indicates dysbacteriosis pikhvi, ignition processes.
Leukocytes in a gynecological smear
Leukocytes in a smear from pichvi are present in a single number. With a significant increase in the number of cells, the ignition process is switched off. For an accurate diagnosis of illness, additional diagnostic procedures are carried out: ultrasound of the small pelvis, blood tests and sections, blood for hormones. In the middle of partial illnesses, for which the concentration of leukocytes increases, it is necessary to see:
- - Slime fur is inflamed;
- - Inflammation of the neck;
- urethritis - igniting process in the sciatic system;
- - inflamed appendages;
- - Porushennya fiery character in mattsі.
What are the "key cells" in a gynecological smear?
The follow-up of a gynecological smear transfers the baby of key cells. This term is used to mean the clitin structure of the squamous epithelium. Microorganisms are most likely to spread on their surfaces. The most common sticks are gardnerelli. The stench is considered to be mentally pathogenic - at a low concentration, it does not reveal pathology. However, the appearance of їх at the smear is a signal for doctors for further follow-up. The very same camp becomes fixed in case of dysbacteriosis - the destruction of the spivvіdnennia of brown microorganism to pathogenic ones.
Sticks at the gynecological smear
Microscopically gynecological smear on the flora, laboratory assistant pidrakhovu and number of sticks. The basis of the number of these clinal structures in a smear is formed by lactobacilli - Doderlein's sticks. The stench lie down to the brown, utvoryuyut normal microflora pikhvi. Decreased number of patients indicates dysbacteriosis, which means medication treatment.