Vitamins- ce speeches, necessary tips life.
How are vitamins established?
The stench is made up of roslins or creatures and is guilty of being in organism at microscopic bones for the continuation of life processes.
Word " vita" means life.
Zranna that unsafe ailment
Until the end of the 19th century, that unsafe ailment under the name " scurvy"often seriously opposed the commands of the whole world.
As early as the beginning of the XVIII century, it was revealed that for the help of fresh fruits, that vegetable disease forked. Vchenim needed 100 fates, so that they saw the appearance: it appears, fresh products avenged vitamins!
Name the vitamins in alphabetical order
Oskolki vcheni at that time did not know the chemical nature of vitamins, they did not give them names, but simply called them after the alphabet A, At, Z, D and so far.
Let's take a look at what deeds of them are needed for good health.
Vitamin A
Tsey vitamin zavzhdi pov'yazany z fat in a living organism. Wines are settled in roslins and go to creatures, like they are eating tsimi roslins. Vitamin A helps prevent infections. Vin vengeance in milk, egg chew, liver, fish fat, as well as lettuce, carrots and spinach.
В іtamin В
Yogo at once called " B-complex". Rich rocks vvazhavsya one vitamin. Ninі vіdomo, є shchіst іst іnіnі vіtamіnіv, є vіdіkіkaі vіtamin U.
Vitamin IN 1 Necessary prophylaxis of certain nerve diseases. On top of that, yoga calls out to the ailment. avitaminosis". Vitamin B1 to be taken in, fresh fruitsі vegetables, all cereals. Vіn is guilty of constant replenishment in the organism.
Vitamin C
The presence of this vitamin calls out scurvy, when it is ossified, the dross, the teeth become loose, weaken. Rich in vitamin C oranges, zucchini, tomatoes.
The body cannot store vitamin C, so it needs to be replenished regularly.
In itamine D
This vitamin is important for the proper development of the bones and does not help.
A great number of veins have manifestations in fat, liver that egg Zhovtka. Sonyachny light also provide our body with vitamin D.
If you have correctly chosen, you, ymovirno, take enough of the necessary vitamins.
Cicavia fact about vitamins and minerals
This is an absolute necessity for the life of a skin person, regardless of the way of life and the type of activity. 1912 Polish biochemist Kazimir Funk was the first to understand vitamins. They called them "vital amines" tobto "amen to life".
❀ ❀ ❀Vitamin C It is a vitamin rich in water, which can be expanded in the body of a person with a great homeland. The human body cannot itself absorb vitamin C and accumulate it, so it is also important to include in the daily diet the most food products, so that vitamin C can be avenged. 4 years after yoga hit the organic sphere. After this term, the weakness of the power of vitamin is repaired. Too much vitamins, which are distributed in the home, as a rule, are excreted in the body with ammonia. In that case, even if the diet is safer for less, less than half of the total number required by the body, deficiency symptoms can manifest themselves already after a month more richly, lower in a situation with a deficiency.
Korisn_ authority, yakim volodіє vіtamin С or ascorbic acid:
- Vitamin C or ascorbic acid promotes healthy teeth, normalizes clear and bone tissue;
- In addition, vitamin C heals wounds and cystic fractures, and ascorbic acid reduces scarring of the skeletal curve;
- Ascorbic acid zapobigaє і;
- Vitamin C, as well as ascorbic acid, improves immunity;
- Vitamin C reduces the risk of illness on GRZ, GRVI, and ascorbic acid accelerates their healing;
- Vitamin C also helps control blood vessels;
- Ascorbic acid increases the level of conquest;
- Vitamin C is also considered one of the main antioxidants necessary for the human body.
Vitamin C can take the growth and complete molding of the cells and improve the correct assimilation of calcium. If you take vitamin C in a large amount, then you will also accept the correct fight of our body against diseases or infections, when healing wounds, or after operative interventions. In addition, vitamin C takes part in the preservation of healthy soft cartilage, bone tissues, teeth and clear, and also helps to minimize the potential for the elimination of blood clots and other hematomas.
Cream of the skin, vitamin C is needed for the correct synthesis of collagen, cellular "cement", which takes part in the correct formation of tissues, as well as in the formation of skirnih curves, scar tissue, tendon heels, ligaments and, obviously, blood vessels of the head brain. With minimization of any potency avitaminosis, robbing the immune system, lowering the body's resistance to various infections, and additionally helping to get rid of GRZ, GRVI, GRIP. From the point of view of Dr. Linus Pauling, who is the main favorite in my galley, vitamin C also reduces the risk of getting sick on sprats seeing cancer by 75%.
Inclusion of vitamin C and ascorbic acid in products
Ascorbic acid has a significant effect in growing food, citrus, vegetables, leafy products. Also, ascorbic acid is found in dino, brussels sprouts, cauliflower and cabbage, black currants, bell peppers, sunnitsa, tomatoes, apples, apricots, peaches, sea buckthorn, thorns, gorobin, liver potatoes in m undi. In addition, ascorbic acid in a sufficient quantity is found in food products, for example, in baked goods, overhead burrows, and nirkah.
Vitamin C has a significant amount of omission At the herbs, in the way, at Lucerne, cows, the root of the burdock, the pichan, Ochantsi, the fenhelly, the penalty area, Khmeli, Horridge, Laminari, M'yati Pertsevi, Kytskoi Pertsi, Chervonny Persi, Sosnovy Golki, Sosnovy Golki, Tree, Trin , red stables, herbs, violet leaves, as well as sorrel.
Vitamins are a large group of organic compounds of various chemical nature. I’ll eat one important rice: without vitamins, it’s impossible for people to have those other living things.
Back in the olden days, people allowed that for the prevention of certain ailments, it was enough to make a few corrections to the diet of eating. So, for example, in Ancient Egypt they rejoiced "smoking blindness" (destruction of the daily dawn), living in the liver. Much later it was brought to light that this pathology was conditioned by a lack of vitamin A, which is the case with a great number of creatures present in the liver. Kіlka stolіt yak zasіb vіd scurvy (sickness zumovlenа gipovitaminozom С) was proponated to introduce to the diet sour products of dewy soil. The method is 100% true to itself, shards in spicy sauerkraut and in citrus fruits are rich in ascorbic acid.
Need more vitamins?
Z'ednannya tsієї groups take an active part in all types of exchange processes. The majority of vitamins exceed the function of coenzymes, i.e., they work as catalysts for enzymes. The products of eating and speaking are present in small quantities, so all the stench is included in the group of micronutrients. Vitamins are necessary for the regulation of vitality through rare mediums of the body.
The science of vitaminology is engaged in the development of these lives of important organic spleen, which is known for pharmacology, biochemistry and food hygiene.
Important:vitamins do not care about calories, they cannot serve as a source of energy. Structural elements, the necessary molding of new fabrics, the stench is also є.
Heterotrophic organisms take part in the process of biosynthesis. Zokrema, in the skin coverings under the influx of ultraviolet exposure, vitamin D is dissolved, with provitamins-carotenoids - A, and also with the amino acid tryptophan - PP (nicotinic acid and niacin).
Return respect: bacteria-symbionts that linger on the intestinal mucosa normally synthesize a sufficient supply of vitamins B3 and K.
The additional need for a skin-derived vitamin taken from a person is not large, but even if the rimen is significantly lower than the norm, then various pathological conditions develop, and many of them become even more serious threat to the health of that life. Pathological camp, delusions of deficiency of the singing part of the group, is called hypovitaminosis.
Return respect : avitaminosis transfers extra vitamin intake into the body, which is rare to be able to take.
Classification
All vitamins are subdivided into 2 great groups, depending on their ability to differ in water or fatty acids:
- Before waterproof all sprouts of group B, ascorbic acid (C) and vitamin R can be seen.
- Before grease(lipovitaminam) are protected by A, D, E, and K. These vitamins can also be used later in vitamin F. These vitamins, which differ in non-essential fatty acids - arachidonic, linoleic, and linolenic and other.). Vitamins of these groups may have the power to be deposited in the body - the main rank in the liver and fatty tissue.
In connection with the specifics, often the most water-soluble vitamins are not enough, and the axis of hypervitaminosis develops as the head rank behind the fat-releasing ones.
Return respect: Vitamin K has a water-soluble analogue (Vikasol), synthesized on the cob in the 40s of the last century. For the time being, we have also withdrawn other lipovitamin preparations from the water. At zv'yazku z tsim such a podіl on the group step by step becomes wiser.
For the recognition of the okremih spoluk that group, Latin letters are victorious. In the world of deep vitamin education, it became clear that the deacons are not full of words, but complexes. The names that are victorious at the given hour were confirmed in 1956 by rotation.
Brief characteristics of okremikh vitamins
Vitamin A (retinol)
Recommended reading:Tsya zhirorozchinna spoluka allows ahead of xerophthalmia and disruption of the daily dawn, as well as increase the body's resistance to infectious agents. In retinol, the elasticity of the epithelium of the skin curves and the internal mucous membranes, the growth of the hair and the regeneration (renewal) of the tissues. Vitamin A may show antioxidant activity. Danium lipovitamin is necessary for the development of egg cells and normal interruption of the process of spermatogenesis. Vіn mіnіmіzuє negative effects of stress and influx of zabrudnenny povіtrya.
The precursor to retinol is carotene.
Studies have shown that vitamin A changes the development of oncological diseases. Retinol ensures the normal functional activity of the thyroid gland.
Important:Overworld intake of retinol with the products of a creature's journey leads to hypervitaminosis. Last too much vitamin And maybe cancer.
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
Recommended reading:It is the person's responsibility to take thiamine every day in a sufficient quantity, the shards of this spleen are not deposited in the body. B1 is needed for the normal functioning of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, as well as the brain. Thiamin takes an uninterrupted role in the metabolism of acetylcholine, a nerve signal mediator. B1 building to normalize the secretion of shlunkovogo juice and stimulate etching, improving the motility of the organs of the PCT. It is rich in thiamin in which to deposit protein and fat exchange, which is important for the growth and regeneration of tissues. Wine is also a necessary breakdown of folding carbohydrates to the main source of energy - glucose.
Important:in the amount of thiamin in the products falls a lot under the hour of thermal processing. Zokrema potatoes are recommended to be steamed.
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Riboflavin is necessary for the biosynthesis of a number of hormones and the formation of red blood cells. Vitamin B2 is needed for the absorption of ATP (the "energy base" of the body), the protection of the eyes from the negative impact of ultraviolet radiation, the normal development of the fetus, as well as the regeneration and renewal of tissues.
Vitamin B4 (choline)
Choline takes part in lipid metabolism and lecithin biosynthesis. Vitamin B4 is also important for the production of acetylcholine, liver damage from toxins, growth processes and hematopoiesis.
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B5 has a positive effect on the nervous system, scaling stimulates the biosynthesis of the arousal mediator - acetylcholine. Pantothenic acid improves intestinal peristalsis, improves the strength of the body and regenerates damaged tissues. B5 - partly low enzymes, which are necessary for the normal breakdown of various metabolic processes. 
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
Pyridoxine is necessary for the normal functional activity of the central nervous system and immunity. B6 I take an uninterrupted part in the process of biosynthesis of nucleic acids and induce a large number of various enzymes. Vitamin A helps to fully assimilate the life of the necessary non-essential fatty acids.
Vitamin B8 (inosit)
Inositol was detected in the ophthalmic crystal, mucous membranes, nerve fibers, and also in sperm.
В8 drug reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood, increases the elasticity of the vessel walls, normalizes the peristalsis of the CT and sedatively affects the nervous system.
Vitamin B9 ()
A small amount of folic acid is used to digest micro-organisms that inhabit the intestines. B9 I take part in the process of podil clitin, biosynthesis of nucleic acids and neurotransmitters - norepinephrine and serotonin. Vіd folієvoї acid and rich in why to lie down the process of hematopoiesis. It also takes part in the metabolism of lipids and cholesterol.
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
Cyanocobalamin takes an uninterrupted part in the process of hematopoiesis and is necessary for the normal breakdown of protein and lipid metabolism. B12 stimulates the growth and regeneration of tissues, improves the state of the nervous system and is produced by the body during the formation of amino acids.
Recommended reading:At the same time, we should know about those that ascorbic acid allows to increase immunity and to get ahead of it and to relieve low illnesses (zocrema - and colds). Tse vіdkrittya was srobleno porіvnjano recently; scientific evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin C for the prevention of colds appeared more than 1970. Ascorbic acid is deposited in the body in insignificant quantities, so people need to replenish their reserves of water-spray.
The best yogo dzherelom є rich fresh fruits and vegetables.
If in the cold season there are few fresh herb products in the diet, it is enough to take ascorbic acid in tablets or dragees. It is especially important not to forget about the weakening of people who are women in the period of pregnancy. Regular intake of vitamin C in Ukraine is necessary for children. I take part in the biosynthesis of collagen and various metabolic processes, as well as in the detoxification of the body.
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol)
Recommended reading:Vitamin D is not only found in the body, but is synthesized in the skin under ultraviolet exposure. Z'ednannya is necessary to make sure that distant growth of full-fledged bone tissue. Ergocalciferol ensures the regulation of the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, absorbs the excretion of important metals, improves the work of the heart and normalizes the process of blood pharynx. 
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Recommended reading:Tocopherol is the most powerful of the other antioxidants. Vіn mіnіmіzuє negative impact vіlnіh radicalіv іn kіtinnogo rіvnі, povіlnjujuchі prirodnі dіstіnnia. Zavdyaki tsomu vitamin E zdatny improve the work of a whole range of organs and systems and prevent the development of important diseases. I will improve the work of m'yaziv and speed up the reparative process.
Vitamin K (menadione)
Recommended reading:Vіd vіtaminu K to deposit blood pharynx, and to induce the process of making bone tissue. Menadione improves the functional activity of nirok. Vin also improves the walls of blood-bearing vessels and m'yazi and normalizes the functions of the organs of the herbal tract. Vitamin K necessary for the synthesis of ATP and creatine phosphate - the most important sources of energy. 
Vitamin L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine takes part in the metabolism of lipids, while maintaining energy retention in the body. Dany vitamin promotes virility, reduces the growth of malignancy, lowers cholesterol levels and improves the state of the myocardium.
Vitamin R (B3, citrine)
Recommended reading:The most important function of vitamin R is the improvement and improvement of the elasticity of the walls of other blood-bearing vessels, as well as a decrease in their penetration. Building citrine favors blood clotting and may exhibit antioxidant activity. 
Vitamin PP (niacin, nicotinamide)
In rich plants, nicotinic acid is found, and in plant foods, this vitamin is present in what looks like nicotinamide.
Vitamin PP takes an active part in the metabolism of proteins and releases energy from the body during the utilization of carbohydrates and lipids. Niacin enters the warehouse of low enzymatic breakdowns, in the process of cellular indigestion. Vitamin improves the state of the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. There is a lot of nicotinamide in which to lie down the camp of the mucous membranes and skin folds. Zavdyaki PP is improved over time and normalizes arterial pressure at.
Vitamin U (S-methylmethionine)
Vitamin U changes the level of histamine for rahunka yogo methylation, which allows to reduce the acidity of the shell juice. S-methylmethionine may also be anti-sclerotic.
Is it necessary to regularly drink vitamin complexes?
Crazy, a lot of vitamins are included in the body regularly. The need for rich biologically active sprouts increases with increased pressure on the body (with physical work, sports, when the disease is too thin). The nutritional needs of the cob to take this and other complex vitamin preparations are cured individually. Uncontrolled intake of these pharmacological effects can become the cause of hypervitaminosis, so that there is an excess of another vitamin in the body, which will not lead to anything good. In this manner, the reception of complexes should be started only after prior consultation with the doctor.
Return respect: the only natural polyvitamin is breast milk. Yogo babies cannot replace any synthetic preparations.
Dotsilno dodatkovo take deaky vitamin preparations and vagina (at the same time zі zbіlshennyam consume), vegetarians (we take away a lot of people from the creature's hedgehog), as well as people who are stomuyuyuyuschemuyutsya diet.
Polyvitamins are necessary for children and toddlers. The stench has been accelerated the exchange of speeches, the shards of the wines are necessary as a support for the functions of the organs of the prosecutor's office and systems, the ale and active growth of the development. Obviously, more often than not, a sufficient amount of vitamins is needed with natural products, but it’s better to take advantage of them in a sufficient amount only during the singing season (mostly vegetables and fruits). It is problematic to get a dose of cym without pharmacological preparations.
These organic parts, yakі it is important to go to the body of the hedgehog. To make vines: vitamins D (vins vibrate at the skin under the influx of ultraviolet), Up to B3 (stinks settle in the intestines). Skin from vitamins (and there are 13 in total) wins the main role. Different sprouts are in different products, in order to protect the body with them, it is necessary to maximize the urgency of your diet. Shkidlivim like a deficiency, and too much vitamins.
This list has daily vitamins:
The number of speeches is clear, and if the stench is also vvazhalis vitamins In the complex. It was determined that these organic sprouts are either vibrated by the organism itself, or life is necessary (the very data of viznachayut vitamins). In this rank, they began to be called pseudovitamins, or vitamin-like speeches. To the complex of vitamins of the group Do not enter the stench.
Vitamin C
Speech, necessary for the synthesis of collagen, is an important storehouse of good tissues, blood cells, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, clear, shkir, teeth and brushes. An important component in the metabolism of cholesterol. Highly effective antioxidant, constipation of a burning mood, healthy immunity, strength and energy. This water-soluble vitamin, which naturally looks like it is found in rich foods, can be synthetically supplemented with them or get accustomed to looking like a food additive. People, on the vіdmіnu rich creatures, not zdatnі independently viroblyatі vіtamіn Z, that's why it's a necessary component in the diet.
Vitamin D
Tse "sleepy vitamin". Dopomogaє pіdtrimuvati zdorov'ya brushes, zberіgaє їх mіtsnimi and strong. Vidpovidaє for health is clear, teeth, m'yazi. Necessary for supporting the work of the cardiovascular system, helping to prevent dementia and improve the work of the brain.
Vitamin E
This is an anti-oxidant, a kind of increase in the active forms of sourness and a spryaє improvement in the healthy state of health. Krym tsgogo, vin attaches the functioning of free radicals, and as a regulator of enzymatic activity, plays a role in the correct development of mucus. It contributes to the expression of genes, supports the health of the eyes and the nervous system. One of the main functions of vitamin E is to support a healthy heart by maintaining a balance equal to cholesterol. Improves the blood circulation of the scalp, speeds up the process of healing wounds, protects the scalp from drying out. Vitamin E protects our body from the influx of bad environmental factors and saves our youth.
Vitamin F
The term vitamin F is called essential fatty acids, and linolevaі alpha-linoleic. The stench is found in the body from the products of eating in apparently high and non-essential (monota poly-) fatty acids and plays an important role in lowering cholesterol, regulating arterial pressure, as well as reducing the risk of strokes and heart attacks. In addition, vitamin F is necessary for the development of the brain in the fetus in the womb, a new born baby, and for supporting yoga functions in adults.
Vitamin H
Vitamin H is recognized as one of the most active vitamin-catalysts. Some people call it microvitamin, because. for normal work, the body needs even small quantities.
Vitamin H takes part in the exchange of carbohydrates, proteins, fats. With this help, the organism takes energy from these speeches. Vіn taking part in the synthesis of glucose. Biotin is necessary for the normal functioning of the intestinal tract, it affects the immune system and the function of the nervous system, promotes healthy hair and nails.
Vitamin H1
Para-aminobenzoic acid is necessary for the human body, especially if Peyron's ailment is so called, people of the middle ages suffer the most. With this illness, the tissue of the penis in a person becomes abnormally fibroid. In the aftermath of sickness, under the hour of erection, the penis is strongly bent, which causes great pain to the sickness. When likuvanni tsієї ailments, vicarious preparations and vitamin. Well, in the living diet, people are guilty of buti products, to take revenge on this vitamin.
Para-aminobenzoic acid is prescribed for such ailments, as a stubborn development, increased physical and rozum stubbornness; folic acid deficiency anemia; Peyron's ailment, arthritis, posttraumatic contracture and Dupuytren's contracture; light sensitivity of the skin, vitiligo, scleroderma, optics with ultraviolet changes, alopecia.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K for the next group of fat-dissolving speeches - similar to naphthoquinone with hydrophobic white lance. The two main representatives of the group are vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menahinone, which is promoted by healthy intestinal microflora). The main function of vitamin K in the body is the maintenance of normal blood circulation, the formation of bone tissue (osteocalcin), the maintenance of the function of blood vessels, the maintenance of normal work.
Vitamin K contributes to the formation of blood clots and increases the stability of the walls of the vessels, taking part in the energy processes, the establishment of the main energy sources in the body - adenosine triphosphoric acid and creatine phosphate, normalizing іyu shlunkovo-intestinal tract that diyalnіst m'yazіv, zmіtsnyuє brushes.
Vitamin L-Carnitine
L-Carnitine improves the metabolism of fats and increases the energy seen during their metabolism in the body, increases the vitality and short recovery period in case of physical stress, improves the intensity of the heart, reduces the energy of the body fatty fat and cholesterol in the blood, speed up the growth of malignant tissue, stimulate the immune system.
L-Carnitine promotes fat oxidation in the body. With a sufficient amount of L-carnitine, fatty acids give not toxic free radicals, but energy, which is stored in the form of ATP, which essentially improves the energy of the heart oil, which is 70% live on fatty acids.
VITAMINS
organic speech, which is necessary in small quantities in the grub diet like people, so in large ridges. Synthesis of vitamins, sound, zdijsnyuetsya roslins, but not creatures. Schodena needs of people in vitamins to become less than a few milligrams and micrograms. On the surface of inorganic speeches, vitamins crumble with strong heating. A lot of vitamins are unstable and "spoiled" at the hour of cooking or during the processing of food products. On the cob 20 tbsp. it was important that the value of the їzhi is considered more important than the calorie content. I had a chance to look at each other, if the first experiments were described, which would show that they could include a number of products in the diet of the creatures, they develop ailments, mind food deficiency; in case of spozhivannya to induce small quantities of singing grub products or their extracts, it was possible to favor the development of similar diseases. It turned out that such additives are favorable to be deposited in the presence of previously unknown speeches, as they appear in baked goods, milk, greens and other products, which may have a "zahisniy" effect. The onset of experiments brought to light both these words themselves - vitamins, and their role in the life of the organism. The name "vitamins" propagated in 1911 by the American biochemist of the Polish campaign K.Funk, soon became infamous. In the course of experimental investigations, vitamins were seen in a pure form from grub products and their chemical structure was determined, which made it possible to synthesize and take them on an industrial scale. Individually taken away vitamins are not disturbed by anything in the silence that is in the hedgehog. The stench of vikoristovuyutsya as a remedy for the prevention of ailments of food insufficiency and as an additive for the promotion of food value of food products and feed of agricultural creatures. Some people take even a lot of vitamins, in order to improve their health in such a way. For such a thought, there are no suitable bases, and too much intake of vitamins A and D can lead to bad consequences. Vitamins are divided into two classes: fat-reducing and water-relieving. Fat-dissolving vitamins vary in gasoline, ether and fats. On top of them, water-soluble vitamins do not differ in fats, but differ in water and alcohol. Vitamins A, D, E and K - fat reduction; reshta - water-spray. All vitamins, including vitamin D, can be taken away with a well-balanced meal from the best food products. In some cases, for example, with vagity, the need for vitamins increases, and even it is recommended to take vitamins additionally, vicarious preparations, for example, in capsules. Active vitamins are taken by the body not only for the sake of "intra-intestinal synthesis", which is produced by bacteria that cause the intestines to clear up. So a number of vitamins of the B group and vitamin K are established, however, in the case of calciferous synthesis, this availability for victoria can vary. In ruminant creatures, for example, some of the vitamins of group B, taken for bacterial synthesis, are already commemorated. From the other side, it was said that intestinal bacteria can, perhaps, compete with the body of the master for the living of speech. So, the creatures, which they vibrated in sterile minds, or even lived with the addition of antibiotics, grew faster, sounded lower. In humans, the intestine synthesizes a significant amount of one of the vitamins of group B, and biotin itself, which then comes to the blood.
ILLNESS, ABOUT vitamin deficiency
Green plants are living organisms, bred for the purpose of light vibrating from simple chemical parts of the necessary speech: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, pigments and richly folded organic parts. On the vіdmіnu vіd roslyn nezdatnі creatures vibrating their own grub speech. Ponad those, stinks can themselves synthesize and work folding molecules - vitamins, as a necessary support for the normal exchange of speech. In quiet moods, if the creatures do not possess the same vitamins, they develop ailments, smart vitamin deficiency (avitaminosis). Most of the wild creatures are hungry to kill the stench, and so the stench is not blamed. A person is often not strong enough to eat a balanced meal, and, being able to choose, having the advantage of refined and light meals, often filled with vitamins. For the smallest of the safest groups of the population, choose a typical one-man (and small) grub diet. In the aftermath of which the ailments of vitamin deficiency are blamed. These causes were installed only in the 20th century, after which the prevention of these illnesses ceased to be difficult.
Xerophthalmia. For the svіdchennyami suchasnіv, prodovzh 19 that on the cob 20 tbsp. xerophthalmia ("dry eye") is often feared in suffering from malnutrition and especially in children who are starving. In case of any illness, that vision is attributed to the secret of mucus rashes, which calls out the dryness of the eyes and cloudy horns. Illness with infections, which can lead to chronic damage to the eyesight and induce blindness. In 1904, the Japanese doctor M. Mori propagated the lust of catching rib'yachim oil and chicken liver. Proteoyogo recommendations were properly evaluated. Before the first hour of the First World War, xerophthalmia widely spread among the children of Denmark, which was a sign of vitamin A deficiency. with him milk, as they did not avenge vitamin A. After that, K.Blok, having shown that ailments are treated with rib fat and top oil, the Danish order has immediately circumscribed the export of olives. The whole world has inadvertently brought sickness to serophthalmia to a decline. The whole lanciug podіy viklikav majestic interest in nutritionists. Oliya became known everywhere as a product of "zahisnoy" diy. A lot of laboratories were busy with visions of speech, called "fatty speech A", as it was the beginning of the beneficial effect of olive oil and fish oil. Zreshtoy, it was revealed that one of the best sources of vitamin A is fat, visions from the liver of the galeus shark. One gram of fat should be removed for vitamin A, 6 kg of oil. Prote vlasne vitamin A to become less than 5% of the total amount of fat. Nezabarom vіtamin bv vіdіleny vysokovakuumnoy distillation, and zgod khіmіchno synthesis. It has been said for some time that the growing pigment beta-carotene can be ahead of the development of vitamin A deficiency. owte zabarvlennya. Studies have shown that in the walls of the small intestine, carotene is converted to vitamin A, with which the carotene molecule splits into two halves and consumes the brew. The skin from the two halves of the molecule contains vitamin A. If you are into margarine, which should not be taken away from vitamin A, it is specially added.
Rickets. Until 1920, rickets suffered from the head rank of the children of the pivnichny lands. With any illness, the process of mineralization (calcification) of the cystic tissue is disrupted; The most common signs of rickets are the shamble-like homils, wyverns in the middle of the knee, deformed ribs and the skull, ailing teeth. Especially schilnіst to rickets of children zmusila znatu respect for that role, like calcium and phosphorus play in a child's vіtsі, if there is an increase in the bones, which are formed by a significant world of calcium phosphate. On the cob 20 tbsp. It was shown that rachitis can be treated with sleepy light, moreover, only the ultraviolet part of the spectrum was effective. The mechanism of such an influx needed to be expanded, it is obvious that, by itself, sleepy light cannot supply calcium and phosphorus to the body. For a year it was said that jubilantly they would also give cod liver (popular zasib) and rib'yachiy fat. Significant progress in vaccinated rickets was observed in laboratory experiments with patients. In 1924, it was established that the deacons produce rickets during the treatment with ultraviolet light. These facts helped three times to show, that under the influence of ultraviolet light, speech becomes biologically active, vitamin D3, which is the main regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the bones.
Div. also RACHIT.
Take take. Tsya ailment bula plating was widened in similar lands by the cob of the 20th century, which was considered one of the head of the world. In sick people, there is damage to the nervous system, which leads to weakness, loss of appetite, increased alertness and paralysis with an even higher level of lethal outcome. Take-take often suffered Japanese sailors. Tilki in 1884 the Japanese nutritionist T.Takakі, having respected that the disease can be lost, like a grub diet of sailors, in order to be different and include it in a new vegetable. In the 1890s, the Dutch doctor H.Eikman showed that the ailment was blamed when grafted as the main polished rice and that it was similar to illness, polyneuritis, it was possible to cure chickens, as if they were only born with polished rice. Polished rice is possessed by a path of cutting off the outer shells of rice grains. It appeared that the shells, that they were walking at the exit, were making a jubilant deed. After trivaly zusil, the scientists could see in the distance in small clumps of drizzles and rice husks crystal speech, as if they avenged the sirka. Tsya speech, vitamin B1, or thiamine, was ahead of time and changed take-take, and the presence of yoga in polished rice caused illness. Thiamin was synthesized in 1937 by chemical methods. At this hour, synthetic thiamine is added to polished rice and white boar.
Pellagra. With the sickness associated with vitamin deficiency, pelagra was especially often guarded against in the United States. Hocha tse zahvoryuvannya bulo was described on the cob 18 tbsp. in Italy, de i took away its name, on the cob 20 tbsp. The US military has expanded widely. Most often, poor people from rural areas suffered from pelagra; In case of pelagra, carry-over, vomiting, congestion, dermatitis and other fluctuations of the tongue, tongue protrusion with a development of the tongue are more important under it, as well as clear and mucous lower lip, loss of appetite, headache, depression and bewilderment. Quiet, who, suffering from illness, was often sent to a healer for the divine. In 1937, it was established that nicotinic acid (niacin) or amide (nicotinamide) was found in pelagrius. Although nicotinic acid was seen from a yeast extract in 1912, until 1937 it was not suspected that speech itself could be used with vicoristan for the prevention of this pelagrial treatment. Changing the diet of eating has led to the reappearance of pelagri in the United States until Mayzha.
Megaloblastic anemia. In animals, erythrocytes and leukocytes vibrate in the cystic brain. Shards of the hour of life of these clitins are small, the cystic brain is to blame for their vibrations. The process of establishing new blood cells can be called hematopoiesis. For this purpose, it is normal, you need the presence of two vitamins, and if you don’t want one of them, the cystic brain changes (visible under a microscope) and the replacement of erythrocytes causes abnormal clitin and – megaloblasts. As a result, megaloblastic anemia develops (div. ANEMIA). One form of this disease is called pernicious, that is. evil, anemia, shards without glee will always have a fatal result. Until 1920, the fate did not know the proper cause of pernicious anemia. In the course of time, however, it was revealed that in the case of depression, a large number of liver ailments were growing more easily. Thus, concentrated liver extracts proved to be the most effective, especially when administered internally: there was a reaction that took in these extracts, taken through the mouth, and it was important. The grave reason was found out: the slut was ill with pernicious anemia and did not vibrate. an internal factor that enters the storage of shell juice and is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Ninі on likuvannya tsgogo zahvoryuvannya prescribe іn'єktsії vitamin В12, tho. vitamin, which is present in concentrated liver extracts. On the cob of the 1930s, it was established that women in the tropics often suffer from megaloblastic anemia, so they don’t get treated with injections of concentrated liver extracts. However, illness was caused by the stagnation of the orphan liver or yeast extracts. Anemia went away piece by piece from the mavp and chickens; the speech, attached to the її prophylaxis and the likuvannya, was seen indiscriminately as from the liver, so from the yeast, and chemically synthesized. It turned out that speech - folic acid - plays a significant role in various biochemical processes, especially in the synthesis of nucleic acids.
Tsing. Sailors and mandrivers suffered a lot of capital from scurvy - even an important illness, despite the fact that a person is very thin, because of that, he was sick in the snow. The ailment often ended with deadly insults. In 1536, during the winter expedition of Jacques Cartier in Pivdenny Canada, 26 companions died of scurvy. The other mandrills vied for the help of the water extract of pine needles - for the sake, which was won by the Indians. Twenty years later, the surgeon of the British fleet, J. Lind, having shown that the sickness of sailors can be enjoyed with fresh vegetables and fruits, and from 1795 on all British ships they began to supplement the diet with citrus fruits.
Div. also SCURVY. Passed sche storіchchya, first nizh scurvy began vyvchati at laboratories. In 1907, it was shown that it was possible to single-handedly kill guinea pigs (other laboratory creatures did not develop illness), as if they were more likely to be treated with grains and vines. The exuberance of guinea pigs in the form of scurvy was injected with lemon juice, the protein of the lemon juice was active; Tilki in 1931 rozі buv otmaniya in crystalline form іtamin С, yaky vilіkovuvav guinea pigs in scurvy. Yogo could see in the distance from the lemon juice, the measles of the epidermis and the licorice pepper. Due to its structure, speech, called ascorbic acid, appeared to be conjugated with hexoses. Nezabar yogo was synthesized by a chemical route, after which the production of a new vitamin was cheaper.
VITAMIN A
Vitamin A is a fat-reducing alcohol of a pale yellow color, which is made from a red dewy pigment beta-carotene (provitamin A). In the organisms of creatures and humans, beta-carotene is transformed into vitamin A. Therefore, carotene can be seen as a growing form of vitamin A. I vitamin A, and beta-carotene are non-essential, stench is easily oxidized on the surface and ruined. Previously, the main source of concentrated vitamin A was fish oil, most importantly shark liver. Nine cei vitamins are synthesized by a chemical route. The activity of vitamin A is determined biologically, for this development it is necessary to stimulate the growth of the eyes, as a deficiency of this vitamin. One unit of vitamin A today is a dose sufficient for the survival of such squints of that normal growth. In one gram of vitamin A, three millions are alone. The physiological role of vitamin A plays a role in the development of the normal state of epithelial tissues (including mucous membranes), as well as nerve and cystic tissues. Vіd vіtamіnu A to deposit zdatnіst bachiti with a weak visvitlennі. On the right, in what is an important component of the sitkivka, it is similar to vitamin A, rhodopsin, or purple purple, which takes part in the sour process. Insufficiency of vitamin A before you spend rhodopsin, that, with your blackness, calls out to the night ("smoke") blindness, tobto. nezdatnіst bachiti in the days. Zavdyaks of their role in the activity of vitamin A sitkivka, omitting the name "retinol" (like retina, sitkivka). Schodenna need of a mature person in vitamin A - bl. 5000 alone. With a triple intake of higher doses of wine, it can be toxic. Important sources of beta-carotene are greens, carrots and other greens and yellow vegetables. Vitamin A can be found in fish fat, egg white and olive oil. In baked freshwater ribs, another form of vitamin A, vitamin A2, is produced.
VITAMIN D
Vitamin D is structurally related to steroids with half-layers - a class of fat-growing rhechovins, which can be included in the warehouse of animal tissues, fungi and various growths. Vitamin D is a family of drugs, the skin of which is made up of the sterol, its predecessor. Sterols (they are also called sterols) are organic speech, the structure of which includes a sprinkling of articulated rings, saturated with carbon atoms; under the influence of ultraviolet light, one of the ridges opens, and sterol transforms into vitamin D. This unique reaction occurs in the ridges of the ridges, but is not dominated by the dews. Therefore, vitamin D cannot be taken away from the grass hedgehog, but it can be stored under the influence of direct sleepy light in the living organism and can be stored in it (the head rank in the liver, as well as adipose tissue). One of its forms - vitamin D2, or ergocalciferol - is approved by ultraviolet light to ergosterol, a natural sterol, which is found in great numbers of yeasts. In animals, vitamin D representation is more important in the form of vitamin D3 than cholecalciferol. Vіn active, low vitamin D2, and utvoryutsya when prominennі 7-dehydrocholesterol. The activity of both forms of the vitamin is attributed to the development of mineral deposits (most importantly calcium phosphate) in the cysts of young juvenile eyes. Vitamin D in fats, seen from the liver of cystic ribs. Vitamin D3 improves calcium absorption in the small intestine. More precisely, it seems that the function of the dead, which are settled in the organism. (Ci metabolites are seen at once as steroid hormones, and vitamin D itself is a hormone that dissolves in the skin.) vin is metabolized in nirkah with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [], which is dissolved in the liver directly with vitamin D3. Obviously, it is highly active like vitamin D3 inducing the synthesis of calcium binding protein in the wall of the small intestine. Vitamin D2 is also transmuted in the body into speech by a similar mechanism, 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol []. Oskilki vitamin D regulates the process of assimilation of calcium and phosphorus, and plays a key role in the normal formation of brushes and teeth. The most useful wine for women and children. As an organism, as it grows, in which only the cysts are formed, they do not absorb vitamin D, instead of calcium and phosphorus in the blood it falls below the normal level, and the cysts expand and deform. In this type of child, children suffer from rickets, and in female women, a similar disease develops, called osteomalacia. Vіdkrittya vitamin D allowed me to overcome rickets more often in rich prairie lands, when the day of light is too short and vitamin D is not enough in shkіrі; Vitamin D is commonly prescribed to children everywhere. Primary errors do not let in ultraviolet light, it is necessary to illumine vitamin D. One gram of vitamin D induces 40 million units of activity. Schoden needs like a child's body, and women and women of good age - 400 units. Vіdomі vpadki, if likuvannya deyakih forms of arthritis were prescribed larger doses. However, at high doses, vitamin D can cause toxic effects.
VITAMIN E
Vitamin E has a different name - tocopherol, which in Greek means "the people of innocence" and indicates the role of this vitamin in reproduction. Vidomo chotiri form tocopherol - alpha, beta, gamma and delta. All of them are close to disputed due to the chemical structure of chlorophyll, the green pigment of roslin. Obviously, the most active alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E is stored in the head rank of adipose tissue.
Tocopherols are removed from the concentrated species by high-vacuum distillation of natural ols. The main natural sources of vitamin E are green leaves of roslin, as well as bavovnyan, peanut, soybean and wheat ole. A good source of this vitamin is also margarine, prepared with olive oil. Synthetic alpha-tocopherol is produced by industry. Biological determination of vitamin E should be carried out on the vaginal slits. Withdrawing food from the lack of tocopherol, squinting at the impossibility to bring in the remainder of the term, and that either will be born dead, or will be smoky at the mother. Another function of vitamin E is beneficial in improving the mucosal tone in young animals. Vitamin E is an antioxidant I, zocrema, which prevents the oxidation and destruction of vitamin A. In humans, especially in children, vitamin E deficiency can lead to rapid destruction of erythrocytes and anemia. The connection between vitamin E and the reproduction of a person is not reported. The recommended dose of vitamin E in the case of conversion to alpha-tocopherol is 10 mg.
VITAMIN K
Vitamin K is found in nature in two forms: K1 and K2. Offensive forms of fat loss. For the whole hour, a lot of other forms of vitamin K, zocrema and hydroperoxides were chemically taken away. The simplest form of vitamin K is the synthetic product menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), which is a yellowish olive with a sharp relish. Vitamin K is also called an antihemorrhagic vitamin: it is important that it induces prothrombin in the liver - a protein that takes a part in blood pharynx. In case of deficiency of vitamin K, the hour of blood pharynx significantly increases in proportion to the norm, and the person suffers from frequent bleeding and bleeding. Vitamin K1 is located in the green leaf of roslin, and vitamin K2 is produced by bacteria that normally inhabit the intestines of humans, for example, coli (Escherichia coli). Obviously, the role of the distribution of natural vitamin K in the intestines is important: for the duration of the day, the vitamin is not wetted. In conjunction with cym, vitamin K deficiency can be blamed on the damage to the liver (with obturation, or mechanical, zhovtyanitsy). A healthy body, as a rule, satisfies its needs in vitamin K with a balanced meal. However, pregnant women who are not yet ready to go to bed are recommended to supplement the introduction of this vitamin in order to increase prothrombin in the blood of newborns and themselves to get ahead of the development of blood clots (in times of flat injuries) and bleeding. Already for a few days after the people, the body cannot begin to remove its own vitamin K from the herbal tract. Imovirno, the normal need for vitamin K does not exceed a fraction of a milligram.
VITAMINS GROUP B
At the dawn of vitaminization, it was revealed that a number of natural products (yeast, liver and milk) contain a water-soluble fraction, which is necessary for normal life. Її called the water-spraying fraction B. Nezabar it was shown that it is possible to avenge a number of low chemical levels, including thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. The inexhaustible diversity of biochemical reactions, like in organisms, is influenced by the influx of special proteins - enzymes (div. also FERMENTS). For whatever chemical reaction that occurs in the body, you need your own enzyme. A lot of enzymes (especially those that vicorate in the processes of oxidation of living speech and accumulated core energy) show activity only if the presence of vitamins of group B (or other less), they serve as a so-called. coenzymes. As the body does not take any of these vitamins from the same, the enzyme cannot be processed, and in the event of chemical reactions do not go.
TIAMIN
Thiamin (vitamin B1) - a slightly foldable chemical structure, which will avenge the sirk, like and hope for a characteristic unacceptable smell. Thiamin collapses when heated in the presence of water; dry looking wine is stable. In the process of preparing even or preserving the products, instead of thiamine, they change, but it is due not to heating, but because wine is easily overcome. In nature, thiamine has a significant width, but in the majority of grub products, yoga is not large. Today's tastes and ways of preparing it have led to the fact that people began to consume less thiamine. That is why vitamin supplements are now being added to the flour. Rich thiamine is found in yeasts, peanuts, peas and other legumes, pig pork, vines and sprouts of cereal dews. Instead of thiamin, it is prescribed for the help of a thiochromic test based on the modulation of the fluorescence intensity of thiochrome - similar to thiamine. Thiamin plays an important role in the enzyme system, which ensures that the alcohol is taken up in carbohydrates by clitins. In case of lack of thiamine in carbohydrates in the tissues, the body does not "burn"; with which toxic products are accumulated, which can be the cause of take-take - thiamin deficiency disease. Deficiency of thiamin is also the cause of alcoholism - as a result of improper eating. For adults, it is recommended to take 1 to 1.5 mg of thiamine daily. With an exuberant method, thiamine is prescribed in significantly higher doses without noticeable side effects.
RIBOFLAVIN
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) - orange pigment, which hopes to get rid of the white egg white and milk syrovatsi. Vіn signifi cantly stіykіshiy before heating, lower thiamine, ale ruynuєtsya under the influx of light. When milk is exposed to light for two years, most of the riboflavin is destroyed. Vіn is guilty of regularly nahodhoti z їzheyu, moreover, dosing rich riboflavin in the oven, yeast, eggs, green leaves of roslin and milk. On an industrial scale, this vitamin is obtained by the method of microbiological synthesis or by a chemical route. A method for determining fluorescence predicts a thiochromic test for thiamin. Like thiamin, riboflavin plays an important role in some enzyme systems that provide vicarious clitins of living speeches. In case of deficiency of riboflavin, the skin is very narrow and the mouth is covered with cracks and is covered with folds. In addition, the eyes suffer: the intolerance of the bright light (photophobia) is to blame. Riboflavin is responsible for being present in the food of creatures; in case of deficiency of this vitamin, chickens do not vibrate, and paralysis of the feet develops in chickens. Based on the recommendations, people can take approximately 1.2-1.7 mg of riboflavin per day.
NIACIN
Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin PP) and niacinamide (nicotinamide) are two interchangeable vitamin speeches. In judicious practice, niacinamide is often shorter than niacin, which calls out the timchas' black leather. When preparing and processing food products, niacin, as a rule, does not collapse. In a significant amount, it can be found in yeast, bakery, fish and dog meat. The promise of vitamin production is based on chemical synthesis. Niacin and niacinamide are taken from great quantities for victoria as additives to food products and medicinal uses. So, they are added to be more generous, for which bake "fortified" bread. Niacinamide enters the warehouse of two coenzymes, NAD and NADP (div. METABOLISM), which play an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates. We rejoice at pelagra, but for a full dressing, a necessary transition to a full-time meal, which includes no less than cei, but also other vitamins of the B group. proteins of milk, meat and eggs. However, niacin taken away in such a way can be more than sufficient with a significant amount of tryptophan in grub products. The normal requirement for a mature body in niacin is 20 mg.
FOLIC ACID
Folieva, or pteroylglutamic acid, is a pigment of yellow color, filthy in water. Behind the chemical structure there is a half of glutamic and para-aminobenzoic acids with yellow pigment pterin. I will call my pterin zavdyachu creel blimps, yakim vin nada zabarvlennya: in Greek the word pteron means wing. Folic acid is found in the oven, yeast, greens, eggs and soy; moreover, її possess a chemical path. Instead, the vitamin is prescribed by the microbiological method, and in the end, the acid is vibrated anteriorly for additional enzymes from quiet times, in which it is found in the binding form. Folic acid plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids and in the processes of growth and growth of clitins, especially in the established blood clitins. In conjunction with cym in case of folic acid deficiency, erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood become significantly lower than normal, and erythrocytes increase in proportion. This disease, as it may be caused by folio-deficient (megaloblastic) anemia, may be blamed for insufficiency of indigestion, with vagity, or a severely impaired process of inoculation; as a rule, it is drunk with folic acid. The typical requirement for folic acid is about 0.4 mg; therapeutic doses are significant.
VITAMIN B6
Yak and niacin, vitamin B6 is similar to pyridine. In nature, there are three biologically active forms: pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. Rich in vitamin B6 drіzhdzhі, liver, pisne meat and whole grains of cereal dews. Concentration in food products is determined by the microbiological method. The biological function of this vitamin is due to the exchange of amino acids and the utilization of proteins in tissues. In young children, due to improper eating, sometimes deficiency of vitamin B6 develops, which is accompanied by convulsions. In creatures, there is a similar deficiency causing anemia and paralysis, and in squints - hostile dermatitis (scorched skin).
PANTOTHENIC ACID
Pantothenic acid is a nitrogenous organic acid. The main її dzherela - liver, yeast, egg zhovtok, broccoli cabbage; її also possess a chemical path. Pantothenic acid is a partial molecule of coenzyme A, which is used in biochemical processes, zocrema in the biological synthesis of fats and steroids, from one side, and in reactions to the breakdown of fats - from the other side. Acetyl coenzyme A plays a key role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and carbohydrate metabolism. Whether ailments of a person, related to a lack of pantothenic acid, have not been described. But in the experimental creatures, for the help of a special diet, it was given a clear and clearly pronounced deficiency, which is accompanied by dermatitis, carryover, degeneration of the nerve tissue and the appearance of the outside.
Biotin
Biotin is a foldable organic part, to the warehouse where atoms of sulfur and nitrogen enter. Take a bite at the oven, egg yolk, yeast and other food products. Syrian egg white has a unique power: it makes biotin, which is found in the herbal tract, and makes it inaccessible to the body. In experimental creatures, it is possible to eliminate biotin deficiency, thus adding a significant amount of gray protein to the feed. Biotin is supposed to be found in the organism of others, and it is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. In experimental creatures, biotin deficiency is manifested by severe dermatitis, symptoms of paralysis and external withdrawal.
Holin
Choline sounds up to vitamins of group B, although vin is synthesized in the body, and in tissues it is rich in rich, lower vitamins (in Syrian liver, for example, approximately 0.5% of the body). From the chemical point of view, choline is half nitrogen, similar to ammonia. The largest quantities are found in such products as egg yolk, liver, meat, fish, soybeans and peanuts. Kholin is easily possessed by a chemical path. In organisms, I take part in the transport of fats and in the development of new cells. The order of phosphoric acid and fatty acids of wine enters before the storage of lecithin. Fats in the form of lecithin are carried by the bloodstream from the liver to other tissues of the body. With insufficient intake of choline in the liver, fat accumulates, which can be a factor that reduces to liver cirrhosis. Pohіdne choline - acetylcholine - plays an important role in nerve activity. The good needs of the people at the holin are filled with the unknown, ale, maybe, they’ll do the temple. In organisms, choline is converted to the amino acid methionine.
VITAMIN B12
Deficiency of vitamin B12 leads to pernicious anemia - a disease that people of a frail age suffer most of all. Tsey vitamin is one of the biologically active compounds, which contain cobalt, its other name is cobalamin. Vіn buv vіdіleny in two forms - B12a and B12b, which may have the same activity. In the food products of the growing season, vitamin B12 is daily; on the other hand, in the form of other vitamins of group B yogo, it is not the growth that synthesizes, but the bacteria and soil fungi. A coenzyme has been found from natural sources, to which vitamin B12 can be included. In a few small quantities (approximately one part per million), this vitamin is found in baked goods, dog meat, ribs, and milk eggs. This insufficiency in young creatures leads to an increase in growth and high mortality. Like folic acid, vitamin B12 takes part in the synthesis of nucleic acids. Yogo concentration is controlled by the microbiological method, and the industrial possession is controlled by the path of microbiological synthesis.
VITAMIN C
Vitamin C - ascorbic acid, or anti-scorbutic vitamin, - due to its structure, it is similar to glucose, for which reason it is taken away from industry. In retail, vitamin C is unstable, especially in the puddle medium. With a trivial preparation, you can collapse. Vitamin C is rich in fresh fruits and vegetables. In humans, human-like maws, guinea pigs, frugivorous kazhanivs (homeland of krylanovykh) and other birds, vitamin C, which plays a role of coenzyme, is guilty of entering the body of a hedgehog. Other creatures can vibrate themselves. The recommended requirement for this vitamin in healthy people is 30-60 mg.