Epidermal staphylococcus symptoms in children. Demonstrate staphylococcal infections in children. Causes of infection development

Staphylococcus most often infects young children with weakened immunity or other concomitant infections. Often staphylococcus and colibacillus are found in babies. Thus, the very destruction of local immunity is the main cause of staphylococcal infection.

It is noteworthy that staphylococci are extremely resistant to the action of many antibiotics, so there is a risk that the child will fall ill with purulent-septic disease.

How can a child become infected with staphylococcus? These dangerous bacteria carry both sick and healthy people, and there are various forms of infection (temporary and constant). Overcoming illness can also occur in mild and important forms. Staphylococcus causes sepsis, pneumonia, and purulent inflammation of the skin and other tissues. With the generalization of the inflammatory process in newborn children, sepsis often develops.

The discovery is that the microorganism attacks the intestines. The targets of staphylococcal infection are extremely variable: upper and lower respiratory tract, mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, intestines, skin, bone and cartilaginous tissue, etc.

The child’s body is attacked by three groups of staphylococci:

Staphylococcus epidermidis. Among different types of staphylococci, the epidermal has a medium infectious potential. It appears on the skin and mucous membranes, but during normal operation the nose does not show any signs of immunity. Signs of bacterial infection appear only when the immune system is weakened: after undergoing surgery, viral illness, etc. Newborns, especially premature babies, are especially vulnerable to infection.

Saprophytic staphylococcus. Naymensh is not safe for health. It is also absent in children, but the main “target” is the organs of the visual system.

Staphylococcus aureus. The most dangerous and extremely virulent microorganism. In normal healthy children, Staphylococcus aureus remains in a latent state. Of all varieties of these microorganisms, the most aggressive.

Signs and symptoms of staphylococcus in children

In the majority of cases (from 48% to 78%), the staphylococcal bacteria themselves become the cause of inflammatory illnesses of respiratory diseases, which often occur in children.

Staphylococcal pneumonia may occur after infection of a child in a hospital or gynecological department. The disease often develops rapidly, with the destruction of legen fabric and other folds. The toxins that are produced by staphylococcus cause significant intoxication of the body, which also results in disruption of the respiratory system and blood circulation. An ill child is restless, throws himself into his bed, may contort and scream. Characteristic symptoms also include chills, dryness and puffiness of the face.

Staphylococcal enterocolitis is an extremely important intestinal disease. In 13% of cases, it will end in death. Illness is more common in premature and weak children. It can also be provoked by previous acute respiratory illnesses, taking antibiotics, artificial treatment and disruption of intestinal biocenosis.

The nature of the manifestations lies ahead of the type of microorganism:

Saprophytic staphylococcus. Saprophytic staphylococcus is characterized by an unimpaired sechostatic system.

Bіl lower abdomen (in women);

Underlying and local symptoms of staphylococcus in children

By systematizing the symptoms, it is possible to identify all manifestations in a large group: the underground and the local.

Show your pride:

Hanging on the skin and mucous membranes. Boils (“abscesses”), etc. In children, they are especially often localized on the mucous membrane of the nose and throat. About the difficult process we can talk about the development of spots, great boils.

Purulent separation in biological areas. Mucus from the nose, sputum with pockets of pus talk about damage to the mucous membranes of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.

Show it in the dark:

Staphylococcus on the intestinal mucous membrane provokes typical signs of development of acute colitis (and infections can be both in the small intestine and in the form of enterocolitis).

Symptoms include:

Abdominal pain (bulging, bursting);

Discomfortable sensations in the epigastric region (heaviness, bloating, swelling);

Houses of pus, blood, green mucus and potassium;

Taking antibiotics. Treatment with antibiotics for infectious pathologies (and especially staphylococcal ones) must be careful. Staphylococcus is hostile. Incompetent antibacterial disinfection will lead to the formation of bacteria, which has great persistence and virulence. It is important to take into account only those individuals to which staphylococci are sensitive (the trace comes from the results of bacteriological studies).

Wash, rinse. To fight bacteria on the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, rinse and rinse. The most commonly used drugs are sribla, iodinol, aqueous peroxide, as well as special drugs (Miramistin, etc.).

Taking vitamin-mineral complexes. Vikory is used to complete daily speeches.

Immune modulators. Renewal of the body's dry functions will stagnate.

Transfusion. A severe infection with staphylococcus can lead to severe complications, such as blood poisoning. In this case, it is impossible to do without a blood transfusion or plasma transfusion.

Prompt delivery. In severe chronic angina, removal of the tonsils is indicated, and surgery is also recommended if there are multiple skin lesions with clear exudate and inflammation.

To treat staphylococcus in children, you should always take vitamin C, which stimulates the immune system and supports the weakening of the baby’s body. In case of extreme purulent infections, it is recommended to use a bath and a poultice. The baby's skin should be kept as clean and dry as possible. It is also necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the nails and the whiteness of the sick child. Gradually remove stains, remove scabs and rot. Samples and disinfection are also applied to everyday items, dishes and clothes that were used by the sick child.

To prevent staphylococcal infection, it is necessary to adhere to sanitary standards and maintain epidemiological control. Women, mothers and newborns are obliged to undergo obligatory fastening. If putrid ignition illnesses are detected, they require hospitalization and treatment in departments with infectious diseases.

Thus, staphylococcal infection becomes a great danger for children (as well as for older children). Particularly dangerous and accessible is Staphylococcus aureus, which has high virulence and toxicity. Symptoms are extremely specific and manifest themselves individually in every child. In general, the picture of inflammation and purulence of the skin and mucous membranes of the body (nose, throat, intestines) is obvious.

Osvita: The diploma for the specialty “Likuvalna on the right” was taken from the Volgograd State Medical University. The specialist’s certificate dated 2014 was immediately revoked.

The variety of staphylococcal flora causes a lot of pathology in babies. One of the most aggressive infectious diseases is Staphylococcus aureus. This article talks about those who need to know about the dangerous microbes of fathers that breed babies.

What's this?

The environment that contains the human body contains a large number of different microbes. Staphylococci - do not reach parts of the vessel. At this time, more than twenty different types of these microorganisms have been identified, only three of them were created before the development of illness. The most dangerous and most aggressive is Staphylococcus aureus.

The outbreak of staphylococcal infection revealed many consequences at the end of the 19th century. The microbes got their names out of nowhere. When looking at microorganisms under a microscope, the stench looks like grapevine with a yellow color.

It causes various infections in babies. You can get sick either suddenly or without warning.

Doctors also call this microbe staphylococcus aureus or, in short, S. aureus. A short name is usually written for laboratory tests. This microbe has a whole arsenal of factors that can lead to the development of illness in children. Avoid such aggressive components hemolysins. These words have a harmful effect on the erythrocyte and leukocyte cells of the blood.

On the surface of the cell wall of bacteria there is a large set of antigen receptors. The stench itself causes rapid activation of the immune system when microorganisms are consumed in a child’s body.

If the child has already suffered from staphylococcal infection, then her immunity can be preserved against it. It is possible in this case, if the immune system works as efficiently as possible, without failures and destruction.

It should be noted that microbes can spend a long time in hostile minds. This feature is equipped with a thick cell wall, which protects their authority from the influx of external officials. Extremely high temperatures do not have a harmful effect on staphylococci. In order for them to fade, it is necessary to undergo drying, which should be carried out for at least 10-12 years.

These microorganisms are “cunningly mixed.” They have great potential for strengthening the immune system and can easily adapt to the infusion of various antibacterial agents. There is a lot to be said for this, which suggests a rapid development of antibiotic resistance in the human population. Incorrectly carried out face lifting and excessively squeezing of the face can quickly lead to bacteria adhere well to various preparations and preserve their vitality under the hour of therapy.

How is it transmitted?

Staphylococcus aureus is extremely contagious. It can be easily transmitted to people who are already infected, especially those who are already sick. The contact method of infection will continue to expand. If purulent wounds or sores appear on the baby’s skin, then with direct contact the risk of infection of a healthy baby increases many times over.

Nose infections can never be detected. A lot of people are sick with their noses and don’t even suspect about it. This means that their illness occurs in a latent or persistent form. This type of illness mainly occurs in people who may have good performance of the immune system. However, the veins are still infected with germ and you can easily become infected from it.

Both boys and girls can become infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Massive illnesses are often reported. And here the little ones become infected from each other during the hour of light supply and herds of food. Infection with wind-speckled weed is also more likely. Bacteria are easily destroyed from the mucous membranes of a sick child in health.

There is also an intrauterine variant of infection. This is, incredibly, more relevant for newlyweds and unsurprisingly. Infection often occurs during the intrauterine development of the baby. Bacteria, although small in size, can quickly spread through the placental bloodstream, reaching the fetal body.

In this case, the first unpleasant symptoms of illness appear, as a rule, in the newly born baby.

Symptoms

The incubation period of staphylococcal infection may vary. The individual state of the child during the hour of infection comes into play. According to statistics, the first symptoms of this infection appear in babies after 3-6 years from the moment bacteria enter the body. In some cases, the incubation period for illness can become short.

Staphylococcus aureus has no favorite localization. The peculiarity of these microorganisms is that the stench miraculously survives in any mind. These microbes can be detected during illness in various internal organs. This polymorphism of thoughts means that bacteria quickly spread through the bloodstream and are consumed from different anatomical zones. Having affected the internal organs, the stench causes the development of severe inflammation in them, which leads to disruption of functioning.

The most frequent localization of this bacterial process is the skin. Staphylococcus aureus may show very clinical signs on the skin and manifest illness.

Stinks, as a rule, are manifested by various foliculitis, dermatitis, bacterial infections, and furunculosis. The skin's curves turn bright red. When reaching them, the skin temperature increases.

Various clinical forms of illness that occur due to the release of purulent-necrotic elements are accompanied by lesions on the skin of the eyes. Stinks can vary in size and shape. Make sure that such achievements reach several centimeters. This variant of staphylococci can be considered as a local and broader variant of the disease.

In children, there are 2-3 years of age, which may lack a well-functioning immune system, and overcoming infectious pathology may be important. The illness is also severe in newborn children. The peculiarity of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is associated with the appearance of widespread and generalized forms of infectious illness in infants of the thoracic eyelid.

In some cases, children develop local purulent swellings that are localized on the face. The stench is often concentrated in the undergrowth. To eliminate these skin manifestations, it is often not enough to simply carry out a cosmetic examination using special cosmetics. In order to remove the putrid elements from exposure in such cases, it is necessary to antibacterial drugs.

Lesions in the organs of the intestinal tract also often become worse with this infection. They are characterized by the smell of various damage, which is especially due to intestinal dysbacteriosis.

This manifests itself in the appearance of various problems in the child associated with the act of defecation. A sick baby often develops severe constipation. In such falls, a twisting motion develops.

Pain in the abdomen increases in 60% of babies, patients with staphylococcal infection. The severity of the pain syndrome may vary. A severe trip is accompanied by the development of a pain syndrome, which may increase after driving. Some children show loss of appetite. People who fall ill or are unable to speak may appear during infancy.

The mucous membranes of the respiratory tracts are the entrance gates for the penetration of Staphylococcus aureus into the child's body. By spreading in the nasal passages, microbes begin to develop in children and suffer from severe rhinitis. Swede widening the infection instructs the rotted organ to absorb the swede into the ignition process. A couple of days after the undead baby appeared, it also showed characteristic changes in the throat and oropharynx.

Visible mucous membranes melt into a bright red color, and in some cases a “scorching” fermentation swells. The mova is lined with gray or yellow-green pouring. When bacterial stomatitis develops around the tooth sockets, severe inflammation occurs. Acute staphylococcal tonsilitis is accompanied by a large swelling that covers the entire outer surface of the tonsils.

The burnt palatal arches hang over the entrance to the throat. These specific sparks can be revealed independently. For this purpose, you need to use a teaspoon or a wooden spatula, which is sold at any pharmacy. The revealed sign of infection may be an important factor for large families to be sent to the doctor. Treat staphylococcal infection yourself at home absolutely not recommended The fragments can lead to worsening illness and increase the risk of possible complications.

Yak viyaviti?

An accurate diagnosis of staphylococcal infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus is only possible with the help of additional laboratory tests. These investigations are necessary to distinguish between normal and pathological conditions. It is possible to detect everyday infections in various biological materials. They are often detected in blood, feces, secretions from the throat and nasopharynx.

Analysis for dysbacteriosis be carried out for all babies who have symptoms of damage to the organs of the scolio-intestinal tract. This investigation helps to establish the stage of development of the pathological process of bark microflora, which is normally responsible for the skin of a healthy baby.

The main disadvantage of this investigation is its triviality. To achieve the result, it takes a number of days, and in some cases, a day or more.

To assess the severity of functional disorders, low biochemical studies are carried out, which allows us to determine the level of damage to vital organs. Instrumental diagnostic methods, such as radiography of the leg or ultrasonic examination of the cervical sac, are also carried out only in cases of varicose veins, if it is necessary to include the development or aggravation of concomitant chronic pathologies.

Likuvannya

Therapy of staphylococcal pathologies caused by Staphylococcus aureus is carried out with proper localization. Staphylococcal infection without treatment can be extremely dangerous. The basis of therapy is the use of medicinal antibacterial drugs.

The usefulness of antibiotics is determined by the severity of the underlying illness, and by the severity of unpleasant symptoms of the disease. The treatment plan will be covered by insurance for 7-14 days.

In case of severe illness, there may be a greater risk of drug stagnation.

The frequency and dosage of medications will be determined by the doctor as the child ages, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases of the internal organs in the child, which may interfere with the establishment of the necessary course of treatment. ї dose. Several groups of antibiotics can have a detrimental effect on staphylococcal flora. It is clear to them: penicillins protected by clavulanic acid, as well as cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generation. The remaining generations of antibacterial agents, included in the reserve group, rarely stagnate - only in case of severe overcoming of the infectious process and the presence of the effect before the treatment was carried out.

Symptomatic therapy includes the importance of anti-sweating functions. These drugs help to change the symptoms of severe intoxication. As antipyretic drugs, those based on paracetamol or ibuprofen are prescribed. The stench is detected when the body temperature is elevated above 38 degrees. Taking these benefits helps to relieve fever, that is, in 1-3 days.

To relieve a sore throat with staphylococcal pharyngitis or acute bacterial tonsillitis, go to cats of the place. In children's practice, drugs are successfully used in the form of lozenges. The stench is reserved for children older than three years old. Malya understands well that it is not possible to wrap them, but needs to be rubbed in her mouth until they are opened again. “Faringosept”, “Strepsils”, “Gramdin” These other drugs may have an antiseptic effect and help relieve pain when knitting.

Treatment of local skin forms of illness, which is characterized by the appearance of purulent formations on the skin, is carried out by a pediatric surgeon. The doctor should carry out the elimination of these elements in accordance with the appropriate course of antibacterial therapy. In some cases, it is necessary to perform an operation to clean up purulent lesions in the stomach caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Bacteriophages are another possible mechanism for the recovery of staphylococcal infections. These microorganisms can effectively cope with staphylococci. The existence of bacteriophages is widely observed in childhood practice. These medications have a minimum of side effects and, in most cases, use fewer drugs than antibiotics.

Decisions about the choice of bacteriophages or antibacterial drugs rest with the doctor. The tactics of licking always work well with the fathers.

What if you crush the wood chips?

To date, unfortunately, specific prevention of Staphylococcus aureus has not been developed. However, there are current drugs called splinters for staphylococcal infection. Dosit often does not introduce fathers into Oman. Such protistaphylococcal splittings are carried out with a medicinal, and not with a prophylactic method. Decisions about the need to continue this method of therapy in a particular baby stays with the doctor.

These drugs are most effective for generalized skin manifestations of staphylococcal infection. Severe illness may also be indicated before this type of therapy. The introduction of specific drugs helps to treat the child’s self-esteem, as well as the treatment of the most likely illness of a sick baby from staphylococcal infection.

All about staphylococcus in children, symptoms and treatment, watch in the upcoming video.

Throughout our lives, people come into contact with a lot of bacteria every day. Most of them do not bring any harm to people, and these microbes are simply necessary for the normal functioning of the body. At the same time, bacteria emerge, which can lead to serious illness, which is especially dangerous for infants.

Staphylococcus aureus can cause severe illness in cats. The manifestations in the analysis of cough, this infectious agent causes a lot of nutrition and concern among fathers. To understand the dangers of infection with pathogenic staphylococcus, it is necessary to learn about the specific characteristics of the disease that cause it.

Pediatrician, neonatologist

The Staphylococcus family includes more than 20 species, each with its own distinct skin signs. If we look at the skin of representatives of this family through a microscope, we can clearly see the abundance of round bacteria, which is what “grape groves” suggest. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that a microorganism occurs simultaneously in many areas, creating a specific picture.

Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) is rightfully considered the most familiar of all types of the family and can cause a lot of different illnesses. The range of manifestations of staphylococcal infection is large, starting with minor skin ailments, ending with important non-negotiable problems of internal organs.

The most susceptible to the manifestation of staphylococcal infection are newborn children and children in the first months of life due to the peculiarities of the immune system.

The microorganism got its name through its characteristic color. S. aureus has a golden bark to the exclusion of other barless members of the family. This feature is explained by the presence of the pigment of the carotenoid group.

It is not only the color of these staphylococci that is affected, but its pathogenic power, the likelihood of getting sick and the extreme resistance to factors of excessive stress are more important. This bacterium itself can grow and multiply in a wide range of temperatures (from 7 to 50 ° C), resistant to acidity and the addition of various antiseptics.

In addition, Staphylococcus aureus synthesizes a number of enzymes that promote penetration and rapid expansion in the body. For example, catalase protects the microbe from acid radicals, and b-lactamases destroy the structure of antibiotics. Coagulase ingests the plasma, creating a dry capsule around the bacterium. S. aureus vibrates without toxins, which means it is important to overcome staphylococcal infection.

Staphylococci have been successfully controlled with antibacterial drugs and strong antiseptics. Then the microbes began to join hands with the aggressive officials. Some of them have developed resistance to the most extreme antibiotics, which results in the most dangerous and severe illnesses. Fakhivtsi call this type of staphylococcus methicillin-resistant (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA).

Stars of Staphylococcus aureus

The favorite place of residence of Staphylococcus aureus is the mucous membrane of the nose and oral cavity. Sometimes the microbe can be found in the intestines, on the skin of the crotch and in the groin recesses. About 39% of healthy adult people carry S. aureus, and the microbe is usually detected during routine closure of the oropharynx.

The disease is transmitted by wind-drops (during roses, coughs, coughs) or by contact (through clogged hands, footwear) by means of contact. The appearance of S. aureus in an empty nose and mouth is often detected even in newborn children. In this case, mothers or medical workers with asymptomatic cases of staphylococcus are subject to supervision of the baby.

You can eat staphylococcus by standing on the walls of medicine. The frequency of carrying bacteria in the nasopharynx of single-parent children reaches 50%. Staphylococcus aureus in the intestines cannot enter the microflora warehouse in 40% of children, until 2-3 years of age this indicator decreases to 10-15%.

What is transient dysbacteriosis of newborns?

If vomiting proceeds normally, and the placenta copes with its drying function, the plaid becomes sterile. When new microorganisms enter a new world, the skin and intestines of the child are colonized by various bacteria. Already before bedtime, the baby picks up the microflora of the mother's body, then further contamination with microorganisms occurs from the wind, mother's milk, and the hands of medical staff.

If you even out the microflora of an adult or an adult, you can identify completely different bacteria. In early life, mentally pathogenic staphylococci, fungi, and various types of proteus are often found on the skin, mucous membranes, and intestines.

This condition is called transient (to pass) dysbacteriosis of newborns. As the baby grows, already in the 1st-3rd life there is a transformation of the microflora. Poor bacteria gradually emerge from the intestines with bifidobacteria, and the skin is populated with saprophytes. It turns out that staphylococcus is very common in newborns.

Officials are at risk for the development of staphylococcal infection

Why do some children show signs of illness, while others still don’t know about their condition?

It has been established that the minds must heal until they become ill, e:

disruption of the immune system;
damage to the skin and mucous membranes;
suppression of the growth of normal microflora of the child.

The mother's close resting with her baby immediately after birth, the baby's birth, inclusively prevents the colonization of “bark” microorganisms. Necessary small bacteria gradually eliminate the pathogenic flora and promote normal functioning of the body.

In cases of inadequacy of the sanitary and hygienic regime, insufficient supervision of the baby, the baby's milk supply, replacement of normal microflora can be prolonged, and the risk of developing illness increases.

Manifest staphylococcal infection in newborns and remain silent

The first signs of illness can appear a few days after marriage, or in the first year of life. Staphylococcus aureus in a child can cause a variety of illnesses, but more often the skin, umbilical wound and intestines are affected.

Omphalitis

If the hygiene regime is not followed, infection may penetrate into the umbilical wound. The scorched seaweed burns like an umbilical excess, and it attacks the skin, the subcutaneous fatty tissue and the skin of this galus. The baby's body suddenly becomes weaker, the baby becomes sloppy, sleepy, and sits near the vase.

Omphalitis in a newborn is a serious illness that requires extensive attention to the doctor and comprehensive treatment. The same treatment regimen may lead to an increase in infection and the development of sepsis.

Skin damage

This ailment affects children in their first years of life. On the scalp of the head, crest, seat, and natural folds, small (up to several millimeters) spots appear. The elements that have settled are on top of the clear vision, and then become troubled. The heaviness will begin to linger due to the amount of sagging, but in general will overcome the illness.

Bulbashka newborn groom

When the skin becomes ill, it manifests itself in the formation of bulbs up to 1 cm in diameter, on top of which there is a thin, serous-purulent core. As the element grows, an erosive surface appears, then a crust appears. The screaming stage breaks down, and the baby shows all the signs of intoxication.

Bulbashka of the newlywed is not safe, the disease is highly contagious. In case of immediate adequate treatment, resting time occurs no earlier than 2–3 years after the first symptoms appear.

Ritter's exfoliative dermatitis

This most important form of staphylococcal skin infection in newborns begins in the 1st - 2nd year of the baby’s life. The disease manifests itself through the healing of cracks and swelling in the physiological folds, navel, and mouth.

Literally after a few years, the infection spreads throughout the body, developing patches of redness on the stomach, chest, and ends. In the distance, there are bumps, cracks, and erosions that are difficult to clean. The attitude of unspokenness in one’s own mind is definitely growing.

Due to the specific treatment of the skin, this illness is often called “singed skin syndrome.” The cause of the illness is hospital-acquired staphylococcus, which has increased its resistance.

Other diseases of the skin, infection with Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus in cats can cause purulent inflammation of the hair follicles, so we talk about foliculitis. As the tissue tissue expands, an abscess, furunculosis or carbuncle occurs (as the process results in a number of follicles).

Intestinal disease

Protracted staphylococcal enterocolitis It is not uncommon to torment children during the first three months. Such a seizure in a child is caused by frequent emptiness, often green in color, with a small amount of mucus or blood. The baby's body has a lot to do with the severity of the infection. In mild cases, the child suffers from slight frequent bowel movements and no signs of dyspeptic disorders.

If it is important to carry an illness, then great rhizi will develop against the backdrop of a lot of vomiting. With microbiological examination of the emptying of the cryte, Staphylococcus aureus is detected in the feces of the cat.

Illnesses of the wild roads

Although Staphylococcus aureus can cause various disorders of the respiratory system in captives, but stinks occur more often in children of middle and old age. In some situations, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, otitis of a staphylococcal nature may appear, and in some cases it may not occur. Such ailments are characterized by the severity of the flow, and staphylococcal pneumonia often leads to the development of complications (abscess, pleurisy, pneumothorax).

Imaging of various organs

Staphylococcus in the invisible can cause illness in almost any organ. Unusual episodes of purulent inflammation of the bone tissue (osteomyelitis), called for by this very day. Approximately 2 - 3% of meningitis in humans occurs through penetration of S. aureus into the meninges. Multiple purulent infections of various organs may occur during sepsis (extensive inflammatory process).

Sepsis

The development of the systemic subspecies is transmitted by the entry of the exciter into the bloodstream of the baby and its distribution throughout all organs. Due to its extraordinary powers, high resistance and generation of toxins, the created microbe quickly multiplies in the body, resolving the seeds of purulent infection.

How dangerous is staphylococcus for a newborn?

It is especially dangerous to infect newborns with various pathologies and premature babies with staphylococcus. These screams are more vulnerable to the systemic ignition line. However, with proper treatment, the mortality rate in this group is 20%.

At the same time, these little ones are very sick to the point of serious illness. The reason for this is a decreased immune reactivity, and the difficulty of being in a separate intensive care unit and another stage of recovery, and carrying out invasive manipulations (installation of boats, shvl).

The presence of an alarm in the nasal passages of the newborn is of great epidemiological significance and, for unfriendly minds, increases the risk of developing sepsis by 3 times. Since Staphylococcus aureus is found not only in the empty nose, but also in the umbilical band, the risk of a guilty disease will increase in 10 times.

Diagnostic methods

Microscopy

To determine whether a child has a staphylococcal infection, microscopic examination of nasal passages and oral fluids, feces and biological fluids can be carried out. The results of this investigation can be seen immediately after preparing the biomaterial for Gram. It’s not wise to make a diagnosis without resorting to this method. This method helps to suspect the alarm and determine the plan for further quilting of the baby.

Blood tests using ELISA and RPGA methods do not have diagnostic value and cannot be used to identify the disease.

The most extensive and clinically significant diagnostic method has been deprived of inoculation of biomaterial on the living center for the past three years. Already after 18 - 24 years, the pre-springs may begin to show the appearance of yellow color colonies. Using this method, it is possible not only to detect Staphylococcus aureus, but also to identify it, meaning its power, sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

Particular attention is paid to the sensitivity of the microorganism to oxacillin. Staphylococci resistant to this drug will be resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, which are often used in practice, including cephalosporins.

Express diagnostics

For a specific diagnosis, you can use a special latex aglutination test. This test relies on a gluing reagent containing fibrinogen and antibodies, coagulase and protein A, effective for Staphylococcus aureus. Already 2 weeks after performing the test, it is possible to detect an aglutination reaction, the creation of specific breasts.

The detection of the bacteria itself in sterile biological media (cuts, spinal cord, blood, pleural exudate) always indicates the development of staphylococcal infection.

Likuvannya got sick, succumbed to Staphylococcus aureus

In addition, there is a need for treatment and administration of antibacterial drugs when Staphylococcus aureus is detected in a baby. Before making decisions about the effectiveness of therapy and selecting the necessary medications for the child, it is only possible for the doctor to assess the situation first. However, the carriage of S. aureus in a child will not always end in the development of illness.

The main groups of drugs for the treatment of staphylococcal infection

Antibacterial drugs

Once a staphylococcal infection develops, it is often necessary to use systemic antibiotics. The result of bacteriological culture will help in the selection of the necessary method due to the sensitivity to the expansion of preparations. Thus, once miticilin-sensitive staphylococcus is identified, a variety of medicinal treatments will be effective. group of β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides, cephalosporins.(“Ampioks”, “Oxacillin”, “Cefepim”).

The current situation with infectious diseases caused by methicillin-resistant strains of the disease. Primary drugs are often found to be ineffective. Doctors have to use potent treatments with sensitivity to antibiotics (“Vancomycin”, “Ciprofloxocin”, “Fuzidin”, “Clindamycin”).

Since the staphylococcal infection has led to the development of a severe condition in the baby, it is necessary to use several antimicrobial agents, combinations of antibiotics from different groups.

High efficiency of treatment and minimal side effects occur due to stagnation of phage therapy. These preparations contain specific viruses created to the depletion of song bacteria. In case of staphylococcal infection, “Staphylococcal bacteriophage” and “Piobacteriophage” are produced.

In case of infection, these drugs can be taken locally, as a lotion and powder, or as a supplement, for staphylococcal enteritis. In addition, there are ways to prepare for insertion into the empty parts of the body, for example, into the cervix or pleura.

Immunostimulants

For the formation of chemical mechanisms against staphylococcus, special vaccines and staphylococcal toxoid were developed. Antibodies are ready before bedtime, a small patient can receive antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin, hyperimmune plasma.

If your baby often suffers from acute staphylococcal infection, you should look at the nutritional consolidation of drugs based on bacterial lysates (“IRS-19”, “Bronchomunal”, “Imudon”). These preparations formulate immune protection against various bacteria. Although we would like to talk more about the positive results of treatment in these ways, their effectiveness has not yet been demonstrated.

Antihypertensive procedures

Of great importance in the development of staphylococcal infection is the state of the baby’s immune system. Fathers should not forget about the importance of such simple and accessible methods of valuing the body’s dead forces, such as preserving, regular walks, and eating properly.

Children of the first 6 months should be fed exclusively with breast milk, which promotes the development of normal intestinal microflora and forms an immune defense against many infections. The diet after breakfast may be varied, but be sure to include fresh fruits and vegetables, porridge and meat. These products are rich in essential baby vitamins and microelements.

Complication and inheritance of staphylococcal infection

The most dangerous complications of staphylococcal infection for cough are sepsis. Particularly dangerous for newborn omphalitis, fragments in the umbilical vessels rapidly spread throughout the entire body.

In addition, after suffering an acute infection, children often develop chronic illnesses of the respiratory and herbal systems. When the dry power of the body is destroyed, signs of illness may appear again.

To protect your baby from being infected with staphylococcus, immediately detect and cure nasal illness. Medical personnel of hospital hospitals regularly undergo scheduled examinations, and, if necessary, medical workers provide additional care.

The birth of the baby after birth from the mother, placement in life and before significantly reduces the risk of infection of the newborn with pathogenic bacteria.

To prevent illnesses in your baby, be sure to follow a hygienic regime and carefully wash your hands when looking after the baby. Avoid contact with adults and prevent infections in the nasopharynx and skin of the hands.

The development of mental pathogenic microbes in children's bodies, such as staphylococci, is prevented by insufficiently strong immunity. The bacterium can infect various organs and cause serious and serious illnesses. However, if staphylococcus is detected, it is necessary to immediately treat with antibiotics. It is much more important to renew the intestinal microflora so that bacteria can enter and cause infection. It is important to follow preventive measures to protect the child from harmful microorganisms.

Zmist:

Zagal characteristics of staphylococcus

Bacteria are introduced to the staphylococci, which under a microscope look like tiny oval or round grains. The stench is grouped together, creating a “grona” (“staphylococcus” translated from Greek means “grona of grains”). There are no species of these bacteria. It was revealed that there are 14 species in the human body, among which the most dangerous are: epidermal, saprophytic, hemolytic and Staphylococcus aureus.

The mechanism of their damage to the body is associated with the presence of “official pathogenicity” - the presence of toxic substances produced during the process of their life. Since the immune defense in humans is not strong enough (as, for example, in the body of a child), staphylococci penetrate the blood, lymph, and tissues of the body. Here they smell toxic enzymes, hemolysins (poor blood cells - erythrocytes, leukocytes, etc.) and a host of other harmful substances. The very presence of a large group of toxic factors leads to the emergence of various illnesses, such as sepsis, pneumonia, intestinal infection, meningitis and others.

Note: To be clear, it can be noted that the diphtheria stick, for example, contains a single toxin and can lead to more than one illness.

Level of concern for different types of staphylococci

The presence of pathogenic staphylococci in this species is due to the fact that in which part of the body it is important to live. The skin type is the main cause of specific illnesses.

Staphylococcus epidermidis

It hangs around the skin and mucous membranes. Although there are no wounds or damage to them, the bacteria are not harmful to humans (unfortunately), but the cortical microflora and immune cells can easily neutralize its harmful effects. Most often, it becomes unsafe for people who have undergone operations, and there may still be wounds on the skin, caused by injuries. The last legacy of the influx of staphylococcus is abscesses on the skin. Bacteria often attack the mucous membranes of the nose, throat and eyes. Penetrating into the body of children, staphylococcus can cause such serious pathologies as inflammation of the internal mucous membrane (endocarditis) and blood poisoning.

Saprophytic staphylococcus

This bacterium rarely affects children. The influx of saprophytic bacteria, as a rule, is the cause of inflammation of the female reproductive organs. For babies, such bacteria are the most dangerous. Illness, as a rule, is rapid and easily progresses over several days.

Hemolytic staphylococcus

Severe to hemolysis, then the destruction of blood cells. This type of bacterium infects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and throat. The result is purulent inflammatory processes (sore throat, tonsillitis, sinusitis). Complications may include otitis media, inflammation of the lymph nodes, and scarlet fever. This type of microbe is extremely resistant to antibiotics and is easily spread by vessels to any other organs.

Staphylococcus aureus

The pathogenicity of this species of bacterium is greatest. Since staphylococci of other species do not produce any toxin, this species is seen in a regular set, damaging the tissues of various organs. Bacteria of this type are resistant to most antibiotics. These smells develop quickly in the body of both babies and adults.

Under a microscope, it can be seen that the bacterium is embedded in an orange color, which is the name given to it. The microbe is extremely resistant to the environment. You can preserve your life for a long time by changing the sun, drying, heating to a temperature of 150°. Do not use such strong disinfectants as ethyl alcohol and water peroxide. However, sprinkling with peroxide can be used to treat yogurt, as jelly, as it seems, survives yogurt.

However, effective antiseptics that kill the staphylococcal bacteria still fail. This is primarily “brown green”, as well as “methylene blue” - words from the group of organic barberries, which are used in water for the prevention and treatment of wounds.

Video: Features of the development of staphylococcal infection

Causes of development of staphylococcal infection

In principle, staphylococci (including aureus) are classified as mentally pathogenic bacteria. The stench is present in a healthy body and is not harmful. The child is constantly exposed to bacteria found on household items, toys, clothes, and food products.

The immune system of a newborn baby can be damaged by illness. If, for whatever reason, the immunity is weak, the infection begins to multiply rapidly. The transformation will lead to an increase in the number of ailments. For example, the factors that contribute to the activation of staphylococci in the body in humans are:

weakened immunity in the expectant mother during pregnancy, because she suffered from an infection and was treated with antibiotics or took hormonal medications;
underdevelopment of the immune system in premature babies or developmental delays;
Reduced resistance to infection in baby creatures that come from dancing with milk bags.

Bacteria can enter the body because the smell is found in the mother's milk or she has a disease of the mammary tract. However, in breast milk, staphylococci are absorbed from the surface of the healthy skin. If a woman who is one year old has any symptoms of illness, and instead of staphylococcus in milk is acceptable, do not breastfeed a one-year-old baby.

Children of any age are likely to weaken the body's dry forces after colds, intestinal infections and other illnesses, and as a result take antibiotics. The development of staphylococcus in children is caused by insufficiently careful monitoring of them from the side of adults, and failure to teach the child the rules of hygiene.

The cause of illness may be the ingestion of dirty vegetables and fruits. Staphylococci are absorbed into the body along with the skin (when extracting, for example, a huge distance from the skin, the person prepares a wound on the skin of the hand). Infection can also occur through direct contact between a child and an adult or child.

Video: Ways of infecting children with staphylococcal infection. Features of treatment

Symptoms of staphylococcal infection in children

Staphylococcal infection occurs in 2 forms – early and late. The early form is a disease that manifests itself only a few years after the beginning of the pathological development of staphylococci in the body. The late form manifests itself in just a few days (from 3 to 5).

Typical signs of staphylococcal infection in a child:

appearance on the skin of a pustular visip, nariv;
stomatitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth), conjunctivitis;
cramps and colic in the abdomen, movement of flatulence, diarrhea.

The child's temperature rises to 38°-38.5°. It's boring, it makes you vomit. The little one is small and weak. Symptoms of illness in this skin condition depend on the localization of the disease, the age of the disease, its development, the appearance of previous illnesses, and the development of immunity.

In which organs does Staphylococcus aureus appear more often?

Most often, staphylococcal infection affects the intestinal tract, ENT organs, skin, and eyes. Apparently, in this case, intestinal dysbiosis, sore throat, conjunctivitis, and sore skin are to be avoided.

Very rarely (in children with minor disabilities, who are at risk of serious congenital illness or illness, who have undergone surgery), the legs, brain, heart, joints and circulatory system are affected.

Symptoms of intestinal infection

Possible inflammation of the rectum (colitis) or the entire intestine (enterocolitis). In children, infusion of staphylococcus onto the mucous membrane of the intestine can lead to spasmodic pain in the abdomen, which feels like heaviness in the pouch. Avoid enlargement of the liver and spleen. It's boring and vomiting. Increases in temperature are possible.

The stalk is rare, green, with houses of mucus, pus and blood. It is common to be sick until the intestines become empty. Beware of signs of dehydration in the body: dry mouth, crying without tears, occasional bleeding, headache, sore eyes, wrinkled skin.

Signs of sore throat and mucous membrane of the mouth

Symptoms of angina appear: sore throat when working, redness and inflammation of the tonsils. It appears as a sore throat (stomatitis), and shows signs of intoxication throughout the entire body (high temperature, fatigue, confusion, headache, swelling).

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

The rotten undead blames. No deposits through the plaque of the mucous membrane. The inflammation quickly spreads to the maxillary sinuses. The child is breathing with her mouth. At this point, body temperature rises and other signs of intoxication appear in the body.

Symptoms of skin infection

In children, staphylococcal infection often develops in the skin. The bacterium does not survive under pouring salt, which removes human pets, which protects the skin from many other microorganisms. Penetrating into the pores, the microbe begins to destroy the skin cells, which vibrate the sebaceous deposits, spreading the white base of the hairs. This causes the hair follicles to burn.

In the old fields, putrid pustules appear on the skins. This sudden deterioration can lead to a rapid expansion of the infection in the vascular area. Due to the lack of timely bathing, deep boils (boils) are to blame, which are angry with each other, soothing carbuncles, which is important to fight. Possibility of cooking boils and barley.

Signs of development of staphylococcal infection in cats

In cats, Staphylococcus aureus most often attacks the respiratory organs, leading to staphylococcal pneumonia. Newborns can fall ill already in the canopy. Moreover, the infection is developing rapidly. Intoxication of the body can lead to the appearance of symptoms such as impaired breathing, dry cough, severe sweating, and elevated body temperature.

Perhaps the umbilical wound is inflamed. There are marks on the face, sagging on the skin, and rotten spots on the nose. The infection quickly spreads everywhere, affecting the intestines. There is bloating in the abdomen, increased passage of gases, and diarrhea. The baby appears in front of the breasts, often stares, and quickly sucks in the vagina. If treatment is ineffective, the outcome may be fatal.

Diagnostics

If a child shows signs of developing a staphylococcal infection, it is imperative to go to the doctor to get a blood test, stool test, swab test, nasal swab, removed from the surface of the skin.

The blood is monitored for the presence of serum antibodies to staphylococci. PLR analysis makes it possible to clarify the type of infection based on the characteristic composition of DNA molecules. External blood analysis makes it possible to detect the ignition process, determine the level of hemoglobin and other characteristic changes in indicators.

If staphylococcus bacteria are detected in feces, and their quantity exceeds the norm, analyze the mother's milk to clarify the cause of the baby's infection. If the test result is positive, the child is transferred to a piece of food.

To select the most effective antibiotic, perform bacteriological culture of swabs from the nose and throat to determine the sensitivity of microbes to the drugs.

If necessary, endoscopic examination of the intestine is carried out to identify the stage of deterioration of the mucous membrane.

The principle of rejoicing

In the opinion of most pediatricians, the drive for the cob should be the excess of the norm instead of staphylococci in children in the blood, feces, as well as the presence of obvious symptoms of illness. For example, dear children's doctor E. Komarovsky, in his articles and lectures, emphasizes that it is necessary to start treating with antibiotics only when the baby has green mucus, blood, pus in the feces, as well as formed abscesses on the head or blood infection. In other cases, the main method of treatment is to improve the immune system.

If the skin is damaged, treat it with bactericidal agents (brilliant is especially effective), as well as apply ointments with antibacterial and cell-regenerating preparations. The stinks are selected strictly from the care of the child, and are chosen especially for the doctor’s confessions. For treatment, Vishnevsky ointment is often used.

You can remove the burntness and swelling of the skin, put out putrid visip with the help of herbs, celandine, calendula, chamomile, oak bark. You can use lotions and wet baths.

For intestinal illnesses, as well as for severe problems with other organs, antibiotics are prescribed. Moreover, the use of an incorrectly selected drug leads to the fermentation of bacteria, which is especially susceptible to the action of antibiotics. In this case, there will be even more problems with treatment.

For sore throat and mucus, treat with antiseptic solution miramistin, rinse with iodinol or nitric acid solution.

In case of sepsis, a blood transfusion or plasma infusion is performed. In some cases it is impossible to manage without surgical operations, such as removing the tonsils or removing abscesses on the skin.

To improve the immune system, children should take vitamins and immunomodulators.

Prevention

In order to prevent the infection of children with staphylococci and the development of infection, it is necessary, first of all, to follow the rules of hygienic supervision of the baby, to train him to be clean and neat. Do not buy small children’s food from fancy street sellers, give them cowbass, smoked meats, or canned goods.

It is necessary to think about the importance of the baby’s immunity: conditioning of the body, physical development, and complete nutrition. In order to prevent the development of staphylococcal infection in newborns, obligatory fastening of vaginal wives is carried out.

The TOP of childhood infectious diseases is overwhelming. It is especially often diagnosed in neonates and newborns.

Staphylococci are a whole group of bacteria that belong to the Staphylococcaceae family. Stinks are facultative anaerobes, that is. organisms that develop in the midsection, which is a daily kisen. However, sour cream itself is not detrimental to the life of bacteria.

The cells of these microorganisms give shape to the body; When bacteria divide, they create colonies, which are like grapes. Microbes in the course of their life produce endotoxins, as well as enzymes, which negatively affect the cells of human organs and systems. These are the effects of these toxins and the symptoms that should be avoided in a sick child are known.

Secret news about staphylococci

Jerel expands the infectious agent and the spread of pathogenic strains. Of particular concern for those who are absent are patients with open areas of purulent fire. The zbudnik is transmitted by wind-drops, contact-buty and alimentary paths. Preschool children most often become infected by living with contaminated food products and by contact with sick yearlings.

The group of illnesses known as “staphylococcal infection” includes pustular inflammation of the skin, damage to the intestines, pathologies of the ENT organs, inflammation of the cystic tissue, etc. The infectious agent may be detected in tests of blood, feces, and scrapes from the surface of the skin.

Not all types of staphylococci pose a serious threat to adult children. Moreover, often pathogenic cocci of this family cannot cause serious illness in the child. For example, the presence of bacteria on the mucous membranes of the throat does not lead to serious consequences, as the baby has a high risk.

The greatest concern is, especially during the active phase of illness in animals. The apparently high incidence of illness among newborns is due to the fact that early in life the baby does not synthesize immunoglobulin IgA, which largely contributes to the level of local immunity.

Restore respect:Staphylococcus aureus, having lost its name, is a bacteria that synthesizes a pigment that forms colonies that settle on solid living tissues, with a characteristic golden or orange color.

Classification of staphylococcal infection

According to the accepted international classification, the following types of illness can be seen:

staphylococcus;
septicemia with unspecified disease;
septicemia, infection with Staphylococcus aureus ;
septicemia, caused by other specified staphylococci.

Restore respect:Staphylococcal infections, as a rule, are sporadic (irregular), however, there are epidemics in nursing homes and in separate hospitals.

Types of staphylococci that appear in children

There are several types of staphylococci:

saprophytic;
epidermal;
hemolytic;

Saprophyte is rarely detected in children. It affects the skin and mucous membranes of the organs of the sechostatic system, causing acute inflammation of the urethra and sechoic fur. This infectious agent is considered the least dangerous for the child; With adequate therapy, it can be recovered in just a few days.

Epidermal can multiply on any patches of the skin and mucous membranes of the ENT organs and eyes. It provokes conjunctivitis, purulent infections of the glands and post-operative complications. In severe cases, endocarditis and sepsis may occur. The rhiziku group includes weak and premature babies, as well as children who have undergone various operations. For a child with high tension, the immune system is not safe; The very fact of the presence of epidermal staphylococcus on the mucous membranes of children is assessed as the norm, since the baby feels well. Skin lesions are indicated for local therapy.

Hemolytic staphylococcus can cause purulent ignition processes in many organs. It affects the skin, organs of the thyroid system and endocardium. During this infection, with reduced immunity and the absence of treatment, septicemia may develop.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most pathogenic for humans, as it causes purulent inflammation in all tissues and organs. Wine is characterized by high virulence (pathogenicity) and resistance to drying, boiling, ultraviolet radiation and the infusion of antiseptics such as water peroxide and ethanol.

A specific feature of this organism is its ability to synthesize the enzyme coagulase. The infectious agent quickly adapts to antibiotics, developing resistance (unresponsiveness). It is especially unsafe to use methicillin-resistant compounds that are resistant to beta-lactams (cephalosporin and penicillin drugs). The identification of this infectious agent in the analysis of stool or mucous membranes is a basis for the beginning of complex therapy for children with impaired self-esteem in children.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in children

The clinical manifestations of staphylococcal infection are quite varied.

The smell lies in the following factors:

type of zbudnik;
age of child;
immune status;
anterior sensitization;
a number of microorganisms;
the presence of concomitant illnesses;
the furtive camp of the baby.

Important:The most pronounced reaction from the side of the immune system is observed when infected with Staphylococcus aureus.

The doctor’s job is to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate therapy. In this case, the fathers need to report to the father about the changes at the child’s camp. Self-indulgence is unacceptable, as it may cause the development of serious and potentially life-threatening complications for the baby.

It is common to consider 2 forms of staphylococcal infection in children - early and late. In the first stage, clinical symptoms develop within a few years after the infectious agent has entered the child’s body. For others, signs of illness appear only after 2-5 days.

The main symptoms of staphylococcus in children:

Important:If treatment with staphylococcus is not immediately detected, children may develop generalized septicemia.

Diagnostics

It is impossible to determine the nature of the infection (type of illness) in the home, so if a child develops the first symptoms of a staphylococcal infection, it is recommended to immediately seek medical help.

To identify the infectious agent, the doctor first performs a low level of analysis. Laboratory examination of blood, stool, purulent water and fluid from the skin and mucous membranes is carried out. The collection of material must be carried out in the acute phase of illness, as microorganisms are most active during this period and are easiest to detect.

Important:The presence of staphylococci in the blood is not yet to be discussed. If there is no proliferation of bacteria, then the so-called. "transient bacteria".

At the initial stage, the sensitivity of the identified strain of staphylococcus is established. This requires adequate antibiotic therapy.

Important:During standard blood testing, Staphylococcus aureus is not immediately detected. The most informative laboratory diagnostic method is bacteriological culture.

Serological blood test

The material for investigation is blood serum from a sick child. The diagnosis must be confirmed if specific antibodies to the infectious agent have been identified.

PLR

The polymerase Lanzug reaction is an additional analysis that allows one to detect single molecules of Staphylococcus DNA.

Analysis of mother's expressed breast milk

This investigation is necessary if staphylococci are detected in the infant’s stool, in many cases that exceed the permissible norms. The analysis makes it possible to identify possible germ infections (microorganisms are easily transmitted to children and mothers).

A positive result is the basis for non-transferred baby to piece milk bags.

Restore respect:The insignificant presence of bacteria in the baby’s body does not yet allow us to talk about staphylococcal infection, especially since the baby itself does not seem to be suffering. There is no need for treatment in such situations.

Treatment of staphylococcal infection in children

Treatment of staphylococcus in children is indicated after assessing the underlying clinical picture and the totality of symptoms and laboratory data.

Local treatment of staphylococcus in children

Local bathing includes cleaning wounds (including post-operative wounds) and applying antiseptic preparations to the skin for external drying. One of the most effective antiseptics is pharmaceutical grade diamond green, or green green. Before her, the most sensitive of the staphylococci is the most sensitive one - the golden one. For external skin treatment, water peroxide, 70% ethanol and Vishnevsky's line are also used (this ointment is especially effective for pyoderma).

As an additional method of treatment, washing, rinsing the throat and emptying the mouth with weak doses of antiseptics is indicated.

Zagalne likuvannya

In case of generalized infection (sepsis), hospitals carry out treatment for staphylococcus in children with chronic blood transfusions - blood and plasma transfusions.

In serious cases, surgical intervention may be indicated, as a method of sanitation in the middle of a purulent inflammation.

Prevention

Apparently, any infection, including staphylococcal infection, is much easier to prevent than to treat. For healthy children with high immunity, staphylococci are not a concern - the chemical mechanisms at work will get rid of them on their own. Thus, the main tasks of prevention include preventing the influx of negative factors on the child.

Factors that negatively affect immunity include:

Children from an early age should get into the habit of regularly washing their hands with their loved ones (children of a young age should be helped by their fathers), and should not be allowed to put toys or other objects in their mouths that may harbor bacteria.

Important: To improve immunity and reduce the likelihood of developing staphylococcus in children, children should be taken out for walks in the fresh air more often, and rather than play rough games. Before your diet, you should not include smoked meats, vegetables and, what’s more, fast food. The cultivation of beurt and malt is completely limited. It is important to take your child for walks more often, so that you can be exposed to unobstructed winds.

Children of preschool and young school age are recommended to preserve the body's dehydrated forces (regular wiping and douching), as well as physical education and sports.

Chumachenko Olga, pediatrician