In early childhood, the constraint of children tends to feed often, especially when they are uneasy. The child’s still weak immune system will require improvement.
Therefore, in order to avoid sickness, inflammation and damage that can weaken the body’s dry functions, regular tests are carried out: blood, feces.
Coprogram in children - One of the types of regular follow-up, which involves the collection of stool samples and their decoding by laboratory spy specialists:
How long does it take for the result to be ready?
The standard procedure, like a coprogram for stool, takes a little more than 2 days. If you doubt it, it will take doctors more than an hour, about 6 days, to treat the given data.
To obtain a reliable and accurate result using coprograms, make preparations before collecting the material in advance. Be sure to check with your doctor for the purpose and adhere to his recommendations.
Submitting stool for analysis requires a few rules before the procedure:
- it is forbidden to carry out cleansing and medicinal enemas;
- you cannot take medications that can change the color of the material;
- Do not introduce liquids into the intestines like candles.
For several days it will be possible to surround the baby in hedgehogs. A newborn baby, of course, is not aware of them because their diet becomes deprived of milk.
Older children are obligated to follow the instructions that allow the intake of products:
- boiled meat;
- black bread;
- dairy products;
- oat porridge;
- boiled eggs;
- sour cabbage;
- potatoes
In this case, the number of calories taken for extra calories should not exceed 2400 – 3000. Switch to a meal that delivers intake even 5 times a day. Before collecting the material and performing coprograms on children, it is important not to bathe the baby. For normal healthy indicators, the result will be ready on the 2nd day.
Decoding Kalu Nemovlya
Who is to blame but the result is normal. All to be left in a quilted state. The reason for this is the difference in food intake and activity, as well as immunity.
What does the deciphering of coprograms from the uncontrollable children show:
- About `em. The thickness is visible for up to 50 g;
- consistency. Redka, knitting;
- color During breastfeeding - yellow, light yellow, golden, light brown. The child in the one-piece bath has a light brown color;
- smell. In the case of a cat on a milk diet, it is sour; on a mixed diet, it is rotten;
- Rhubarb pH. Acidity indicators range from 48 to 75;
- stercobilin, bilirubin – present;
- no ammonia detected;
- detritus. The norm of size;
- fibers: meat, semi-fabric. Minimal duty;
- daily starch;
- Cellulose of the dew plant. The process of etching occurs in the body. Buti is not present;
- fatty acids. Not much;
- sweetheart. Rare seizures in non-cats;
- leukocytes. Showcases alone.
If parents have any doubts, they can consult a pediatrician and clarify that all signs are normal.
Coprogram deciphering in children
In children of the same fate, who are already old enough to eat hard hedgehogs, the result and decoding differs from the data taken from newborns.
Coprogram of stool in a young child:
- Dova norm – 100-250 g;
- cal registrations;
- brown color;
- fecal smell;
- pH. Acidity may exceed 7.5;
- mucus, blood, waste protein - not visible;
- stercobilin. Additional indicator – 75-150 milligrams;
- There is no bilerubin;
- ammonia Dispense 1 kg – 20-40 mmol;
- fibers: spun fabric, meat. Chi do not appear;
- starch, red fiber, neutral fat, fatty acids;
- sweetheart. Thinness – small;
- leukocytes. Alone attacks.
The deciphering of the coprograms of the kalu is more approximate. Possible recovery from these schemes does not at all mean that the child is in poor health. The results can be explained by a child's doctor.
Thickness and consistency of stool
Newly born babies can produce around 20 grams of feces, babies from 6 months to one year can produce 100 grams to 250 grams. The growth of defecation depends on the intensity of growth, as well as the change in food intake, the transition to normal adulthood.
Other reasons for the caloric content of stool to increase:
- pancreatitis;
- the work of the herbal system is incorrect;
- discord of the shlunku. Diarrhea;
- problems from the sights of women.
What does normal feces look like?
The wine is rare, viscous, in which only milk survives. The design most clearly shows that the baby has switched to solid urchin.
The color of the stool and its smell
The brown color that is common to all is considered normal in adults. However, they do not speak and small children do not respond to this data.
What to talk about the color of a child’s stool. How to understand what needs to be done if you change:
- black Possibly this is a sign of bleeding in the scolio-intestinal tract;
- brown. Indicates colitis, constipation, living protein, hedgehogs;
- chervony. With mid-term urination of the shlunka;
- greenery Children's food from instead of vegetable ingredients;
- light yellow. During the milk years;
- white stolec. Problems with the liver, 12-toed intestine, eating.
Often in a child's life, one can be careful not to radically change the color from yellow to golden color. In this case, it is important to pay attention to the baby’s food, especially for babies in a one-year-old bath with additives.
Since everything is in order with the diet, and the color you see does not change, go straight to the pediatrician for quilting.
pH of stool
How to decipher the pH indicator:
- up to 5.5. The heart is sour, intolerance to dairy products. The body's reaction to lactose intake;
- 5.6 - 6.8. The need for closure of the small intestine;
- 7.8 - 8. Weak intestines;
- 8.1 - 8.5. Colitis, constipation,
- over 8.5. Damage to the herbal system and dyspepsia. Crosses the meadow.
A breastfed baby who takes in too many carbohydrates may experience fermentation in the stomach. The pH result may show a symbol and a value of 6.8. And here bacteria live in the body. The stench leads to the growth of a sour midden.
Feces and mucus
In healthy children, fertilization may occur at the same time, without a home. In infants, a slight degree of viscosity is allowed.
If the baby is more than one month old, then mucus in kali may show:
- infectious diseases;
- hemorrhoids;
- the body's reaction to dairy products;
- hemorrhoids;
- intestinal dysfunction;
- polypi.
There is still a great number of illnesses that can be caused to resolve the mucus in the empty one. For further analysis, additional analyzes are carried out, and diagnostics are carried out based on specific symptoms.
Kali's shelter
The appearance of a small number of blood cells in the baby's eyes may alert the fathers. This sign is very dangerous for the child.
The shelter of Kalya can also indicate illness:
- on the toilet paper. There is a clear sign of hemorrhoids or cracks in the area of the anal opening;
- veins in defecation. Symptoms of viral colitis, rectal cancer, Crohn's disease;
- blood and mucus. Indicates proctitis, polyps, swellings;
- a rare stolet with blood. Infection in the intestines.
Coprogram is a necessary procedure. In addition, other tests for the diagnosis of possible concomitant illnesses will be accepted.
What is stercobilin and bilirubin: norm and cure
Bacterial formation of intestinal microflora is observed in children under 3 months. Whose feces have no fermentation, so there is only bilerubin.
Stercobilin - an enzyme that gives the natural brown color. Wine is created from fat and is the result of the processing of white rubin. Only after 9 months, the baby’s intestinal microflora is completely formed, which means that the result of coprogramming in the stool shows only stercobilin.
If a baby has bilirubin at 10 months:
- dysbacteriosis;
- the intestinal robot was accelerated;
- disruption of metabolism;
- hepatitis;
- stones on the yellow roads;
- inflammation of lymph nodes;
- the functioning of the spleen is abnormal.
All folding will be indicated during the hour of fastening. You need to stay away from the bath.
Fiber in potassium
The result of coprograms in a child, who excretes only breast milk and sumisha into her skin, does not show any meat or fatty fibers. Stinks are guarded against in frequent episodes after the fate of life in children, as the products of food survive and remove sufficient protein content.
How fibers are visualized:
- gastritis;
- pancreatitis;
- the work of the subslot is incorrect;
- diarrhea;
- dyspepsia;
- ahilia.
In storage, defecation may result in excess cartilage not being poisoned. This is not a change from the norm and is not seen as destruction.
Protein in potassium
The presence of an inadmissible protein should not appear as a result of coprograms.
What does the protein indicate in the coprogram:
- ignition process of organ etching;
- colitis Virazkoviy;
- dyspepsia. Rotten;
- Celiac disease.
The report is deciphered by a pediatrician. We will establish the reasons for the appearance of protein in stool.
Krokhmal
It is absorbed into the baby’s body simultaneously with food. Before them lie cereals, vegetables, fruits. The starch is quickly splintering, and there is no need to visualize it.
In some cases, starch appears in the coprogram:
- gastritis;
- the function of intestinal vision is accelerated;
- pancreatitis;
- dyspepsia. Fermentation form;
- diarrhea.
It is important not to forget about the pickling system and the reasons why starch cannot be completely broken down.
Roslyn cellulose is not poisoned
This type of cell itself can often be identified. Overhauled throughout the day.
Reasons for avoiding unpoisoned raspberry cellulose:
- pancreatitis;
- great instead of raspberries in the diet;
- colitis ulcers;
- damaged etching;
- dyspepsia. Rotten.
Requires additional diagnostics.
Neutral fats and fatty acids: indicators
These products of poisoning of hedgehogs, which may be included in the results of coprograms.
Their insignificant quantity indicates a disruption of the scolio-intestinal tract:
- dysfunction of the sublingual gland;
- there is insufficient vibrancy of the animal;
- dyspepsia. Brodilna.
And here additional research is necessary.
Mila in Kali with the invisible and little child
They are found more often in fish, fragments of unpoisoned excess fatty acids found in dairy products.
How do older children avoid stench?
- dysfunction of the sublingual gland;
- insufficient moisturizing of the intestines;
- dyspepsia. Form - fermentable;
- Zhovchnokam'yana twig;
- problems with the work of zhovchi
The need to seal the liver and explain the reasons for its failure.
Leukocytes
If the analysis reveals more than 10 units of leukocytes, it is necessary to carry out additional diagnostics.
Here you can see that there is an ignition process in the scili-intestinal tract:
Diagnosis of accompanying signs and possible illnesses is carried out only under the supervision of a pediatrician. Summer is the most favorable period for the appearance of infestations; therefore, an analysis for worms will be required.
Dyakuyu
The site provides preliminary information for information purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of illness must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. All medications may be contraindicated. Consultation with a medical professional!
Scatological stool analysis It is a method of investigation, which allows one to obtain informative data about the nature of pathological changes in the organs of the gut-intestinal tract, and especially about the functional state of the rectum. The essence of the analysis lies in the macroscopic assessment of the physical and chemical properties of feces, microscopic and chemical follow-up material.Preparation before the analysis
This analysis does not require the patient to have special training. Before examination, it is not recommended to take medications that affect intestinal peristalsis or salivation medications. for anemia), barium, bismuth, various speeches, so that you can drink barvniki. Before the analysis, you cannot use enemas, take Vaseline or castor oil, or use candles. In Kalya it is not the fault of third parties, for example, cutting.Rules for collecting feces
Fresh feces are placed in a special disposable container or a boiled jar. On this same day, the material is sent to the laboratory for further investigation, preserving the remainder until a change in physico-chemical authorities is made, which could cause the results of the analysis to be compromised. The main indicators that are monitored during scatological analysis
Consistency
- Indicates that water, fat and mucus are present in feces. The normal level of potassium in a healthy person is around 80%. The volume of water increases sharply with diarrhea ( carry), reaching 95%, and decreases with constipation to 70 – 65%. The secretion of mucus in the thick part of the intestines is increased and the consistency of stool changes, the smell becomes rare. And the axis of movement, instead of fat, gives the stool a dough-like consistency. In an adult human, feces are normally of a thick consistency and shape, but in non-matures, however, they are viscous and sticky. - The thickness and shape of the stool is not only normal, but also in pathologies associated with defects in the processes of screw etching
- Pasty-like stool occurs when the secretory function of the subglottic gland is impaired and when there is insufficient or complete absence of the urinary tract
- Instead, oily cauliflower mass is characteristic of increased fat production ( steatorrhea), associated with the destruction of the yogurt in the intestines
- Rare stool can be avoided in case of damage to the small intestine ( accelerated evacuation of feces, enteritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine) and in the large intestine ( increased secretory function, colitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine)
- mushy fluffy stump characteristic of chronic enteritis, colitis, which is accompanied by diarrhea, with accelerated evacuation of the colon and fermentative dyspepsia
- Foamy and viscous stool occurs with fermentative colitis, varicose colon syndrome, which is accompanied by partial bowel movements before defecation.
- solids and emptied string-like shapes become constricted in spastic and other types of constipation, hemorrhoids, swelling in large intestines.
- a hard stump of a spiral shape or in the form of small balls specific for constipation
Quantity
– in normal minds, with a balanced diet, healthy adults see 100 to 200 g of feces per day, infants – no more than 70 – 90 g. in the diet of vegetables, hedgehogs are accompanied by an increase, and Protein hedgehogs - reduced quantity and emptying.
- less than 100 g per dose – specific for constipation of various etiologies
- more than 200 g per dose - in case of insufficient or complete supply of food, damaged poisoning of food in the small intestine, accelerated evacuation of the intestine, inflamed mucous membrane of the intestine intestines
- up to 1 kg or more - due to the lack of subsluice tissue.
- white color – characteristic of blockage of the gastrointestinal duct
- series or light yellow color - becomes thicker in case of pathologies of the subcutaneous lining
- Yellow color – accompanying pathologies associated with impaired intestinal motility and poisoning processes that occur in the small intestine
- red color - occurs when the mucous membrane of the colon is inflamed, which is accompanied by swelling of its wall
- light brown color – indicates the Swede is evacuating instead of colon
- weak odor - occurs with complicated herbal reactions that occur in the large intestine, all types of constipation, increased intestinal evacuation.
- mild odor - accompanies viral colitis
- sour smell - may result from fermentative dyspepsia due to the increased formation of volatile acids, such as otic butyric acid.
- the smell of oliic acid - talk about the disruption of the moisturizing processes of the small intestine and about the accelerated evacuation of it instead
- putrid odor - caused by damaged herbal processes in the gut, dyspeptic complaints, lack of intestinal motility, nonspecific virucosis colitis.
- stinking odor - specific for the disruption of the functional capacity of the subsilicon gland, the presence of transfer of meat into the grass tract, as well as for increased secretion of the large intestine
Reaction-pH
- Normally, in a healthy adult, the stool reaction is neutral and ranges from 6.8 to 7.6. In the wild, the reaction to feces is sour, due to the peculiarities of the food of children of this century.
- weak reaction – results in seizures if the poisoning process in the small intestine is disrupted
- necessary reaction - for all types of constipation, nonspecific viral colitis, damaged overpoisoning of the vulgaris, lack of secretory function of the subslunt, increased secretion in the vulva added to the intestines.
- loose middle – power over dyspeptic symptoms that have a rotten character
- sour stomach - caused by insufficient absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine
- sharply sour middle - beware in case of dyspeptic symptoms, which are fermentative in nature and lead to the dissolution of fermentative acids and carbon dioxide
- gastritis, sclera viraca, sclanca carcinoma
- igniter ( duodenitis), virus or duodenal cancer
- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine ( enteritis)
- Diseases of the large intestine: virulent, putrid and fermentative colitis, polyps, dysbacteriosis, cancer, etc.
- pathologies of the rectum: proctitis, hemorrhoidal lesions, rectal fissure, cancer
- bleeding, which is similar to any part of the herbal system, including oral waste
- viraca schluca and duodenum
- hemorrhagic diathesis
- polyps
- hemorrhoidal solutions
- Changes in place of stercobilin in feces are avoided in case of hepatitis that affects the liver parenchyma, acute pancreatitis, cholangitis.
- Displacement instead of stercobilin is detected in anemia of hemolytic gait
- increased intestinal motility
- important forms of dysbacteriosis, caused by troubling antibiotics and sulfonamides
Slime - Light or barless in appearance, jelly-like consistency, which has a watery or draggy character. Є drying factor of the intestine from various substances, for example, acids and meadows. In the colon, mucus is mixed with feces, turning into one substance. The presence of mucus in the stool, as well as excrement, indicates an infectious process that occurs in the intestines.
Leukocytes
- The norm is daily. They occur during inflammatory processes that occur in the colon:
- tuberculosis of the colon
The high number of leukocytes and the presence of mucus in the stool indicate the development of a pararectal abscess in the intestinal lumen.
Meat fibers - In healthy people, potassium appears in an insignificant amount or during the day. Their presence in stool indicates the following pathologies:
- damaged recovery
- disruption of herbal processes that occur in the small intestine
- nonspecific virazkovic colitis
- increased secretion in the large intestine
- dyspepsia
- all types of constipation
- accelerated evacuation of the intestinal tract
Neutral fat - Normally, there are only small spots in the appearance of emptying children who are on breastfeeding. Neutral fat in stool appears in the following cases:
- insufficiency of the secretory function of the subglottic gland
- damaged recovery
- damaged recovery
- disruption of the processes of poisoning of hedgehogs in the small intestine
- accelerated evacuation of the small intestine
Excess unprocessed hedgehogs indicate the accelerated evacuation of grub mass or the presence of hydrochloric acid in the shell juice.
Starch, cellulose and iodophilic flora are poisoned - Appears during advanced illnesses:
- disruption of herbal processes that flow through the schluk
- fermentative and putrid dyspepsia
- insufficiency of the secretory function of the subglottic gland
- disruption of the processes of poisoning of hedgehogs in the small intestine
- accelerated evacuation instead of the rectum
- nonspecific virazkovic colitis
Crystal Charcot-Leyden - are detected in feces in cases of guilty amoebic dysentery, as well as helminthic infestation or
One of the informative methods for monitoring the work of the gut-intestinal tract is monitoring stool masses. With this method, a coprogram is generated - a ceremonial analysis of stool. Throughout the entire herbal system, the components of hedgehogs are subject to sampling of various types - from mechanical in the empty mouth (chewing) to chemical and enzymatic in the gut and intestines. Feces, in fact, are the final result of this process, so that the authorities can judge the work and functionality of almost all parts of the gut-intestinal tract.
Another important value of such research is the fact that the herbal system is in close proximity to other organs and tissues of the human body. Zocrema, the large intestine, is part of the visual system, and at the same time, with feces, the body is deprived of harmless and toxic substances. In addition, the efficiency of the intestines is also interconnected with the body’s vitality. Therefore, within the framework of a comprehensive stool analysis, one can independently judge a lot of problems and pathological conditions that can develop in the human body.
This laboratory investigation can be divided into two parts – external stool analysis and microscopic investigation and coprogram. The first part includes indicators such as thickness, smell, color, consistency, appearance of the structure, etc. The coprogram is subject to the same criteria that can be detected during microscopic examination of stool - the presence of biological fibers, tissues, crystals of salts and acids and much more. However, in our time, between these two meanings have been erased and externally, and a richly sided investigation of fecal masses is called both a ceremonial analysis of feces and the designated coprograms.
When examining stool oils, the doctor may be able to assess the effectiveness of the herbal system - these factors themselves may lead to low indicators of stool analysis and coprograms. However, no less, and in some cases there will be a greater influx on the power of excrement in the diet of people. Therefore, when analyzing to reduce the distortion of results based on the particularity of human beings, two methods are used:
- When submitting material for investigation, the doctor carefully drinks the person and fixes the food products that live in the remaining two or three doses. This is for correcting the results of stool analysis and adjusting the diet of the person. The technique has a high level of inaccuracy and is rarely tested - most often when it is necessary to follow up on the terminology indications (for example, to identify the cause of an intestinal infection);
- For the planned release of stool, the doctor instructs people to continue their diet for about 4-7 days before the analysis.
This diet prohibits the inclusion of dairy products, vegetable purees and cereals before the diet. Contaminated and important ingredients can significantly interfere with the results of the investigation. In addition, products with a high content of red cellulose - cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes, beet - are fertilized. The cellulose of these vegetables stimulates peristalsis of the small intestine and changes the consistency of feces.
For a number of seizures, the doctor may recommend a special strict diet with a clear outline of the diet and eating routine. For example, Schmidt’s child has the following characteristics:
- Calorie content: 2250 kcal;
- P'yatirazovo tavern;
- The required quantity of products is no less than 1500 ml of milk, 40 g of cereal, 200 g of mashed potatoes, two boiled eggs, 150 g of meat, no more than 20 g of white bread.
This type of diet should be gentle on the intestinal tract and ensure high accuracy of scatological investigation. Another equally popular diet - the Pevsner diet - transfers the testing of the herbal system to high importance:
- Calorie content is not limited;
- P'yatirazovo tavern;
- The required quantity of products is not less than 250 g of greased meat, 400 g of bread, 40 g of zucchini, an uncut quantity of mashed potatoes.
A diet of this kind allows you to identify the occurrence and pathology of the intestinal tract, prote, on the other hand, such a diet can relieve severe illness. For these reasons, you may decide to take this diet before the stool test.
In addition to maintaining a healthy diet, people may consider using any medicinal treatments that will affect the peristalsis of the intestines and the power of excrement. Nyiblsh Rosumem, the course of the Priyamoma Lіkіv lіkіv, the lines about the Medich Fakhivtsu, Yaki Ottsiynichi, the Nariga Skoriguyg, analiziv zhekhuvannyas of the thus's zyago preparation.
Collection of material for analysis and methodology for its implementation
When selecting songs, it is important to follow the following rules:
- First of all, the act of defecation may occur naturally without the use of enemas, pharmaceutical preparations (carrying agents) and other methods of accelerating this physiological process.
- Alternatively, it is best to carry out the act of defecation in a special vessel, collecting samples for analysis immediately afterward. For this purpose, a small amount of feces (approximately 30 g) is placed in a sterile container and covered with a lid.
- Thirdly, it is important to deliver the sample to the laboratory as soon as possible, since the power of feces begins to change rapidly immediately after it is over.
Decoding the analysis results
In the laboratory, the eyes are removed and subjected to rigorous and comprehensive testing. Zagalom, the deciphering of coprograms is divided into three parts - organoleptic and macroscopic investigation, biochemical investigation and microscopic investigation of the influence of coprograms. Based on all these methods, a picture of the powers of the feces emerges, which represents the processes that occur in the middle of the scolio-intestinal tract.
Macroscopic (organoleptic) investigation
– this is one of the signs of coprogry, which is determined not in the laboratory (where only a small amount of feces is delivered), but immediately before the collection of the material or according to the patient’s words. The amount of stool that can be deposited in many people is due to the particular diet of the person, the frequency of bowel movements, intestinal motility, the acidity of the pouch and much more. The normal volume of stool in a healthy person is 60 to 250 grams per serving.
– this display reflects the relationship between the country and dry rivers in stool masses. Add cream of water to the mixture of fats, biological fibers and other physiological and pathological components of feces. The main priority is to arrange the stool in the work of the colon, liver and large intestine.
It appears that the new one has chewing pigments, which give it a very brown color. Changing a number of pigments causes a change in the value of this indicator. In addition, various households (blood, hydrochloric acid hematin) or the use of various food products can be mixed into the color of stool.
The excrement is largely due to bacteria in the colon, which break down certain types of stinking gases (indole, skatole and others). A sharp change in the smell of feces indicates damage associated with bacterial flora.
For their duties, they are responsible for being in the daily potassium of a healthy person. It is obvious that we are talking about an obvious and acute pathological process that will require extraordinary treatment.
Biochemical research
Fecal matter is normally neutral. A change in this indicator means the presence in acidic excrement, as well as the appearance of the main substances that are created in the intestinal tract during a number of illnesses and pathological processes.
– this is a product of oxidation of bilirubin – a chewing pigment that is created during the breakdown of hemoglobin. The wine itself is characterized by fermented stool. The quantity of this pigment reflects the work of the liver and large intestine.
– bleeding in the scutulo-intestinal tract may be relatively small, and may result from the presence of a defect in the veins in the lower parts of the intestine – the stool – the feces, when mixed, may smell like blood. Therefore, a biochemical reaction to shelter is generated, which makes it possible to detect the presence of other bleeding in the herbal system.
– proteins are the main proteins of living substances, so all the different proteins in the intestinal tract are subject to breakdown. Its presence in potassium is a sign of intestinal pathology.
Microscopic investigation
- The smell is the main component of meat urchin, which may be completely transferred to the gut and small intestine, and only a few smooth ulcer fibers can be found in the feces.
– also every day in the feces of a healthy person, in case of low pathology of the subglottic gland and small intestine, a large amount of fat can be seen in the feces.
– є crystals of salts of fatty acids. Rarely do they occur, which usually leads to the appearance of fat and fatty acids in feces.
With more brown component of stool, less wasteful. It is not over-etched and its fibers are formed into a kind of “reinforcement”, on which the stool designs are then created. However, large quantities of algae cells stimulate the mucous membrane of the colon and promote peristalsis.
– similar in structure to cellulose, the protein is completely etched in the scolio-intestinal tract. Its presence in feces can be a symptom of a very serious illness.
It is represented by microorganisms that, when in contact with Lugol's soil, develop a dark and almost black color. In a healthy person, the volume of the large intestine is negligible and the stench is not detectable in a stool test. However, when pathological processes are low, which are accompanied by changes in the activity of bark microflora, iodophilic bacteria themselves take their place.
(erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelium) in fecal masses exist in a single bone. All stench is absorbed from the colon, fragments of tissue that have penetrated into the lumen of the small intestine are broken down by herbal enzymes.
The study of fecal matter provides detailed information about the functional state of the scutulo-intestinal tract, including the small intestine. This branch of the herbal system is considered to be the most accessible for most laboratory diagnostic methods. Also, the effectiveness of the work of the large intestine can be easily determined by the power of the stool. Therefore, the coprogram is actively being used against modern medicine.
| Vіk ta view of the year | ||||
| Indicators of analysis | Infant bath | Piece-made | Children of the older age | mature |
| Quantity | 40-50 g/double. | 30-40 g/double. | 100-250 g/dobe. | 100-250 g/dobe. |
| Consistency | sticky, viscous (mushy) | putty-like consistency | Registrations | Registrations |
| Kolir | zhovtiy, golden-zhovtiy, zhovto-green | tan | brown | brown |
| Smell | acidic | rotten | Calovy, not harsh | Calovy, not harsh |
| Acidity (rn) | 4,8-5,8 | 6,8-7,5 | 7,0-7,5 | 7,0-7,5 |
| Slime | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday | |
| Shelter | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday |
| Rose protein | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday |
| Stercobilin | present | present | 75-350 mg/day. | 75-350 mg/day. |
| Bilirubin | present | present | Weekday | Weekday |
| Amiak | 20-40 mmol/kg | 20-40 mmol/kg | ||
| Detritus | Rise quantity | Rise quantity | Rise quantity | Rise quantity |
| Meat fibers | Small quantity or day | Weekday | Weekday | |
| Composite fibers | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday |
| Krokhmal | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday |
| Roslinna cellulose (overcooked) | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday | Weekday |
| Neutral fat | Kraplі | Small quantity | Weekday | Weekday |
| Fatty acids | Crystals in small quantity | Weekday | Weekday | |
| Mila | In small quantity | In small quantity | Insignificant quantity | Insignificant quantity |
| Leukocytes | single | single | alone at the drug | alone at the drug |
Quantity.
The volume of stool can be estimated from the patient’s words. The normal amount for a meal is 100-200 rubles of feces, depending on the structure of the food (protein hedgehogs change the volume of feces, and raspberries increase them). A change in the quantity of stool is associated with constipation. More than normal is seen in seizures:
- damaged recovery
- accelerated evacuation of feces from the small and large intestines;
- damage to the poisoning of hedgehogs in the small intestine (fire processes, fermentation and putrefactive dyspepsia)
- inflammatory diseases of the intestines (including colitis from bowel movements, colitis from viral illness)
- insufficiency of the subduct (up to 1 kg of feces per meal can be seen).
Consistency of stool.
The consistency of stool is determined by water, fat and mucus. With normal emptying of water, the amount of water reaches 80-85%, with constipation it decreases to 70%. For diarrhea, mix stool with up to 95% water. Burning processes in the large intestine and movement instead of mucus give the stool a rare consistency. A large amount of unsplit fats is present in the feces as ointment-like or dough-like.
The norm is the highest calorie design.
Ointment-like stool is formed when the secretory activity of the subglottic gland is impaired, when the drainage to the large intestine is poor.
Rare feces characterize a lack of poisoning in the small intestine (enteritis, accelerated evacuation) and large intestine (colitis with infection, rotten colon, or increased secretory activity)
Mushy stool characteristic of accelerated evacuation from the colon; colitis, which is accompanied by carry-over; chronic enteritis.
Feces in the form of large balls of stool settle with constipation.
String feces are formed during sphincter spasms, hemorrhoidal nodes, and swelling of the sigmoid or rectum.
Smell of feces. The breakdown of proteins is the cause of the characteristic smell of feces. In case of sickness, the herbal tract can be called a change in smell.
A change in the characteristic odor (even to the point of permanent dissipation) occurs with constipation through the infusion of aromatic substances and the administration of antibiotics; with accelerated evacuation of the intestines.
A stinking odor (burnt oil) characterizes the impaired secretion of the subcutaneous gland, making it difficult for the gland to enter the intestines. In this case, fat and fatty acids are decomposed, most importantly, with the help of the activity of bacteria.
A putrid smell (sweet water) occurs with virulent colitis, insufficient slurry etching, fermentation dyspepsia (an etching disorder, which is characterized by bloating, grumbling and transfusion in the intestines, due to heaviness, attack pain). chuttami).
A sour smell develops with fermentative dyspepsia.
Color kalu. The color of feces is normally brown, and it is believed that stercobilin, the end product of the breakdown of bilirubin, is present in feces. The food infuses the color of feces: meat urchin has a dark brown color, milk urchin has a less intense bark, and vegetables add a moist pigment.
Change the color for diseases of the scolio-intestinal tract:
- The dark brown color is characteristic of insufficient schulp etching, colitis due to constipation or swelling, for increased secretory function of the colon; appears with constipation and putrefactive dyspepsia (increased rotting processes in the colon and often in the small intestine).
- A light brown color appears during rapid evacuation from the large intestine.
- The red color is characteristic of colitis with varicose veins.
- The yellow color is due to a lack of overpoisoning in the small intestine and fermentative dyspepsia (a disorder of ingestion, which is characterized by bloating, rumblings and transfusions in the intestines, caused by a carbohydrate diet).
- A gray or light yellow color is characteristic of the insufficient activity of the subsoil plant.
- White color (clayey) with infectious liver disease, stagnation of the liver or permanently blocked ducts with gum disease or swelling.
- Black or tan-like color is a sign of intestinal bleeding.
Kalu reaction.
A neutral or mild stool reaction is considered normal. This reaction is consistent with the vitality factor of colon flora (pH 6.8-7.6).
Improvement of stool reaction under normal conditions:
- Luna reaction (pH 80-85) is characteristic of poor functioning of the gut and small intestine. Proteins in this type are susceptible to rotting due to the activation of the intestinal flora. As a result, ammonia and other necessary components are created.
- A hypercolonic reaction (pH greater than 8.5) is characteristic of putrefactive dyspepsia (intensified rotting processes in the large intestine) with colitis.
- The acid reaction (pH 5.5-6.7) is resolved when the absorption of fatty acids in the small intestine is disrupted.
- A strong acid reaction (pH less than 5.5) is avoided when carbonic acid and organic acids are added as a result of fermentation dyspepsia (an infestation disorder, which is characterized by bloating, rumblings and transfusions in the intestines, containing a carbohydrate diet yu). This results from the activation of fermentative flora (normal and pathological).
Slime in potassium
Slime-like mucus is released into the intestines for quicker evacuation of the hedgehog and less friction. Timing is no less, mucus is normally not detected in feces without a microscope, and the debris is mixed with feces. High volume of mucus indicates:
- Inflammation of the colon (colitis).
- Rotated bowel syndrome.
- Severe, infectious disease of the intestines (for example, dysentery, in which case the symptoms are multiple: pain, diarrhea and others).
Blood Kali. Normally, there is no blood in the stool. Blood visible to the naked eye (as blood has been collected) is an alarming symptom to watch out for:
- For acute colitis.
- In case of bleeding from any part of the scolial-intestinal tract, including virulence.
- For intestinal polyps.
- For hemorrhoids and varicose veins in the herbal tract.
- In case of malignant diseases in the scolio-intestinal tract.
Positive reaction to the adoption of shelter is due to the same reasons
Leftovers of non-poisoned hedgehogs
If properly prepared before collecting feces, the urchins are not poisoned and should not appear normally. If the cellulose is not poisoned, this may indicate a reduced acidity of the shell juice or a high level of evacuation of the hedgehogs. In the case of a diagnosis of illness in the scolio-intestinal tract, the excess of urchins does not matter. Remains of non-poisoned meat urchin are observed under a microscope.
Rich proteins in potassium Normally it is during the day. The reasons for the appearance of protein in feces may be: ignition processes in the scolio-intestinal tract (gastritis, colitis, enteritis, pancreatitis), viral colitis, putrefactive dyspepsia, excessive secretion of the small intestine, bleeding from the thyroid gland
Stercobilin-The pigment that gives stool its characteristic dark brown tint. This pigment is a product of the transformation of fatty pigments and simultaneously the result of the exchange of bilerubin.
Causes of increased amount of stercobilin in feces: hemolytic anemia, severe diarrhea.
Causes of changes in the amount of stercobilin in feces: obstructive hepatitis, cholangitis, cholelithiasis (cholelithiasis), acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, viral pathologies of the liver.
Bіlirubin in children over 9 months of age and in adults it is not guilty. Reasons for the appearance of bilirubin in feces: treatment with strong antibiotics, intestinal dysbiosis, increased intestinal motility, accelerated evacuation of feces from the intestines.
Amiak As a product of rotting, it is created by the action of bacteria on excess proteins and herbal juices in the lower part of the intestine. An increase in ammonia in feces speaks of hypersecretion and ardent exudation in the colon.
Detritus– these are small pieces of hedgehogs, which have been poisoned by the body, and destroyed bacterial cells.
Meat fibers It is a product of processing of food products. The less there are in potassium, the better the herbal system works. Normally, in potassium there may be a small amount of meat fibers, the smell is due to over-poisoning and those that have lost their transverse darkness.
Causes of increased consumption of meat fibers: hypoacid or anacid gastritis, achylia, dyspepsia, acute or chronic pancreatitis, increased intestinal motility.
Compound tissue fibers in potassium- racks of food products, so as not to poison the body. In a healthy person, analysis does not reveal these fibers. And its presence indicates the development of gastritis or pancreatitis.
Krokhmal be found in large quantities in vegetables, fruits and cereals. Although, normally, starch in potassium is not to blame for the overabundance, but it is due to the fact that it is completely broken down in the scolio-intestinal tract. However, there are a number of problems when starch appears in feces. Reasons for the appearance of starch in potassium: pancreatitis, fermentative dyspepsia, accelerated evacuation of the intestines, gastritis.
Roslinna cellulose in potassium It can happen in two types: over-etched and not over-etched. Cellulose, which is digested, normally does not need to be present in feces. Instead of cellulose, which is not poisoned, there is no diagnostic value in feces. Reasons for the appearance of cellulose, which is poisoned in feces: the consumption of great strains of hedgehogs, accelerated evacuation of the large intestine, gastritis, putrefactive dyspepsia, virulent colitis, pancreatitis.
Neutral fats(or triglycerides) in potassium culprits are daily, the remains of stench culprits are completely overprocessed. In infants, the feces may contain a small amount of neutral fats, since their enzyme system is not fully developed. Reasons for the appearance of neutral fats in feces: accelerated evacuation of the intestine, pancreatitis, impaired digestion of the stomach and impaired passage of the intestine to the small intestine, impaired absorption into the intestine.
Fatty acids If it is thoroughly absorbed into the intestines, it is not to blame for it to be in the feces. Causes of the appearance of fatty acids in potassium: fermentative dyspepsia, impaired secretory function of the subcutaneous gland (pancreatitis), impaired fermentation of the digestive tract and impaired transit of the digestive tract into the small intestine (liver disease and digestive diseases), impaired wetness poisoning in the intestines, evacuation is accelerated. I'm still fussing neutral fats.
Milaє excess overprocessed fats. Normally, the guilt will be present in potassium in a small amount. Reasons for the absence of potassium: fermentative dyspepsia, impaired secretory function of the subglottic gland (pancreatitis), impaired vibrolysis of the stomach (liver disease) and impaired passage of the stomach into the small intestine (gum disease) a), ruined, dissolved in the intestines, accelerated to the evacuation.
Leukocytes- these are cells that are “poisoned” by microorganisms, bind and break down foreign protein substances and breakdown products that are created in the body during life. Alternatively, the presence of leukocytes in stool may be the cause of incorrectly collected stool for analysis (leukocytes can be lost in stool from the stool or from the soil). In infants, single cells of leukocytes may become denser, but this is normal and does not have any diagnostic value. The presence of leukocytes in the stool can indicate the presence of any inflammatory processes in the scolio-intestinal tract: infections of the duct, colitis, enteritis, enterocolitis, viral colitis, rectal fissures.
The administration of the site does not evaluate recommendations and advice about treatments, medications and drugs. Remember that the discussion is being conducted not only by doctors, but also by primary readers, because these actions may be unsafe for your health. Before any treatment or taking medicinal treatments, it is recommended to turn to the fakhivts!
The stool began to lie due to how the etching organs carried out. For those that have malfunctions in your robot, note the change in color, consistency and composition of the stool.
Coprogram decryption to be shy as a medical doctor. The first inspection is carried out right away: there is no pathology, there is no pathology, it is thick, brown, without mucus, particles of hedgehogs, blood, a persistent, but not pungent odor of feces.
Then the incriminating material is checked for bilerubin, protein. A microscope can be used to determine what is in emptied meat fibers, fat, cellulose, starch, pathogenic bacteria, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and fungi.
Norm and pathology
Zagalna Masa Kalu for an adult person - 100 - 250 grams, for those on a vegetarian diet - 400 - 500 grams. The normal acidity of stool is 7.0 - 7.5.
Incriminating materials are not guilty fatty acids, mucus, blood, protein, neutral fats, bilerubin, meat and spun fibers, starch, cellulose, which may be poisoned.
The amount of gum pigment in potassium is a maximum of 350 milligrams per dose, ammonia is a maximum of 40 mmol per kilogram. There are no leukocytes in the sexual material of an adult person, since the collection material is correct, and there are no ignition processes in the patient’s etching system.
Before analysis it is necessary tell the doctor which medications you took recently, and which ones you take gradually. If you have had a colonoscopy or followed the herbal tract for additional barium radiography, please inform your doctor about this.
The doctor can take these medications 7 - 14 days before the test, which will affect the results of the investigation. Among such products are medicines that remove mucus, the important metal bismuth, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antacids (their compounds neutralize the acid of mucus juice), medicines against diarrhea, helminths, and diarrhea. get it.
If you recently traveled to another country or country, let’s talk about whole doctors before the coprogram: in other climatic minds there may be such viruses and pathogenic microorganisms that do not exist in your region i.
Rules for collecting material for coprograms
- The material must be collected within an hour between menstruation. Hemorrhoids at the acute stage can be caused by incorrect analysis.
- It is necessary to quilt the stool that is to be examined without mixing it with the mixture, using methods for disinfection and cleaning the surface.
- First, the lower material should be collected, the organs and the area of the anal opening should be soaked with mild water.
- Using a special device (spoons), part of the stool is placed in a sterile container, which can be seen in the laboratory. The container can also be purchased at the pharmacy.
- For coprograms you need a minimum 3 cubic centimeters of material(This is approximately 1 small spoon).
- After collecting the stool, securely close the container with it, sign it and deliver it to the laboratory, remembering to take it directly with you.
- The material can be stored in the refrigerator until further examination, but not longer than 8 years.
Ways to trace stool
Macroscopic. Take into account the consistency of the stool, its shape, color and smell, as well as mucus, rot, and parts of unpoisoned urchin.
Khimichny. Tests the compromising material for acidity, blood, stercobilin, bilerubin, and protein.
Microscopic. This way helps to identify the presence of evaporated meat fibers and their features, viyaviti neutral fat, mila, starch, leukocytes, pathogenic microorganisms, fatty acids