The lungs are the head organ of the human respiratory system. The stench is anatomical life, which allows you to put on them the function of protecting the acid.
The serosa of the leg is called the pleura, as it can be visceral (legene) or parietal (pristine):
- The visceral pleura is curved on the sides of the sides and is strongly tied to them. To enter at the expanse between the legendary parts, passing into the parієtalna bіla root of the legend.
- Parietal pleura - visceral dovetail walls of the thoracic region, protecting the lungs from the mediastinum. It is grown from the inner surface of the sternum. I fill the bear, in the skin half of the chest empty, like vengeance covered with the visceral pleura of the leg.
Lungs are a pair organ, which is distributed on the right of legenia and lion. Roztashovuyuchi breast empty, take up to 80% її total commitment. The fabric of the legennium is similar to a sponge with pores of an erysipelas color. Step by step out of the darkness through the hen, pathology in the system of dihannia, antiquity.
What is legenitis pleurisy?
Pleurisy legenia is a complex pathology of an inflamed character, especially unsafe for children and summer residents. Illness is repaired due to inflamed (infectious chi) leaves of the pleurisy. Rarely become self-sufficient, most often - a legacy of ailing processes in legenia.
Inflammation of the pleural membranes is accompanied by visions of exudate:
- With dry pleurisy, fibrin falls on the surface of the pleura sheets.
- With exudative pleurisy, the secret accumulates in the empty pleura.
Exudative pleurisy is the name given to processes that are accompanied by pathological effusion without inflammation - swelling, trauma, infection.
See that zagalny taxonomy
Fallow for the reasons that served on the cob of pleurisy legenia, I will develop and develop forms, vin buvaє:
- rotten.
- Blame through the filling of the pleural emptiness with purulent wiping. The legenev and pristinkov shells are fired.
- Exudative.
- The pleura is affected by infections, puffiness, traumas.
- Dry.
- Complicated ailments of legenia and other organs, spreading orders from empty pleural space. May appear as a symptom of systemic disease.
- tuberculosis.
- The serous membranes are irritated, which create an empty pleura and human legends. Illness is diagnosed for the great obligation of the motherland, which is seen.
Symptoms of the skin type are typical and lie due to the nature of the disease.
Stages of illness
According to the nature of the break, pleurisy can be legen in three stages.
- The first stage is the stage of exudation.
- Mіsce posilene pleural rіdina - the result of expansion of blood vessels and zbіlshennya їhnої penetration. This is the case, if immune cells activate biological processes and infection penetration. Zayva rіdina vstigaє vyvoditsya lymphatic system, oskolki її obsyag near the pleura do not outweigh the normal.
- Another stage is the stage of purulent exudate.
- Sticky, filled with fibrin, exudate begins to appear on the pleural sheets. Strengthen by rubbing between them, step by step the leaves are soldered (grow). "Intestines" are settled, as if they are making it easier to see the exudate from the empty pleura. Bacteria are accumulating in the areas of accumulated secrets, which died out due to the stagnation of immune cells. So, at the expense of protein activity, bring that layout to rot. Inflammatory processes begin to develop in adjacent tissues, damage to the lungs through the vessels of the lymphatic system. At the pleural stool, even more rare purulent mass is collected.
- The third stage is the stage of chronic wear.
- The stage of development of pathological women and the transition to a chronic form. Chronization manifests itself:
- suttєvim decrease in friability legen;
- zbіlshennyam tovshchina pleurisy;
- decreased flow of pleural effusion;
- pleural adhesions;
- sometimes, the pleura is overgrown with fibrous tissue.
- The stage of development of pathological women and the transition to a chronic form. Chronization manifests itself:
Cause
It is rare to get sick of a clean looking person. Pleurisy can be eliminated with trauma to the chest, or if it is too cold, and most of all, if there is an aftereffect of another illness. Vіd ny to lay down the nature of the symptoms.
Infectious pleurisy is the widest form. For him, the development of the important is the sensitive sensitivity of the patient. The reactivity of the illness changes, if through microbes or toxins, an allergic pleural effusion begins. The immune system directs to the area of infection the antibody production, which, following antigens, is injected into the histamine production.
Approximately three quarters of the problems of an infectious nature are called forth by the influx of bacterial agents:
- tubercular sticks;
- fungal infection;
- streptococci;
- staphylococci;
- anaerobic bacteria;
- legionel.
A non-infectious form may occur for the following reasons:
- omission of evil puffs on the pleural sheets;
- expansion of metastases in the pleural space;
- lung infarction;
- injuries to the tissues on the background:
- scleroderma;
- systemic vasculitis;
- red wolf.
Pleurisy is easy to treat with such an illness:
- angina;
Symptoms of pleurisy legenitis
The symptomatology of pleurisy lies in a specific form of illness and the nature of the break. Often the cob of the development of ailments is missed by patients, the shards stray with a severe cold. However, the main symptoms of the disease are still observed in other respiratory pathologies.
Exudative, encysted pleurisy: symptoms
It is possible to know the facts of the clinical picture of the form of illness, which lie in the place of localization and the term of limitation of pathology. The character of the vision is also significant.
Before the pleurisy of the designated type can be seen:
- Mіzhchastkovі:
- no pronounced symptoms.
- Bagged pristines:
- bіl in thoracic clitiny, which are strong (with wheezing and coughing);
- doubting the exudate in the sinus of the diaphragm to cause the expansion of pain impulses in the upper abdomen, it becomes important to beat;
- bіl mozhe poshiryuvatisya in the dish of the shoulder blade, shiї. Behind the character of the painfully obvious in case of Pancoast or plexitis cancer.
- Sampled rot:
- gives a typical picture of pleural empієmi:
- the temperature is moving;
- the patient feels a strong chill,
- may be obvious intoxication.
- 3 not clearly expressed symptoms:
- the patient is aware of severe weakness;
- sickness;
- purulent discussion of the virus can break through into the bronchi and tissues of the chest emptying, satisfying the pleural-shkin or pleural-bronchial orifice.
- gives a typical picture of pleural empієmi:
Signs of dry (fibrinous), adhesive pleurisy
Adhesive pleurisy - a form of fibrinous pleurisy - the most chronic disease affects the shell of the leg. From the fibrinous sludge on the pleura, adhesions are established, which lead to tissue shrinkage, lowering the leg.
Illness indicative of symptoms characteristic of all types of dry pleurisy:
- there is a dry cough, which is manifested by attacks;
- body temperature rises, chills begin;
- hastened that aggravated breathing;
- sheets of pleurisy, when rubbed one on one, scream wheezing;
- vinikaє backside;
- the patient is seriously ill;
- in the evening the lihomania succumbs to the aphids of a sharp increase in sweating.
These symptoms cause severe pain in the affected leg, which is exacerbated by deep breaths or sharp inhalations/turns of the body. Sometimes there are pains in the space of the heart, in the upper part of the abdomen and the chest.
Characteristic sign - raptovist manifestation of symptoms. The patient can name an hour on the cob for the development of pathology.
Show strong (purulent, serous) pleurisy legenitis
The purulent, exuberant pleurisy of legenia is the most important form of pathology. It is diagnosed in all categories of the population, not to lie down in status and age. Calling out the wound of the shell of the legenia, settled in the middle of the organ of arrays of rare pus.
The following symptoms are typical for the disease:
- heaviness or bіl in the breasts;
- one notices a fierce weakness, a lack of strength;
- a strong cough begins;
- z'yavlyaєtsya ass;
- sharply rising body temperature;
- at the botsі vinikaє postiyne visibly napovnennosti
- the breath is broken, the people are flocking to work in the air and vidihi.
With purulent pleurisy, bіl is a head sign. Postupovo, the world accumulated pus in the pleural empties, which symptom came out. Cough is rarely accompanied by sputum, which is more important at night. As aggravated after the transferred infection, it is possible to see an exudate.
Vidminnosti tuberculous, viral pleurisy
Tuberculosis pleurisy is a chronic pathology with active vision of exudate (in pleural effusion and on the surface of the leg). Ailment and in a child's eye, wanting to trapleyaetsya and in grown-up people. You can be like a crippled form of tuberculosis, or self-inflicted illnesses.
- allergic form.
- Blamed in tuberculosis patients, sensitive to tuberculin, mild to hyperergic reaction. Symptoms are manifested sharply: the temperature rises in Sweden, which lasts 10-14 days. Through a serous veneer, problems are blamed on the breath, pain in the beak, more frequent work of the heart.
- perifocal form.
- Start step by step. Often the symptoms are due to hypothermia or a viral infection. There is a dry cough, near-cordon temperature (37-38 0 C), tingling, liver at the breasts. When pressing on the intercostal zone, it hurts. The pain is similar to myositis or intercostal neuralgia, with irradiation to the empty stomach - an attack of cholecystitis.
Cough with pleurisy
In case of pleurisy, the pleurisy leaves are burned, the veins can be dry and exudative. When dry, a dry, often reflex cough appears. Illnesses are stricken by yogo stream, shards of trembling of the chest cell call out strong pain.
In the world, the accumulation of rіdini in the pleural space gradually changes and the intensity of the cough. The bots have a heaviness that ass. You may be more pronounced with a weak breath vesicular, sometimes you can hear a noise from rubbing the pleurisy.
Exudative pleurisy pass without obvious activation of the cough center. Accompanied by a sharp weakening of the breath, the voice is trembling and the percussion sound is short.
Possibly folded
It is necessary to carry out the exaltation of pleurisy every hour, only in this way it is possible to get away from the possible comfort. And there are a lot of ailments:
- adhesions are established in the pleural empties;
- severe dichal insufficiency of organs and systems;
- adhesive form of pleurisy;
- obliteration of interstitial spaces;
- empty pleura heal;
- reduced fragility of the diaphragm;
- pleurosclerosis.
Appearing more comfortable to lie down due to the causes of pathology, overshooting the development. To get comfortable, you don’t need to visit the doctor.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of pleurisy itself is easy, as a clinical diagnosis, I will not become problems. It is important to explain the reasons why the sickly camp was caused. Diagnostics using such methods:
- looking around that experience;
- obstezhennia of the patient in clinical minds;
- blood test;
- selection and analysis of pleural effusion;
- microbiological obstezhennya.
From the results of the diagnostic examination carried out, the necessary treatment is assigned.
Celebration
When treating pleurisy, two main tasks are followed: to stabilize the state of the sick and to normalize the dychal function. Ale persh, you need to find out the reason that the illness caused. For whom it is necessary to use both methods of traditional and alternative medicine.
Traditional medicine
The basis of medicinal methods for the treatment of pleurisy is formed by antibacterial preparations, the nature of the disease is infectious. The pleura itself is rejoiced: desensitizing and anti-spasmodic.
Pіdbіr lіkіv lie down in the form of data, obsession after diagnostics. The choice of antibiotics is based on the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora, as it appears in laboratory exposure. Norms of dosing - for the exact camp of the patient.
- Antibiotics:
- Clindamycin;
- Ceftriaxone;
- Ampicillin.
- Non-steroidal anti-seizure drugs:
- Meloxicam;
- ibuprofen;
- Diclofenac.
- Glucocorticosteroid:
- Prednisolone.
People's interests
Pleurisy can be cured by relying on traditional medicine recipes. To the widest household needs lie:
.Prevention of pleurisy at once with visits to reduce the risk of inflammation of the immune system.
Having turned back to the human anatomy, we become aware of the mechanism of contagion.
Pleura- it is folded from the outer and inner sheets from the intermediate slot or pleural empty. Under the influence of any causes (autoimmune, penetration of infection) in pleural vessels, the level of penetration increases, in empty vessels, rare plasma components of blood, as well as proteins, are consumed. With a slight obsyazі, the motherland is smoky back, for a little fibrin (blood protein), which becomes a siege on the leaves of the pleura - the stench is stinking. Such a way to get settled fibrinous or dry pleurisy. With a greater obscuration, pleural effusion develops exudative pleurisy.
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Odnoklassniki
What kind of sickness is that?
Pleurisy rob folded pathological processes, like human organisms. Symptoms of this inflammation are most often suspected in patients with tuberculosis, after suffering, as well as in oncology. Ill more smart people up to 40 years old, yogo:
- superficial cooling chi navpaki, overheating;
- underdosed GRZ;
- injuries;
- filthy eating with little intake of vitamin C in the body;
- great physical adventure without renewal.
Reasons for appearing
Seen as a zagal three main reasons or the paths of sanctification are inflamed:
Aseptic etiology:
- malignant oncology of the pleura (mesothelioma), one or more metastases in the empty pleural space in case of oncological diseases of other organs, for example, milk sores, ovaries, leg ulcers;
- autoimmune cause: macular lesion of healthy tissues (wolfworm, arthritis, systemic vasculitis, rheumatism and others);
- infarction (myocardium, legenia);
- otherwise (pancreatitis, leukemia, nirk deficiency).
Zmishane trip:
- Infectious-allergic;
- toxic-allergic;
- autoimmune-toxic.
- Allergy to chemical speech that grows accompanied by undeath - it's not so unpretentious as it seems. Learn more about and fight allergies.
- Suffer cough? To restore respect for the health of children, scaling up to bronchospasm can be spadkovy. You can read Causes of Bronchitis.
Symptoms
The clinical picture of pleurisy is divided into dry and exudative.
Symptoms of dry pleurisy:
- Breast bіl;
- Zagalny unhealthy camp;
- dry cough;
- subfebrile body temperature;
- local pain (deposit in the area of injury);
- with palpation of the ribs, deep breath, cough, painful sensations are felt.
In a hot trial, the doctor with an auscultatory path diagnoses pleural murmur, which does not stick after being pressed with a stethoscope, or I cough. Dry pleurisy, as a rule, pass without any negative consequences - zrozumilo, for an adequate exhilaration algorithm.
Symptoms of exudative pleurisy:
- severe illness, malice, subfebrile temperature rise;
- bіl at the breasts, the buttocks are bulging, step by step the heat rises - so it goes through the collapse of the leg, the organs of the middle wall are crushed.
Gostry serous pleurisy may sound like tubercular disease.
characterized by three stages:
- exudation;
- stabilization;
- resorption of vipotu.
In the cob period (exudative) it is supposed to smooth out the vibration of the intercostal space. The organs of the mediastinum are shifting in health with a large pleural cavity near the pleural slit.
Stabilization period a characteristic sign of the change: the temperature falls, the pain in the breasts and the buttocks pass. At this stage, pleural effusion may appear. In the acute phase, blood analysis shows a large accumulation of leukocytes, as if gradually returning to normal.
Often, if the mother is accumulating above the diaphragm, it is not visible with vertical x-rays. And here it is necessary to carry out an additional position on the boots. Vіlna rіdina easily moves vіdpovіdno to the position of the ailing tulub. Most of the accumulation is concentrated in the gaps between the parts, as well as in the area of the dome of the diaphragm.
Clinical manifestation of inflammation of the pleura is subdivided into:
- gostrі (illness is clearly pronounced, develops rapidly);
- pіdgostrі (pomіrniy perebіg zapalennya);
- chronic (weak symptomatology, periods of posterіgaetsya aggravation).
To the host of symptoms, the described serous pleurisy is accompanied by purulent forms - pneumothorax and pleural effusion. The stench can be caused by tuberculosis and other infections.
purulent pleurisy calling for pus to fall into the pleural space, de may tend to accumulate. Slid vrahuvati, scho non-tuberculosis empієma shdo safely pіddaєtsya likuvannyu, prote for inadequate algorithm can go to the folding form. Tuberculosis empієma proceeds importantly, possibly chronically. Illness is signifi- cantly consuming at the vase, suffocating, feeling chills, suffering from a cough attack. In addition, a chronic form of this variety of pleurisy causes amyloidosis of internal organs.
At the time of the task of optimal help, the complexity is blamed:
- Zupinka dihannya;
- dissemination of infection throughout the body with blood stream;
- development of purulent mediastinitis.
Prevention
It is even simpler: it is necessary to adequately treat the first infectious disease, take care of eating, exercise physical courage with a cold sore, do not overheat and do not give in to supernatural cooling.
Pleurisy perifocal- In ailments with legenevimi forms of tuberculosis, wear a chronic stagnant character. Possible relapses. Serous exudate also without mycobacteria.
If you have seen in yourself or close people described a sign of pleural inflammation, it is necessary to turn to a long-term therapist.
After a first glance at the clinical picture, as if you could tell a lot about what, do a series of analyses, follow the doctor’s further confessions. Shvidshe for everything, bude referral to a pulmonologist.
It is important to remember that in case of early diagnosis of a disease, it is necessary to recognize adequate therapy, for which it is possible to invest in residual clothing.
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Pleurisy is called ailment, for which is a characteristic development of the inflammation of the legenous and parietal pleural pelvics. For pathology, it is typical to have an exudative wiping in an empty serous tunic, which is an omen. In some depressions, fibrinous deposits appear on the surface. Pleurisy rarely occurs as a primary ailment, often as a consequence of other pathologies of the dychal system.
The normal pleurisy camp is a thin gap with a splendid tissue shell. The outer leaf lies on the wall of the chest and is called the parietal or parietal, the inner (visceral or legeneval) leaf is covered by the leg. In a healthy person between two sheets of pleura, there is a small amount of radii.
cause pleurisy
Rozrіznyayut cause development of pleurisy fallow in the form of the disease itself. Pathological inflammation of the pleural pelvics may be non-infectious and infectious etiology.
Causes of the development of a non-infectious form of pleurisy:
- myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction legenia (therapy was carried out by a cardiologist);
- ill, scho ruining a fabric legen;
- oncological metastases that affected the pleural sheets (consulting an oncologist);
- nir's deficiency.
In non-infectious pleurisy, the symptoms are clearly pronounced, which allows fakhivtsy to make bezmilkovy diagnoses, for the help of additional conditions, clarifying the type of illness.
Infectious pleurisy develops due to other reasons:
- legenia tissues are affected by non-specific bacterial strains, for example, syphilis, typhoid, proteus or mycoplasma; and specific micro-organisms - pneumococcus, tubercular bacillus, hemophilic infection and klebsielo pneumonia;
- The legends attack viruses, fungi, blastomycetes, actinomycetes, coccidia, amoeba, echinococi and others, which are not safe for the dichal system.
Any of the pathogenic microorganisms can be consumed in the pleural tissue of dekilcoma in the following ways:
- for help blood flow;
- through the lymphatic system;
- with trauma to the chest;
- after the contact between the lungs and the pleura.
Infectious form of pleurisy can be contagious (with tubercular or fungal pleurisy), in such a case the patient is isolated from otochuyuchih. This disease is characterized by attacks of pain in the chest cleft on the side of the injury, often in the lower ventricles, which is exacerbated by dyspnea, coughs, and can only be treated with anesthetic drugs.
I in acute, and in chronic pleurisy, the causes of development are practically identical. Ale ridina in the empty pleura accumulates only with exudative type of inflammation.
See pleurisy
Classification of pleurisy after Putovym and Fomina:
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Vidpovidno to etiology |
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For Vmistom |
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Vidpovidno to the nature of the disease |
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Parts of pleural inflammation are presented in the tables below. Skin - either dry (fibrous) pleurisy, or exudative (virile) pleurisy.
|
Illness |
Characteristics |
Features of the leak |
|
Dry pleurisy |
There is no accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, and fibrin accumulates on the surface. Lastly, the ailment of the lower part of the dichal system. May be aggravated with engorged intrathoracic lymph nodes, malignant puffiness, collagenosis, rheumatism, viral infections. Kіlkіsny vmіst vipotu - minimal, the homeland continues to be found on lymphatic vessels. However, the fibrin threads become the reason for the increase in the coefficient of friction between the pleural pellets. On the surface of the pleurisy, there are impersonal nerve endings, the more rubbing, the stronger the pain. |
Before the appearance of an exudative form. It develops as the cob stage of pleural inflammation. Blood-bearing and lymphatic judges reactively radiate to the ignition process, an allergic component appears. Increased vascular penetration, which allows part of the protein and a rare component of plasma to penetrate the pleural space. Fibrin molecules will join together, forming the basis of arcuate and arcuate “threads” that wrap around the surface of the serous membrane. Cough receptors are also affected, which are found in the pleural tissues, which lower the threshold of their sensitivity and provoking a protracted attack of coughing. |
|
exudative pleurisy |
The pleural emptiness accumulates rіdina. The ignition process reactively develops, increasing the area of the damaged shell. There are changes in the lymph flow rate, the secretion of the radii moves, it may lead to intrapleural effusion. Vipіt squeezing the lower segment of the legenia, which provokes the shortness of the life commitment. |
Often aggravated by pneumothorax. You will need urgent medical help. Enzymes, which had earlier absorbed the splitting of fibrin threads, are expending their activity. With the appearance of a large amount of rіdini between sheets of pleura, the exudate is straightened into the pleural cavity (intestine). For such a form of pleurisy develops dichal insufficiency. Pain is not so intense, like with dry pleurisy, shards are accumulated, reducing the coefficient of rubbing between pelvics. |
|
Serous fibrous pleurisy |
Motherland may not be clear what a non-flashing trip is. With increasing symptoms of intoxication and tila sygaє febrile symptoms, there is an ass, almost heaviness. |
It starts as if showing weaknesses of that infamous illness. After that, there are pains in the sternum, dry cough. Dekіlka tizhnіv trimaєtsya pіdvischena subfebrile tіla. The sick man is only handy in a drunken position, when he is sickly at the side of the sick part. |
|
purulent pleurisy |
Epima pleurisy. At the pleural emptiness, the place of the mother begins to accumulate rotten in the place. It develops as a result of an uninterrupted damage to the pleural tissues by infection, and when a legenous abscess is found in the pleural space. |
Often aggravated by hemopneumothorax. You will need urgent medical help. Pathology is classified as important and aggravated by severe intoxication. The purulent pleurisy is typical for patients in the extreme stage of debilitation and reduced immunity. |
|
tuberculous pleurisy |
Protіkaє povіlno, may chronic form. Developing severe intoxication, signs of damage to legenevous tissue. |
Vipoty has a lot of lymphocytes. You can make it easier to form fibrous threads on the surface of the shell. The exudate of infection is syringic purulent exudate, which is consumed in the pleural emptiness after melting of the bronchi. |
Signs and symptoms of pleurisy
Clinical symptoms are dependent on the causes that provoked the illness, the intensity of the ignition process, the stage, the type and form of the pathology, the exudate and some of the characteristic features.
For pleural inflammation, these are typical signs (indicated by all forms):
- butt;
- attack cough;
- bіl thoracic cleft;
- temperature rise to subfebrile and febrile values;
- displacement of the trachea (with unilateral pleurisy).
The back can be the most typical symptom that develops as a result of an ear damage to tissue legenia and a decrease in contraction.
Cough is characterized by medium intensity, non-productive and dry. It speaks to the teasing of nerve endings, which are in the tissues of the pleura. Become strong, like an ailment, change your posture or rob a deep breath. Under the hour, I will attack the cough, it will be strong at the chest.
And the bіl itself is a legacy of teasing pain receptors and the raised rub of the pleural pelvics. May be a hostile character;
Sound, but the discomfort may irradiate at the shoulder of the living. The more the fluid accumulates in the pleural space, the less the patient sees the pain, and the more the dychal insufficiency appears.
Movement of body t is a non-specific reaction to an infectious invasion. And the trachea shifts in the wake of the supra-world vice from the side of the legend. Such a camp is not safe for the complicated pleural effusion.
Having shown other symptoms, lie down in pathology, which became the cause of the ignition process.
Diagnostics
Diagnostic algorithm. With pleurisy, turerculosis and oncoprocesses are included in front of us. This is shown by an analysis of the statistics of the reasons that call for an illness, as well as the alertness of an ailment. The sick person is to undergo CT or MRI of the leg, after which it is easier to be diagnosed with a diagnosis. Further, sputum sputum was tested for the presence of a bug and sensitivity to drugs, including tuberculosis.
The microscopy of sputum and її overhead analysis is victorious - to show what is out of character - purulent mucus, the presence of specific inclusions, microorganisms. With exudative pleurisy, a pleural puncture can be performed. She doesn’t just use the homeland, but it’s a diagnostic procedure, that’s why. VIPit send for analysis. A new one may have atypical clitiny, signs of inflammation, and induce an infectious chi іnshiy pleurisy. Crimia for the indications of specific methods to obstezhennya vykonuyut analysis of cross-section, blood analysis (general and biochemical), if necessary - ultrasound of internal organs.
Methods of likuvannya
In the process of treating pleural inflammation, doctors may have two main goals: to stabilize the cold state of the sick and to normalize the dychal function. And only a little later, we can find out the reason that provoked pleurisy. Most of the inflammation is treated with medication. In important cases with great injuries, it is possible to carry out an operative insertion with a method of removing the middle of the infection and necrotic tissues.
Shards of sickness sound like an infectious disease, they rejoice at the stagnation of a wide range of antibiotics. Ale therapeutic scheme is formed daily individually, and may include other preparations - with antiseptic and desensitizing action.
The antibiotic is chosen empirically, to prescribe the most often additional help. Excitement includes a combination of 1-2 representatives from a number of groups of the strongest in a wide range. Dosage and exchange rate of taking medications to fall at the stage that forms the severity of illness.
The head organ of the respiratory system in the human body is the lungs. The unique anatomical life of a human being is similarly indicative of their functions, which is easy to overestimate. Pleurisy is the cause of inflammation of the pleural sheets due to infectious and non-infectious causes. Illness does not appear to a number of independent nosological forms, but the scalings are aggravated by many pathological processes.
What is legenitis pleurisy
Pleurisy of the legenia is one of the most severe inflammations of the disease, which is most common in children and people of a frail age. The pleura is a serous membrane of the legenia. It is divided into visceral (legenev) and parietal (parietal).
The skin of the leg is covered with a leg of the pleura, so that on the surface of the root it passes to the parietal pleura, where the walls of the thoracic pleura lay down to the leg and the middle leg to the mediastinum. The pleura, which covers the legenia, allows it to painlessly stick with the chest wall for an hour of breathing.
Lungs are a chain organ. The skin person has two legends - right and left. Lungs in the chest cavity take up 4/5 of the volume. The skin of the leg is covered with a pleura, the outer edge is like a deep growth with a chest wall. Legenev fabric on a richly porous sponge of erysipelas color. For the last century, as well as in pathological processes of the dichal system, the chick color of the legenous parenchyma changes and becomes darker.
Dihannia - it is more important than not controlling the process, zdіysnyuvany on the reflex level. For tse vіdpovіdaє pevna zone - dovgasty brain. Vіn regulates the rate and rіven glibini dihannya, focusing on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood. On the rhythm of the breath, the robot of the whole organism is poured. Fallow in the frequency of breathing improves and the heart rhythm accelerates.
Classification of illness
Fallen due to the cause of vindication of ailment, and manifesting illness, they can also be irritated and subdivided into:
- A purulent pleurisy is a disease, a vindication of some kind of provocation in a pleural emptiness of a purulent character. At the same time, there is an injury by the ignition process of the wall and legene shell.
- Pleurisy is characterized by lesions of the pleura of an infectious, chubby or other nature.
- Dry pleurisy sounds like an aggravation of disease processes in the lungs or other organs, spreading near the pleural stool, or a symptom of chronic (systemic) diseases.
- Tuberculosis pleurisy affects the serous membranes, which form the empty pleurisy and cover the leg. The main sign of illness is the advancement of vision of the rіdini chi falling on the surface of the pleurisy fibrin.
According to the zone of change every day:
- Diffuse pleurisy (exudate moves with empty pleural space).
- Encapsulated pleurisy (the motherland accumulates in one of the pleurisy cases). You can be upper, parietal, basal, interchastkovy.
According to the nature of the lesion, pleurisy is subdivided into:
- escudative - between the balls of the pleura, the motherland is settled;
- fibrous - the vision of the middle is small, but the very surface of the pleural walls is covered with a ball of fibrin (white).
Pleurisy is subdivided by the nature of the expansion:
- only one is light
- offending parts (one-sided and two-sided).
Cause
Needless to say, the ailment of a pure-looking person rarely strikes. For example, її the cause of development can be a trauma to the chest, її hypothermia. In more cases of depression, it is accompanied by an illness, or it leads to some kind of complication.
Pleurisy legenia is characterized by pleural effusions on the surface of the pleural sheets, fibrinous patches and/or accumulation of pleural effusions. Symptoms lie in the form of an ailment.
Infectious pleurisy is most common. A great role is played by the mechanism of development of pathology and sensitization of the organism. Microbes and their toxins cause changes in the reactivity of the organism and allergic pleurisy. The immune system begins to “encourage” until the middle of the inflammation of the antibody's vibration, so, when combined with antigens, add to the histamine's vibration.
Close to 70% of pathology forms are associated with bacterial agents:
- Streptococci;
- Pneumococcus;
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
- Anaerobi;
- Mushrooms;
- Legionella;
- Tuberculosis.
The causes of non-infectious pleurisy are legen:
- evil swells of pleural leaves,
- metastasis to the pleura (with cancer of the mammary gland, legend and in.),
- damage to healthy tissues of a diffuse nature (systemic vasculitis, scleroderma, systemic dwarf vulgaris),
- lung infarction.
Chi contagious pleurisy? Schob unequivocally vydpovisti on tse pitannya, treba know the cause of blame for the pleurisy itself. Since suffering is associated with a chest injury, then, of course, such pleurisy is not contagious. In case of viral etiology, it can be highly contagious, although the level of contagiousness is not high.
Symptoms of pleurisy legenitis
Patients often miss the ear of pleurisy, and the symptoms are similar to those of a severe cold. However, the signs of this pathology are still observed in other respiratory diseases. It is known that signs of different types of pleurisy are also different.
Naipershoy and obvious sign of pleurisy legen є:
- Severe, swidkolinny, hospitable pain in the breasts, often only on one leg, with deep breath, cough, shifting, wheezing or rozmovy.
- If pleurisy occurs in singing places on legs, it can be seen in other parts of the body, such as shiya, the shoulder is alive.
- A painful breath often provokes a dry cough, which, with its blackness, strengthens the bіl.
The rapidity of the increase in symptoms also plays a great role:
- for acute periods of pleurisy injury, a typical dry clinical rash;
- for chubby and chronic forms - more calm ailments
How does pleurisy flow in people with a frail age? At the summer vіtsі, it is noted that there is a flare-up and a more complete rozmoktuvannya of the inflamed cavity.
| See pleurisy | Description of symptoms |
| dry | Dry pleurisy develops at the initial stage of the ignition of the pleurisy. Mostly at this stage of pathology, there are no infectious agents in the empty leg, and the change, which is blamed, is due to reactive radiation of blood-bearing and lymphatic vessels, as well as an allergic component.
|
| rotten | A purulent pleurisy can be established both in the case of an unmediated lesion of the pleura by infectious agents, and in the case of an independent abscess (or other accumulation of pus) legenia in the pleural emptiness.
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| exudative | In the period of accumulation of exudate, intense pain in the chest cavity is turbulent. Symptoms worsen with severe diarrhea, cough, ruch. Increasing dychal insufficiency is manifested by the blemish of skin curves, cyanosis of the mucous membranes, acrocyanosis. Typical development of compensatory tachycardia, decreased arterial pressure. |
| tuberculosis | The clinical picture of tuberculous pleurisy is different and closely related to the peculiarities of tubercular inflammation in the pleural effusion of the leg. In some ailments, at the same time with pleurisy, it is indicated that they show tuberculosis, especially primary (paraspecific reactions, specific bronchial damage). |
Stages
Inflamed pleurisy develops in the case of disease-causing microbes and develops in 3 stages: exudation, rotten water-creaming and dressing.
Exudate is the core that comes out of microvessels, that takes revenge on the great amount of protein and, as a rule, the form of blood elements. Accumulates in tissues and/or empty bodies when ignited.
1 stage
At the first stage, under the influx of the ailment, blood-bearing judges expand, the steps of their penetration move up, and the process of vibration of the heart increases.
2 stage
The stage of exudation step by step to pass at the stage of the establishment of rotten water cream. Tse vіdbuvaєtsya in the process of further development of pathology. On the pleural sheets, there are fibrin deposits, which are created by rubbing them with respiratory distress. It is not necessary to bring adhesions and intestines to the empty pleura until settled, which aggravates the normal exudate, which acquires a purulent character. The rot is formed by bacteria and products of their life.
3 stage pleurisy
At the third stage, the symptoms are progressively felt, ailments are either exacerbated, or they pass into a chronic form. Irrespective of those that the current symptoms of the disease smell and stop bothering the patients, the middle pathological processes develop step by step further.
complication
What is unsafe pleurisy legen? As soon as the scars (shvartivs) are settled, the okre blocks of the legenia are blocked, which will take a smaller fence more inhalation, afterward - an accelerated breath.
Launched forms of pleurisy can lead to the development of complications that are unsafe for health and life is complicated - adhesions of the pleurisy, damage to the macular circulation through pressure on the vessels with exudate, bronchopleural burrows.
Main complications of pleurisy:
- Purulent melting of the pleurisy (empiemu);
- Adhesions of pleural emptying - a legacy of exudative pleurisy;
- Leaf sweating; fibrosis;
- Decreased dichal excursion leg;
- Dikhalny, sertsevo-vascular insufficiency.
The prognosis for such complications is more serious: the lethality is 50%. Another great day to perish in the midst of summer and weakened people, small children.
Diagnostics
If the symptoms are manifested, then the next step is to go to the doctor: for the daily temperature - go to the long-term doctor-therapist; in case of an unstable self-perception of an associated infectious disease - in the case of a swedish helper
When looking around, half of the thoracic cage is sick in the act of breathing, you can shake the shoulder blades. When vislukhovuvanni legenija, there is even a characteristic sound of rubbing the pleura. Radiography with acute dry pleurisy does not give sufficient information. Laboratory analyzes characterize the main disease.
After that, as if the disease was diagnosed, the pleural effusion is taken, in order to restore it, as the motherland accumulates in the new one. Most often, the exudate is rotten, in the case of lonely vipads - blood. Children often develop a purulent form of the disease.
For the diagnosis of pleurisy, the following obstezhennia are used:
- looking around at that experience of the sick;
- clinical obstezhennya sick;
- radiological follow-up;
- blood test;
- analysis of pleural effusion;
- Microbiological research.
Pleurisy
As if you were diagnosed with "pleurisy of the leg", what is it, how to succumb to illness - to explain the doctor. In case of suspected pleurisy of legenitis, the symptoms are all clear, as it was carried out earlier, analyzed, and the patient is hospitalized.
Looking at the type of illness, prescribed medications are prescribed, which help to reduce inflammation and change symptoms. Ale, it is necessary not only to drink piguki: it is necessary to eat properly, to be physically fit, to restore the body.
Medicamentous treatment to lie down due to the cause of pleurisy legenia, and itself:
- If the ailment is caused by pneumonia or hostile bronchitis, then it is necessary to treat it with antibiotics;
- Tuberculosis will require a special treatment.
- Pain in pleural effusion is treated with acetaminophen or anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen.
The type of drug to be deposited in the cause of illness. If it has an infectious nature - antibiotics are vicorous, if allergic - anti-allergic preparations.
In the early stage of fibrinous pleurisy of the leg, it is recommended to drink alcohol compresses that heat up, electrophoresis with calcium chloride.
When treating exudative pleurisy, physiotherapy is carried out at the stage of resolution (removal of exudate) with the method of accelerating the development of exudate, changing pleural adhesions.
In case of hospitalization, we prescribe ailments for heating the breasts with infrared exchanges, ultraviolet examination of the chest, and appropriate applications of paraffin. After the calming of acute inflammation - electrophoresis of calcium and iodine. A month later, after dressing, water procedures, exercise therapy, manual and vibration massage are indicated.
Patients need to take balanced eating and living a large amount of motherland. Also, the patient is prescribed a special diet, which is based on rich vitamins and proteins.
After the discharge from the medical clinic, we need to do the dyhal gymnastics, I am recognized as the doctor of the renewal of the full-time activity of the leg. It is shown the worldly physical adventure, the three-way walks in the fresh air, even the most beautiful yoga. Especially cordially dressed in a coniferous fox.
How to exult pleurisy with folk remedies
It is important to understand that it is not possible to excite pleurisy with only folk remedies, shards of illness can quickly progress and lead to dichal insufficiency and suppuration of the veil.
The treatment of pleurisy of legends by folk remedies is used in stosuvanni compresses and infused infusions, infusions, tinctures.
- In case of pleurisy, buryakovy sik helps. Yogo vychavlyuyut zі fresh root crop, zmіshuyut іz honey. For 100 g of juice, 2 tablespoons of honey are required. Accept zasіb dvіchі on the day after you go. It is necessary to prepare a fresh portion, it is not necessary to store a warehouse.
- Try the exuberant pleurisy of infusions of such herbs as: mint, cudweed, mati-and-motherwort take according to the curse three times a day.
- Boil root (0.5 tsp) and rhizomes (0.5 tsp) of Caucasian hellebore in 0.5 l of water, so that after boiling, a bottle of redini came out. Take 0.5 year. l. three for a day. Vіdvar corisny for treating pleurisy, tuberculosis, heart failure.
- Honey and sik tsibuli zmіshuymo in equal portions (you can take sik black radish instead) one tablespoon of dvіchі per day for pleurisy.
- Nastiy leaf plantain great chi zvichayny. On pіvlіtra okrop add 2 tbsp. l. dried roslin. Motherland is filtered and drunk with heat, 100-120 ml 4 times per doba. Drink a little, carry a conspiracy and antibacterial character.
Prevention
It is even simpler: it is necessary to adequately treat the first infectious disease, take care of eating, exercise physical courage with a cold sore, do not overheat and do not give in to supernatural cooling.
Remember that pleurisy is a legacy of another illness. Do not interrupt your glee at pivdorosis through banal nights, or marriage for an hour and a day, try to unique situations, as they can provoke an infectious infection.
Vipotny pleurisy is dispersed, if the pleurisy accumulates between the pleura sheets, and it is dry. For the flow of wines, we can be hospitable and chronic.
Pleurisy rarely manifests itself. The most common culprit is the aggravation of the leg, the walls of the chest, the diaphragm and other types of organs.
Cause pleurisy
In most cases, there is pleurisy and aggravation of the leg or pneumonia. Vin can be caused by disease-causing bacteria, viruses, fungi. Vіdomi vipadki, if zbudniks were sick with helminths. Rarely pleurisy and complication of syphilis, typhoid fever and other infections.
Also, inflammation of the pleura can develop with malignant puffiness in the chest, systemic red dog, systemic scleroderma, leukemia, pancreatitis. Whom has a development of illness due to infection.
Symptoms of pleurisy
Illness is repaired severely step by step. Blame the bіl at the breasts, scho suffice for an hour of deep breaths, physical work, nahilіv ubіk. If you lay down on an ailment, then you would change for the rahunok of the one that the upper side of the chest is less fluffy for an hour of breathing.
The burning camp of the ailing is being destroyed: weakness is evident, stubbornness is visible. Body temperature rises, as a rule, in the evenings. Vinikaє aches and drifts.
Often, dry pleurisy is blamed on the back, and sometimes the motherland accumulates between the pleura sheets. When tsomu bіl at the breasts step by step, we become dull. Blame it on the heaviness, cough. In a deaky hour, I can be strong again. There is a backside, it looks like the next time, we’ll hurry up the gasp. A skin of disguise, brushes and feet of a cyanotic eye.
What can you rob?
In case of guilty symptoms of pleurisy, it is necessary to go to a general practitioner or a pulmonologist to conduct an obstezhennia and treatment.
So the doctor varto is seen by people who, for a long time, are turbulent in their chests, there is a slight increase in body temperature in the evenings, cough, buttocks. When you have it on your hands, you need the result of fluorography, which lasts for 6-12 months.
What can you do?
After looking at the doctor, they prescribe obstezhennia, which includes chest x-ray. In case of severe pleurisy, a pleural puncture is prescribed: a special needle is inserted in the chest cavity, for help, the motherland is removed and taken to the laboratory.
As a rule, patients with severe pleurisy are hospitalized to the hospital. Dry pleurisy can be enjoyed at home. Inflammation of the pleurisy of tubercular disease is enjoyed in specialized phthisiatric clinics.
The main direct treatment for infectious pleurisy is antibiotics, or antifungal drugs. Therapy of non-infectious pleurisy to fall due to the cause of illness. Anti-spasmodic, antipyretic, analgesic drugs are prescribed.
With severe pleurisy, the doctor recommends a special diet to patients. She is guilty of buti bagata for proteins and vitamins, especially. At the hospital, there may be signs of lіkuvalnі puncture of the thorax, for an hour they remove the motherland, and by the same token, they relieve their butt and relieve the illness.
Empyem pleurisy
Empієm pleurisy is called purulent pleurisy. Illness is characterized by accumulation of pus between pleural sheets and manifests itself in severe pain in the chest, buttocks, cough. The temperature of the body is greatly increased, the burning mill is getting hotter.
The exaltation of the pleurisy is observed at the surgical hospital. Prescribe antibiotics internally. Rob a puncture at the wall of the chest, install drainage in the opening, through some kind of rot. Under the hour of puncture, antibiotics should be injected into the empty chest.
Forecast
The prognosis for non-purulent pleurisy will always lie in the main ailment. Inflammation of the pleurisy does not show the result.
With empієm, the prognosis is more serious. A purulent infection can lead to serious complications. After suppuration on the pleura, scars and adhesions can be lost, which surround the ruhi of the legeni, which lead to destruction of the respiratory system.
Prevention of pleurisy
Prevention of inflammation of the pleurisy transmits its own blissful illness, which can lead to aggravation.