Tuberculosis. Symptoms, signs, stages and exuberance in adults. People's welfare, medicines. Tuberculosis symptoms

Tuberculosis legenia: symptoms, prevention and treatment methods

Tuberculosis is a widespread and potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the so-called tuberculosis wand or Koch wand).

Tuberculosis most often affects the legenia of a person (tuberculosis legen), but it can also attack the central nervous system, the lymphatic system, the blood vessels, the bones, the sechostatic system and the skin. Shards in the world are fixed everywhere by the epidemic of tuberculosis, skin people can know how to recognize the first symptoms of ailments and conduct effective treatment.

What is it?

Tuberculosis is a widely spread infectious disease that is caused by different types of mycobacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group (M. tuberculosis and other closely related spore species) or otherwise Koch's sticks.

In humans, tuberculosis sounds like an enemy of legenia, more like sticking around other organs and systems. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted by a reddish-mottled route with roses, coughs and wheezing. Most often, after infection with mycobacteria, infection occurs in asymptomatic, addictive forms (tuberculosis), but approximately one in ten cases of addictive infection, zreshtoyu, passes into the active form.

The classic symptoms of tuberculosis are mild cough with phlegm, sometimes with hemoptysis, which manifests itself at the late stages, fever, weakness, nighttime drinking and significant weight loss.

How can one get infected with tuberculosis?

Unfortunately, it is possible to get infected with tuberculosis and it is easier, I think. For the statistics of the skin second in the world, one buys from one's own organism an unfortunate guest - MBT. Tuberculosis mycobacteria can be taken in any public area, moreover, more often than not in human trade, in public transport, and in medical mortgages, it is the greatest risk. One ailment for a chronic form of tuberculosis for rіk vykidaє in a period of about seven and a half billion bacteria and infects about 15 osіb. The All-World Organization for the Protection of Health is asserting that a third of the population of our planet (about 2 billion people) is infected with tuberculosis. So why didn't we die?

Tuberculosis is transmitted from person to person in a streaked way, so you can get infected without direct contact with the sick, but simply by staying with him in the same room. In some cases, infection occurs through food products and other objects infected with Koch's sticks. Just as the workers ate tuberculosis into the body of a hedgehog, then tuberculosis in children and adults attacks the duct-intestinal tract, and not legenia, as it happens when inhaling the infected air. Maximum care should be taken to reach people who often come into contact with ailments and can promote susceptibility to the health of the people.

On the right, in the fact that the immunity of a healthy person is an impenetrable barrier for millions of microbes and bacteria that bombard our bodies every day. Tuberculosis sticks will not be allowed to take root, and wear, better for everything, by no means go over to the ailment. Albeit an organism of weakening and strife, mycobacteria, which is alive, do not get hung up on a chance for a happy future. Colds, stress, malnutrition, avitaminosis and other factors that are friendly to MBT can provoke an ear of the active stage of tuberculosis.

Primary and secondary form

In addition, if a person fell ill with tuberculosis earlier, they distinguish between primary and secondary tuberculosis.

Primary tuberculosis is a severe form of illness, as it begins to manifest itself after the consumption of a pathogenic bug in the blood. Often, primary tuberculosis occurs in children who have not reached 5 years of age. It seems to me that the immune system has not yet been formed in children, so that it is not possible to get infected with mycobacteria. Irrespective of those who are sick at this period, it is important, it is not unsafe for those who are sick. On the cob with primary tuberculosis in legenia, a small granuloma is established. This is the first hole of the wounded legen, like a time with a friendly result, it can independently heal. So, the patient may not suspect that he really had an illness for tuberculosis, writing off his self-esteem for a cold. However, after the thoracic radiography, it appears that in the legs of a new granuloma, it has healed. The development of a nasty scenario conveys an increase in granulomas and empty stools, in which tubercular sticks accumulate. Mycobacteria come from the blood, spread throughout the whole organism.
secondary tuberculosis. This form of illness is blamed for that depression, if a person once already fell ill with tuberculosis, but then she became infected with another type of mycobacteria. Otherwise, secondary tuberculosis can run like a severe remission of illness. Secondary tuberculosis occurs much more important than the first one. New cavities are established in the legenia. At a number of vipadkіv the stench roils almost one and one, that they get angry, satisfying the great empty. Approximately 30% of patients with secondary tuberculosis die for 2-3 months after the onion of the disease.

Also, there are legenev and non-legenev forms of tuberculosis. Phases of the tuberculous process: infiltration, disintegration, dissemination; rozmoktuvannya, strengthening, scarring, zvapnіnnya. Larger lower than 90% in case of a legenevu form of tuberculosis. It is also possible to damage the sechostatic organs, brain, bones, intestines and other organs.

First signs

The first signs of tuberculosis of the leg vary depending on the form, stage and localization of the process. In 88% of cases, the infection has a legenous form.

Symptoms of tuberculosis legenia at the cob stage of yogo development:

severe weight loss;
presence of blood in sputum;
cough from phlegm for 2–3 strokes;
the temperature was periodically raised to 37.3 ° C;
drinkability at night;
zagalna weakness that lack of strength;
bіl at the breasts.

Often the manifestation of tubercular infection can be taken into account for any other illnesses. If the patient does not go to the doctor at the same time, tuberculosis infection will progress and spread in the body. Why is it so important to undergo periodic fluorography, as if to reveal the middle of an illness at once.

Tuberculosis symptoms

In mature tuberculosis, the leg can last for an hour without symptoms, or with a small number of symptoms and appear subtly during fluorography or an X-ray sign of the chest. The fact that tuberculosis mycobacteria are passed on to the body and the formation of specific immunological hyperreactivity can be manifestations when tuberculin tests are performed.

In depression, if tuberculosis is manifested clinically, the most common signs are non-specific manifestations of intoxication: weakness, pallor, increased stupor, laxity, apathy, subfebrile temperature (about 37 ° C, rarely more than 38 °), especially turbulence є sick at night, at night. Often appear generalized or surrounded by a group of lymphatic nodes lymphadenopathy - an increase in the number of lymphatic nodes. In some cases, it is possible to reveal a specific lesion of the lymph nodes - cold inflamed.

In the course of the development of the disease, more or less obvious symptoms appear on the side of the affected organ. In case of tuberculosis, cough, sputum sputum, wheezing in the legs, undead, sometimes difficulty in breathing or pain in the chest clitoris (which sounds like an indication of the arrival of tuberculous pleurisy), hemoptysis. In case of intestinal tuberculosis - other damage to the function of the intestines, constipation, carry, blood in the stool, etc. As a rule (although not always), the infection of the leg is primary, and other organs are suddenly affected by a path of hematogenous contamination.

However, there are cases of development of tuberculosis of internal organs or tubercular meningitis without any in-line clinical or radiological signs of injury of legenia and no injury in anamnesis.

Dimension of the patient

For the least suspicion of illness, it is necessary to turn to the family doctor. A lingering cough, which is not habituated by the most obvious cough suppressants, is to blame for alerting the people. You should go to the doctor and go through all the necessary obstezhennia for the presence / presence of tuberculosis.

Diagnosis of tuberculosis

Head of physicians - detect tuberculosis early. For which children, tuberculin diagnostics (Mantoux test) should be carried out, and for older children, fluorography. It is also blamed for the suspicion of having carried out these investigations, as well as for the presence of symptoms characteristic of tuberculosis, the patient should be referred for a consultation to a phthisiatrician, which is more likely to be destroyed by the offensive scheme:

Selection of anamnestic data (such as skargi, who were in contact with ailments for tuberculosis only).
Clinical review.
Radiography.
Laboratory investigations (blood tests and sections).
Three times microscopically and bacteriologically determined sputum.

If necessary, conduct low special obstezhen: bronchoscopy, biopsy of legenevous tissue, molecular biological diagnostics, etc.

Lasts

Possible aggravation of tuberculosis legen:

Generalization of the process of hematogenous enlargement due to the development of tuberculous sepsis.
Legenev bleeding. Yoga massiveness and technical difficulties in yoga teeth - often serve as a cause of death.
The development of a chronic "legen's heart" in a way to increase the pressure in a small amount of blood flow for significant changes in the fabrics of the leg.
tuberculosis. Exudative forms, with incremental accumulation of radii in the pleural space, so itself lead to the progression of dychal and distant heart failure.
Spontaneous pneumothorax. Penetration into the pleural emptiness again in a significant number of patients with cavernous forms can lead to displacement of the mediastinum and the reflex denticle of the heart.

Why treat tuberculosis?

In older adults, tuberculosis is more folded and trivale, fallow with the type of severity of the disease, it is three times more and including attacks:

chemotherapy;
I support drug therapy;
surgical insertion (as necessary);
Rehabilitation at sanatorium-resort facilities.

In current phthisiatric practice, anti-tuberculosis therapy is stagnating due to the participation of many types of antibiotics.

At the moment, there are three schemes of litigation that are relevant:

Tricomponent;
Chotiriohcomponent;
Five-component.

Tuberculosis recovery consists of two main phases:

Intensive;
Prolonged.

Metoyu first, intensive phase - flare of the ignition process, prevention of further destruction of tissues, dissolution of infiltrate and exudate, introduction of tubercular mycobacteria from the body in dovkil. So that doctors try to work so hard that a person ceases to be contagious. Tse borrows on average for two to six months.

Prolongation of treatment of tuberculosis is straightened out on the outside of the burnt pits of inflammation, scarring of the damaged tissues, and the ailment of the ailing on the immune system. Depending on the nature of the severity of the disease, therapy can last up to two years, and in cases of multidrug-resistant forms of tuberculosis - up to three or three lives, until radiological obstezhennya does not bring complete extinction of the disease.

Additional therapy for tuberculosis includes:

Vitamins of group B, glutamic acid and ATP are needed for the prevention of peripheral neuropathy and other non-negligible effects from the side of the central nervous system;
Immune stimulators (galavit, xymedon, glutoxim) help the body fight against tubercular mycobacteria;
Methyluracil, aloe vera, glunate, FIBS are used to treat tuberculosis for an hour to accelerate the regeneration of clitin;
Sorbent (acetylcysteine and rheosorbilact) is prescribed for an hour during chemotherapy in cases of severe side effects. After a short period of rejoicing, all the same, one should be reminded;
Hepatoprotectors necessary to protect the liver from ruinative antibiotics, they are prescribed for constant control of the level of bilirubin in the blood;
Glucocorticoids are an extreme attack, shards of stench can have a strong immunosuppressive effect. However, sometimes they are still assigned to a short term, in order to drown out the turbulent manifestation of the ignition process in case of great and severe tuberculosis.

In neglected depressions, tuberculosis may need prompt treatment.

How to tell?

Eating with tuberculosis is straightened out on the regeneration of the body's veins and the replenishment of the lack of vitamins C, B, A and minerals.

Before the storage of children with tuberculosis, such categories of products are included.

Brown fat is recommended to be taken from olive oil, peanut butter and olive oil.
Carbohydrates, which can be found in any products (cereals, legumes). Recommended honey, boroshnyany spices. Carbohydrates, which are easily acquired, are found in fruits and vegetables.
It is necessary to increase the number of whites at the link with their swedish disintegration. The most important ones are easily acquired proteins that are found in dairy products, ribs, sviysky birds, veal and eggs. Meat products need to be boiled, quenched, but not lubricated.

Їzha may be high-calorie and served freshly prepared. The ration is made up of 4 meals.

Come Prevention

The prevention of tuberculosis is now ahead of us against infection with an active form of the disease. For whom it is not necessary to spend an hour in close quarters with people who are ill with active tuberculosis. For people who are staying at the places of misery of ailments, as a preventive measure for tuberculosis, they should wear masks for disguise and adhere to all the rules of hygiene. It is impossible to allow the transition of the latent form of illness to the active one. Prevention of tuberculosis in children for a century before infection. For this May, the obstezhennya of all those who practice in child mortgages are regularly carried out.

Tuberculosis prevention in children for the first time after BCG vaccination, and chemoprophylaxis of illness. As a method of prevention of tuberculosis, a mass obstezhennia of the population is carried out by way of fluorography. An early manifestation of a sign of tuberculosis allows the spread of exuberance at the cob stages and the growth of yoga as efficiently as possible.

It is not less important to live all the entries for the improvement of the immune system. In this situation, it is important to have a healthy way of life, eat properly and regularly, eat more smoke, drugs, and drink alcohol.

- This is an infectious pathology, which is called Koch's bacillus, which is characterized by different clinical and morphological variants of damage to the legene tissue. The variability of forms of tuberculosis is very significant for the variability of symptoms. The most common types for tuberculosis are mild respiratory disorders (cough, hemoptysis, back pain) and symptoms of intoxication (trival subfebrile condition, fluidity, weakness). To confirm the diagnosis of vicarious promenev, laboratory follow-up, tuberculin diagnosis. Chemotherapy for tuberculosis of the leg is carried out with special tuberculostatic drugs; with destructive forms, surgical treatment is indicated.

Zagalni vіdomostі

Tuberculosis legenia is an ailment of infectious etiology, which proceeds from the deaths of specific fuse follicles in the legenia and the halointoxication syndrome. Illness for tuberculosis is a legend in recent history: tuberculosis infection was known to representatives of early civilizations. The name “phtisis” in the translation from Greek means “dryness, exhaustion”, and the word about tuberculosis took away the name “phthisiatry”.

Today, tuberculosis is becoming not only a medical and biological, but also a serious social and economic problem. According to the data of the World Health Organization, the third person on the planet is infected with tuberculosis, the death rate due to infection exceeds 3 million cases per river. Legenevy tuberculosis is the most common form of tuberculosis infection. The incidence of tuberculosis in other localizations (suglobs, cysts of the spine, genitals, intestines, serous membranes, central nervous system, eyes, shkiri) in the structure of disease is significantly lower.

Cause

Alarm feature

Specific agents that suggest the infectious nature of infection are mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). At 1882. Robert Koch first described the main power of the health worker and its specificity, so the bacterium took away the name of its pershovidkrivach - Koch's wand. Microscopically, mycobacterium tuberculosis may look straight or trochs of a curved non-destructive stick, 0.2-0.5 nm wide and 0.8-3 nm long.

Vіdmіnnoy rice MBT є їkhnya vysoka stіykіst to zvnіshnіh vplivіv (high and low temperatures, moisture content, acid, meadows, disinfectants). The best resistance to tuberculosis is shown by the legen until the sleepy light. It is not safe for a person to develop tuberculosis bacteria of the human taboo type; types of infection with a bird type of mycobacterium, even rare.

Ways of infection

The main route of infection in primary tuberculosis is aerogenous: in case of sickness on the form of a person, mycobacteria expand with particles of mucus, which are seen in the middle of the body with rosacea, wheezing, cough; can hang and roznositsya with a saw at a significant distance. In the dyhal way of healthy people, the infection is most often consumed by a red-mottled or sawn way.

The most significant role in infection is played by alimentary (when infected products are taken in), contact (when vicarious objects in hygiene and utensils) and transplacental (intrauterine) paths. The cause of secondary tuberculosis is legenia, repeated activation of an earlier transferred infection or re-infection.

Factori risiku

Prote potraplyannya MBT to the body do not zavzhd bring to sickness. Officials, on aphids such as tuberculosis, the legion develops especially often, they are important:

unfriendly social mind
chicken and other chemical deposits
lack of food
immunosuppression (VIL-infection, taking glucocorticoids, after organ transplantation)
oncological disease and other

In the group at risk of developing tuberculosis, migrants, affected individuals suffer from drug and alcohol addiction. Also, the significance of the virulence of infection and the valor to contact with a sick person can be significant.

Pathogenesis

With a decrease in maternal and inflammatory factors, mycobacteria can easily penetrate into the bronchioles, and then into the alveoli, resulting in specific inflammation in both of them, or multiple tubercular humpbacks, or in the pits of sulfuric necrosis. At this hour, a positive reaction to tuberculin is established - the tuberculin test. Clinical manifestations of tuberculosis of the cієї stage are often obscure. Small cavities can independently grow, scar or call, proteo MBT in them is saved for a long time.

"Awakening" of infection in old tubercular cases occurs in case of congestion with exogenous superinfection or under the influence of unacceptable endo- and exogenous factors. Secondary tuberculosis of the leg can occur in an exudative and productive form. At the first tip, near the primary cavity, perifocal inflammation develops; nadalі іnfіltrati can pіddavatisya disintegration, melting z vіdtornennym kazeoznyh mast and molding caverns. In productive forms of the tuberculous process in the legs, tissue grows successfully, which leads to legenous fibrosis, deformation of the bronchi, and formation of bronchiectasis.

Classification

Primary tuberculosis legenia is the result of infection of the legenevous tissue, which has developed in the past, in individuals, as they do not have a specific immunity. It is important to diagnose in a child and a child; You blame yourself for the old age and the frail age, as if you had the first infection in the past, which ended in the last rejoicing. Primary tuberculosis legenia can take the form of:

primary tuberculosis complex (PTC)
tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (VDLN)
chronic flow tuberculosis

Secondary tuberculosis of the leg develops upon repeated contact with the MBT or after reactivation of the infection in the primary middle. The main secondary clinical forms are presented:

cavernous (fibro-cavernous) tuberculosis

Okremo distinguish coniotuberculosis (tuberculosis that develops on aphids pneumoconioses), tuberculosis of the upper dycal pathways, trachea, bronchial tubes; tuberculous pleurisy. When we see sickness on the MBT in the middle with phlegm, we can talk about the increased form (VK+) of tuberculosis legen; for the presence of bacilli - about the closed form (VK-). It is also possible to periodically bacilli (VK±).

The outbreak of tuberculosis of the leg is characterized by a subsequent change in the development phase:

1) infiltrative
2) disintegration and obsіmenіnnya
3) dissolution of the cavity
4) strengthening that zvapnіnnya.

Symptoms of tuberculosis legen

Primary Tuberculosis Complex

The primary tuberculosis complex is gradually showing signs of specific inflammation in the lung and regional bronchoadenitis. You can pass asymptomatically, or under the mask of colds, ill, which is why primary tuberculosis is a common cause of mass screening of children (Mantoux test) and adults (prophylactic fluorography).

Most often blamed for acute illness: ailing turbulence dry cough, subfebrile condition, sedation, drunkenness. In case of hospital manifestations, the clinic suggests nonspecific pneumonia (temporal fever, cough, chest pain, buttocks). As a result of the jubilation, a rosemation or the name of the PTK (Gonu's pit) is born. In unacceptable moods, it can be aggravated by caseous pneumonia, cavernous cavities, tubercular pleurisy, miliary tuberculosis, mycobacterium dissemination from lesions of nirok, cysts, and meninges.

Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes

In case of tuberculosis VLN, the symptomatology is accompanied by pressure on the great bronchi and organs of the middle intestine with larger lymph nodes. For this form, a dry cough is characteristic (whooping cough, bitonic), an increase in the cervical and inguinal nodes. In children of the early age, often the cause of visual difficulties is expiratory stridor. The temperature is subfebrile, mothers may have febrile candles.

Disseminated tuberculosis legen

You can manifest in acute (military), acute and chronic forms. The typhoid form of miliary tuberculosis is more easily associated with the intoxication syndrome over bronchogenetic symptoms. It starts acutely, with an increase in temperature up to 39-40 ° C, headache, dyspeptic disorders, severe weakness, tachycardia. If the toxicosis is more severe, it can be blamed for the damage to the bloodline, madder.

In case of chronic form of miliary tuberculosis, the disease on the cob is more pronounced in dychal disorder, which includes dry cough, backache, cyanosis. In important conditions, acute heart failure develops. The meningeal form shows symptoms of lesions of the meninges.

In the early stages of disseminated tuberculosis, the disease is accompanied by a deadly weakness, decreased productivity, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Periodically z'yavlyayutsya temperature fluctuations. The cough is productive, not to disturb the sick. Sometimes the first sign of illness becomes legenev bleeding.

Chronic disseminated tuberculosis is rare for the duration of the disease, asymptomatic. Under the hour of sleep to the process, the clinical picture is close to the early stage of development. Dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis is not a safe development of post-pulmonary tuberculosis, spontaneous pneumothorax, important lung bleeding, amyloidosis of internal organs.

Cavernous and fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis legenia

The nature of the break of the cavernous tuberculous process is mild. In the phase of decay, there is an increase in intoxication symptoms, hyperthermia, coughing and an increase in the amount of sputum, causing hemoptysis. Tuberculosis of the bronchi and nonspecific bronchitis often occur.

Fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis is caused by formation of caverns with a pronounced fibrous ball and fibrous changes in the leg tissue around the cavity. A trival hour passes, with periodic aggravations of halo-infectious symptoms. With partial sleeps, a dychal insufficiency of the II-III stage develops.

Complicated, associated with destruction of legenev tissue, profuse legenev bleeding, bronchopleural burrow, purulent pleurisy. The progression of cavernous tuberculosis is accompanied by endocrine disorders, cachexia, amyloidosis, tubercular meningitis, heart failure - in this case, the prognosis becomes unfavorable.

Cyrotic tuberculosis legen

As a result of various forms of tuberculosis, legenia with an inconsistent involution of a specific process and the development of fibro-sclerotic changes in the yoga area. In case of pneumocyrosis, the bronchi are deformed, the leg is sharply changed in size, the pleura is swollen and often vaped.

Changes that are observed in case of cirrhotic tuberculosis of the leg, suggest clear symptoms: pronounced back, pain in the chest, cravings, cough with purulent sputum, hemoptysis. In case of gostrenni, there are signs of tuberculosis intoxication and bacilli. A characteristic sign of pneumocyrosis is the flattening of the chest cell on the side of the lesion, the sounding and retraction of the intercostal spaces. With a progressive transition, the legenev's heart develops step by step. Cyrotic changes in legends are non-reversible.

Tuberculoma legeni

It is an encapsulated caseous cavity that was formed as a result of an infiltrative, intermediate or disseminated process. With a stable overrun, the symptoms are not blamed, illumination is seen on radiography as mild flare-ups. In times of progressive tuberculosis and legenia, there is an increase in intoxication, low-grade fever, chest pain, cough from sputum, and hemoptysis can occur. When the cavity is broken down by tuberculosis, it can transform into cavernous or fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis of the leg. Rіdshe vіdznaєetsya regressing perebіg tuberculoma.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of this other form of tuberculosis of the leg is made by a phthisiatrician on the basis of the totality of clinical, promeneutical, laboratory and immunological data. For the recognition of secondary tuberculosis, the importance of reports from the selection of anamnesis is great. To confirm the diagnosis, the following is carried out:

Promeneva diagnostics. Radiography of the leg is a general lingual diagnostic procedure, which allows revealing the nature of the changes in the legeneviy tissue (infiltrative, moderate, cavernous, dissemination thinly), to determine the localization and breadth of the pathological process. The manifestation of calcification of the pits indicates at an early stage of transferring the tuberculosis process and will require clarification of data for the help of CT or MRI of the leg.
Analysis. The manifestation of MBT can be reached by non-single sputum sputum (including for the help of PLR), bronchial flushing water, pleural exudate. Ale, by itself, the fact of the presence of bacilli excretion has ceased to be a substitute for the exclusion of pulmonary tuberculosis. Modern immunological tests make it possible to detect tuberculosis infection even if it is 100% clear. Before them, QuantiFERON and T-spot are seen. TB.
Tuberculin diagnostics. Before the methods of tuberculin diagnostics, there is a diaskin test, a Pirquet and Mantoux test, tests themselves on the basis of this method and can give positive results. Sometimes, on the confirmation of tuberculosis, the leg is brought to trial treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs with an assessment of the dynamics of the radiological picture.

Based on the results of the diagnostics, tuberculosis lung is differentiated from pneumonia, lung sarcoidosis, peripheral lung cancer, benign and metastatic swellings, pneumomycosis, lung cysts, abscesses, silicosis, anomalies of the development of the leg and vessels. Additional diagnostic methods may include bronchoscopy, pleural puncture, leg biopsy.

Celebration of tuberculosis legen

In phthisiatric practice, a complex treatment has been formed to cure tuberculosis of the leg, which includes drug therapy, if necessary, surgical intervention and rehabilitation come in. Likuvannya is carried out in stages: first at the tube station, then at the sanatoriums, in the hospital, on an outpatient basis. Regime moments mean the organization of jubilant eating, physical and emotional calm.

Anti-tuberculosis therapy. A specific role is played by specific chemotherapy for additional drugs with anti-tuberculosis activity. For the treatment of various forms of tuberculosis, 3-, 4- and 5-component regimens are widely used (depending on the quantity of vicorous preparations). Before tuberculostatics in the first line (obov'yaskovim) one can see isoniazid and yoga, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, rifampicin, ethambutol; other row (additional) agents are aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, cycloserine, etionamide and other. Ways of administering drugs in different ways: orally, intravenously, intraperitoneally, endobronchially, intrapleurally, inhalation. Courses of anti-tuberculosis therapy are carried out three times a day (on average, 1 day and a half).

Tuberculosis is to spread to a wide range of infectious diseases, as if provoked by a tubercular bacillus. Tuberculosis, the symptoms of such a manifestation of legenia, can also affect the eyes, skin, brushes and loam, organ sechostatic system, with which the veins often leak, masking for other illnesses, for example, like a cold or pneumonia. Buvaє i so that the symptoms can be daily.

Zagalny description

Tuberculosis can be primary or secondary. Primary tuberculosis develops as soon as the infection has started. Most of the vins are diagnosed in small patients, up to 4 years of age, which is explained by the fact that their immune system has not yet been fully formed. Particularly when I get sick during this period, those who develop tuberculosis in a severe form are not contagious for those who are most ill.

Primary tuberculosis is accompanied by the formation of the primary cavity, which is such a disease in the legenia, as it is affected by tuberculosis - ca tuberculosis granuloma. Such a house can live on its own, if in the area of the past rotting, the cavity of the scar tissue is already filled up. In some cases of yoga, one hour of X-ray follow-up is indicated, and in healthy patients, such a sign indicates those who had earlier transferred tuberculosis.

Tim, in other times, not everything is so “smooth”, so that the granuloma progresses, increasing in size, after which the central part breaks down, filling the void itself, and the primary legenev's cavern. Mycobacteria, leaning behind the borders of the primary cavity, can opine in the bloodstream, settling in various organs, and lead to the incorporation of “humps” in them, so that all the same tubercular granulomas, which are why tuberculosis is called so (c Latin tuberculum is translated yak "hump").

As for the secondary form of infection, it can be seen that secondary tuberculosis is the result of a newly transferred infection and reactivation (reactivation) of the infection, already in the body. Zdebіlshoy in such a form, zustrichaetsya in adults. With it, new caverns and cavities are established, so settled to the point of anger one by one, in a connection with which the strike can become very wide, and intoxication - pronounced. Approximately a third of ailments without remission of illness in this form of gyne for the next few months, others can tolerate yoga in a protracted form, it is also possible to spontaneously subside of secondary tuberculosis.

Infection with tuberculosis occurs in different ways. It is possible to use sputum-sputum paths of infection (during the hour of phlegm, when coughing, or when coughing ailing), the paths of repeated-pilovia (with a saw in the body of healthy people consume the elements of sputum ill), contact path (infection is ingested into the body through mucus and that poor house ) on the shkіrі), as well as the path of grub (infection manifests itself in the body of a healthy person through infection with thinness of food products (meat, milk, sour cream, cheese and other).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which provokes illness (tuberculosis bacillus), is treated by them, which in their basis is a special type of tunic, for the rahunka, as a bacterium of the building, to live in the middle. It’s worth it and diy antimicrobial preparations, like stinks with success can be resisted. Mycobacteria multiply even more regularly, for one of the reasons that make diagnosis easier.

The risk of infection depends on the nature and triviality of the contact of a healthy person with an infection, as well as the degree of contagiousness of a person that causes the infection. At the same time, the rate of infection of a healthy person is increased in that fluctuation, as in a person who is ill for tuberculosis, it passes in an active form of infection, so that tuberculosis emptying is established in the legs, as well as infections of the upper dycal pathways, and the larynx, trachea, bronchi.

As the most important factor that evokes the risk of infection, there is a crowded place of a great number of people in the minds of a place that is not sufficiently ventilated.

At the same time, mycobacterium tuberculosis does not start to become the cause of the development of this disease, it is important that the risk of this development is indicated by individual sensitivity to the address of mycobacterium infusion, as well as the peculiarities of the immune response. Vik also plays an important role in looking at the risk of this illness. So, we are looking for wines for young and young patients. Tuberculosis in women is most often diagnosed within the age interval of 25-34 years, and women are much more often ill at this hour, less people.

To provoke the development of an active form of tuberculosis can be low concomitant illness. As a leading illness, it is looked upon, when it is immune, it will be ignored. In VIL-infection, patients are shown to control the parameters of the Mantoux test, which is used to prevent the accumulation of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

The increased risk of tuberculosis infection is associated with chronic infection with lesions of the leg, blood swelling and other types of malignant pathology, nirkov insufficiency, which is accompanied by systematic hemodialysis, insulin-depleted diabetes, and so zagalne vysnazhennya organism.

Also, it can be assumed that in a group of a particular risky person, it is possible to be infected with tuberculosis more importantly than people who may experience a decrease in immunity. Here you can see: VIL-іnfіkovanі patients, children of a group of young people, people who live in the minds of orphans, insufficiently aired and scorched places, and also people who often stick with hypothermia and foully eat. The chicken plays its role in the risk of falling ill with tuberculosis, especially as a person victorious in one pack per day - in such a case, the development of this illness is 2-4 times greater. I, obviously, the risk of infection increases with 3-fold close contact with patients who have an active form of tuberculosis.

Form tuberculosis

In most cases, tuberculosis affects the organs of the dichal system (there is a secret about the legend of the bronchi), as well as the organs of the sechostate system. The cystic-loamy forms of this disease most often occur with lesions of the pelvic bones and the ridge. On the basis of the areas affected by tuberculosis, illness is seen in two main groups, most likely tuberculosis is legen, as well as post-degenerative tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis legenia can manifest itself in various forms. Zocrema tse primary tubercular complex and tubercular bronchoadenitis. Depending on the degree of spread, pulmonary tuberculosis can manifest itself in one of the following forms: disseminated tuberculosis, latent (hidden) tuberculosis, infiltrative tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis, limited (or focal) tuberculosis, tuberculoma, caseous pneumonia, cirrhotic tuberculosis and fibro-cavernous tuberculosis . Tuberculosis of the trachea, tuberculosis of the larynx and tuberculosis of the pleura are more likely to be diagnosed.

If you are suffering from post-legal tuberculosis, then you can fight against any organ in the body of a person. Observe the onset of various forms of tuberculosis: tuberculosis of the organs of the herbal system (mostly affected by the collapse of the colon and the distal end of the small intestine), tuberculosis of the tunics and the central nervous system (injury to the head and spinal cord) , the shell of the brain is hard - in my opinion there is such a thing contagious, like tubercular meningitis), tuberculosis of the skin, tuberculosis of the veins and bones, tuberculosis of the eyes.

Tuberculosis legen: symptoms

Tuberculosis can have faceless masks, and, as it has already been planned, pointing out to those who manifest this illness can be different, through which you can let the actuality of your other illness. Tuberculosis symptoms are determined on the basis of an underlying pathological infectious process. Naturally, tuberculosis is mild, and, for example, tuberculosis of the skin, will manifest itself differently in its symptoms and peculiarities of overrun.

I know, however, that the individual features of a particular organism are already assigned a role. Such peculiarities are also called constitutional, they signify the stink themselves, the organism is able to show up as soon as possible before the infection, which is poured in, in the real world these peculiarities are indicated on the types and rates of the development of the actual infectious process, as well as on the acceptability of the body to the liking of illness and the forecast for the new.

Let's move on to the symptoms, and let's get to the bottom of them. In the case of a submerged form of tuberculosis, ailments show increased stubbornness and weakness, which is especially pronounced at the early hour. On the supplement to which the total practice is reduced. Tuberculosis in children outside the camp is characterized by the fact that their success decreases, their appetite disappears, and their sleep is filthy. The massive form of tuberculosis, as well as the spread of infection in the body, can cause even more aggravation of the patient's life.

Significant changes in tuberculosis suprovodzhuyutsya vtratoy vaga, ailments become smarnіlimy, pomit emaciated. The glare of the rice is visible, the blaze of the skies, the blush on the pale skies. With chronic tuberculosis, patients become obsolete.

Temperature. Exchanges of forms of tuberculosis are accompanied by insignificant, albeit trivial temperature changes, most importantly in the range of 37.5-38 degrees. The rise in temperature is indicated at the evening and night hours, at which time at night there is sweating, which comes with chills. It is important to check the temperature of tuberculosis in the presence of a temperature that accompanies other illnesses. So, in case of severe GRZ, in bronchitis, or in case of pneumonia, the temperature may be higher, lower it is indicated, but if it is necessary, it will be necessary to do it quickly, and not accompanied by nighttime drinking. High temperature with tuberculosis is accompanied by a less massive form.

Cough. This symptom is chronic in case of tuberculosis. The cob of illness is accompanied by a mild and dry cough, which is worsened at night and early hours. A further development of the disease can be accompanied by a "fluid" cough, which has sputum. In case of tuberculosis, cough manifests itself in a chronic form, so it is permanent. Looking at you, this fact is to blame, as if I’m coughing up a stretch of the term like 3 tyzhniv and more, for the sake of obov'yazkovy vіdvіduvannya doctor. Such an illness, like a GRZ, again, bronchitis or pneumonia, similarly, they can be accompanied by a cough, but I can cough up a cough in case of tuberculosis, here those who are not so trivaly, the new troch has a different character administering therapy to yoga address (tablets , syrups and in.).

Hemoptysis. This symptom is to be treated with an important manifestation of tuberculosis. Here you can go, more for everything, about the yogo іnfiltrative form, although not excluded and the possibility of manifesting another form of tuberculosis with this symptom. Basically, hemoptysis is manifested after the attack of coughing up, with sputum coughing up fresh blood. Likewise, tuberculosis legenia can be accompanied by a development of such a state, like legenev bleeding, the other symptom is called a blood-throat. Such a camp is not only important, but also not safe for the life of a person, medical help is necessary for a negaine. Hemoptysis, which is observed in tuberculosis, must be differentiated from such contagious diseases, such as heart failure or cancer of the leg, in which case a symptom of hemoptysis is also present.

Pain at the breasts. Such a bіl poslyuєєtsya pіd an hour of silence.

Tuberculosis often occurs without symptoms, in the case of the manifestation of the primary follicle, it appears to be mild, with x-rays, which may lead to seeing this disease.

Late tuberculosis: symptoms

As it was intended, tuberculosis can affect other organs, the lungs. At this time, we can talk about post-legendary yoga form. Symptoms lie down in order to localize the disease itself.

Tuberculosis of the organs of the sechostatic system. Symptoms in such a time to lie down depending on the delocalization of the infection, the skin can be seen so manifest: blood in the fray, sickness and speedy sechoviprosy, bіl across, bіl from the bottom of the abdomen, without the disruption of the cycle in women. In case of damage to the organs of the human sechostatic system, as if the epididymis is affected, then the scrotum is formed of a bulk type of neoplasm, with patching of pain. Just like tuberculosis, in this form of illness, it can run without any symptoms. In addition, the injection of anti-tuberculosis drugs in this case shows a sufficient level of effectiveness in case of their congestion.

Tuberculosis of the bones and suglobiv. The symptoms that indicate the disease itself, are rarely seen today, like, in the morning, and the disease itself. Most of the damage here is caused by VIL-infected patients. Collins, pelvises and intervertebral loess are most important. If the intersternal loam is affected, then the pathological process also suffocates the ridge, so there is a guide, through which the intersternal disk collapses, and, at its side, can become the cause of flattening of the ridges during the development of the curvature of the ridge before the appearance hump. Even though the knees are striking, or the muddy drifts, then when walking, you can notice intense soreness, through which the coolness is also manifested. If you don’t excite the form of illness, you can get stuck with such a development of the pathological process, with which the function of the suglob is used.

Tuberculosis of the CNS. Damage to the central nervous system in tuberculosis occurs infrequently, importantly, again, in patients with VIL, as well as in young children. Here the shell of the brain is affected, so that tubercular meningitis develops, a tuberculoma may form in the speech of the brain. The symptomatology can be different, swell the head, damage to sensitivity, intelligence, psyche, damage in the hands of apples and other. It is a pity that all one ends for the patient with neurological disorders such as I will manifest my world. With tubercular granulomas of the brain, symptoms such as epileptic attacks, damage to sensitivity, damage to the hands can be caused.

Miliary tuberculosis. For the form of tuberculosis, there is a spread of infection throughout the body through the blood. It is also accompanied by the formation of small openings in the tissues and in the organs, which are already indicated by granules in the humpbacks, which are close to 1-2 mm in diameter (the stench is similar to millet grains). The symptomatology of this disease is similar to the symptoms of legenia infection, although there are symptoms that indicate damage to other organs (eyes, spleen, liver, membranes of the brain, etc.).

Tuberculosis of the organs of the herbal system. The main symptomatology at times occurs before the appearance of constipation and constipation, it appears in the abdomen, bloating. The temperature is manifested by a trival rank, in the feces, a small house of blood appears. Sometimes there is such a symptom, like intestinal obstruction.

Tuberculosis shkiri. In this form, the disease is accompanied by the appearance of scallops and indentations, which are localized under the skin, the stench pierces the skin, vibrating the sirns of the bluvat masi themselves. At one time, one can enter into the scenes of the main picture for the same form of illness, which can be manifested in different ways.

Diagnosis

As the main method for diagnosing tuberculosis, radiological investigations are carried out. It is important to understand why the difference between the methods of this type is determined, so that you can stop. Such a method, like fluorography, pre-river chiba scho as a mass type of the method of obstezhennia, within the framework of this study, it is possible to find out that in the legends such changes are similar to tuberculosis. Oglyadova radiography is characterized by a greater degree of accuracy, there is a need for examination radiography of the region of the organs of the chest.

For even greater accuracy, the results of a simple tomography are measured, and, finally, the most informative method is computer tomography. Also important is the role played by the analysis of sputum, which is carried out for the minds of laboratories. With this help, you can bring out the alarm, and also signify, on the basis of the result, whether an unsafe ailment for otchennya or not unsafe.

A special role is played by the methods of tuberculin diagnostics, here the Mantoux reaction should be applied. Although it is suspected that a patient has a late-genetic form of tuberculosis, the need for additional follow-up, specific options are considered in terms of the location of the pathological process associated with tuberculosis.

Celebration

Tuberculosis is treated exclusively for the minds of anti-tuberculosis dispensaries. Depending on the fact that the form of illness is relevant, it is recognized, it is not necessary for outpatient treatment or inpatient, so other factors are also protected here, as well as the patient’s scorching camp, daytime / recent bacilli vision, etc.

The rest of the patients, who have previously been diagnosed with tuberculosis, are hospitalized. Jubilation, which stagnates, is of a combination nature, so that sprats of types of anti-tuberculosis drugs are stoked. We also treat tuberculosis as a treat, at least 6 months are needed for a new one. How successful will be the likuvannya, lie in the eyes of the patient himself, and the cream, in order to follow the medical recommendations. If the doses of the preparations change and the hour of taking them is short, then the treatment becomes ineffective, moreover, through the daily routine, the disease becomes more stable in therapy.

It is important that you see the exaltation, zocrema and methods of folk medicine against tuberculosis, phytotherapy too. - everything is only for supplementary solutions in the fight against illnesses, but not the main ones. Replace anti-tuberculosis drugs no. Sometimes treatment for tuberculosis is carried out by a surgical method, increasing the effectiveness of treatment, and also allowing the sanitary-resort treatment to prevent aggravated tuberculosis.

If you suspect the presence of tuberculosis, you need to go to a phthisiatrician (the main doctor, who specializes in tuberculosis), you can also start with the advice of a therapist (or a pediatrician - obviously, like going about a child).

Come in, direct to the fight against tuberculosis infection, be carried out in a non-violent way. More than a third of the planet's population is already wearing a latent form, but does not show the characteristic first signs of tuberculosis. Penetrating in the main poitryano-mottled path, the ignition process is localized in the organs of the respiratory system, expands for help of the lymphatic and circulatory system throughout the body. The epidemiological concern of illness is due to the fact that the onset of tuberculosis symptoms are often associated with such ailments as GRVI, Influenza, bronchitis and pneumonia. I often do not show the process of infection to the extent that the spread of illness increases. On this day, osibniki overwhelm 10.5 million cases all over the world.

The resistance to tuberculosis infection, mycobacteria have reached the level of perfection. The stench unperturbedly spreads in the middle of healthy cells, is not recognized by antibodies and continues its life as a pathogenic microorganism. Over the course of an hour, the stench vibrates a sufficient amount of toxins and continues to actively multiply, but even in the middle of the human body. At the early stages, the signs of ill-health for tuberculosis do not appear in any way in case of a severe cold infection:

slightly elevated temperature to 37.3 ° C - 37.5 ° C;
trivaliy dry cough;
disgusting appetite;
apathy and weakness;
lowering of the vaga;
enlargement of lymphatic nodes;
clearer vision sweat at night doby.

This is characterized by clinical symptoms of tuberculosis, which will require further diagnostics and medical laboratory treatment. It is even more important in this period to take care of sanitary and hygienic standards, like a nose, so it’s better to clarify the diagnosis.

Tuberculosis legenia at an early stage

Not only people can get themselves infected, they try to have uninterrupted contact with an infected tubercular wand, or they live near an anti-tuberculosis facility. The life of Koch's sticks to milk the temple. In the case of a navkolyshny vologous middle, and in the middle of nowhere, it takes up to a few years, in a dry looking one, it takes up to 2 months. For this, be it the first signs of illness, which call for a suspicion of the presence of tuberculosis in the body, will require a negain follow-up.

The first and most important sign of the development of a serious infection in legenia is cough with phlegm, which is commonly called tracheobronchial secretion in medicine. Vіn z'yavljaєєєєєє, yak reaction in vіdpіd іmmunnoії sistemy on storіnі tіla аbо аn foreign microorganіzmі in the organs of the respiratory tract, to avenge leukocytes and pathogenic viruses or bacteria. As tuberculosis slowly progresses, such symptoms, like cough with phlegm, accompany the first signs of the collapse of the legion in what looks like bloody clots.

The sick have a backside. There is a change in natural blood flow, damage to the total work of the cardiovascular system, acid starvation and lack of vitamins and brown speech in the body. Parts of that pain in the chest clitoris, seem to be pressure on that liver.

Like an active ignition process, tuberculosis of the leg is characterized by such first signs, like a high temperature, like 38-38.5 ° C. I will become sick in the early hours of that night, which calls for weakness, chronic vomit syndrome, drowsiness.

First symptoms of tuberculosis of the intestines

Being aggravated by the already obvious form of tubercular infection in the body after a secondary infection, there may be signs and symptoms that appear at an early stage of the disease. I, in the Glass Vipads, can go more than rock, abandoning the reference tuberculosis kіstok I symptom Zakhvoryvannya at Doroslobov’s sigglobe to the Krybti, onimіnnya kintsovyvovi v anddchuttiv legend. Whether it be physical vanity provocative to that, viklikati rozdratuvannya that sickly feeling. And it’s less for a calm person to let go of the relief of that relaxation of m'yaziv.

There are clear signs that are easy to diagnose, and symptoms of possible cystic tuberculosis are suspected in young children. The stench is characterized by an unnatural kulgavistyu for a child, klishonogistyu, fear of stepping on the foot and feet of oneself. The mustache of transferring the little ones is urged to wear on scarves. Ruhlivі іgri intermedium, physical activity falls It is often possible to change the mood, that zayva nervousness, disturbed sleep.

What a sight can be shkirny tuberculosis

Dermatological problems that are blamed on the patient, give the opportunity to immediately identify, the reasons for which are most often frequent walks in the fresh air, lack of ultraviolet sony sputum and problems of the endocrine and immune systems.

Signs that confirm the diagnosis of primary tuberculosis of the skin are manifested by the appearance of painless papules of a red or light brown color. After 3-5 days, the stench will be lit up, and the spots will be established on the mist. Away from the closing of the wounds, the posterity will be close to the month of the scars.

As in the body of a person, there is already an infection, vyklikana mycobacteria, then the localization of skin tuberculosis swells the appearance, neck, external concha and induces the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx. Painless humps, like they are filled with rotten mist, and may have a diameter of no more than 3 mm, cover the damage of the planter and become the cause of the appearance of virazkovy shkirnih pits. Sometimes the stench vrazhayut kintsivki and roztashovuyutsya symmetrically.

Signs of tuberculosis of the sechostatic system

Depending on the fact that specific symptoms are observed in case of tuberculosis of the sechostatic system, facivists evaluate the scale of that stage of infection. As mycobacteria infects the village of nirok and sechovividny ways, the signs show pain across, visible damage to the ribs during sichovipkann, streaks of arterial pressure.

In case of genital or tuberculosis of the state organs, the ignition processes are blamed, as they start from the human organs. Black marks are clearly visible on the skin, there are ridges on the scrotum and the state member, rotten bloody clots are seen with sperm. Women often experience pain in the lower part of the abdomen, adhesions are established, the structure of the endometrium of those ovaries changes. In both vipadkas, the great rizik vinaiks the growth of appendicitis.

Tuberculosis Organic Etching

Infection of the herbal system with tuberculosis infection infects patients who are already ill with the legenevu form, or they became infected with mycobacteria during the introduction of non-acidic dairy products. The symptoms of tuberculosis of the duct are indicative of a disruption of its primary function of etching. Mycobacteria destroy the mucus and intestinal microflora, in a sickly vein, an unacceptable smell, vomit, daily appetite.

Changes in the work of the scrotum are characterized by operative pain in the abdominal cavity, constant heat, clear vision of sweat, joint damage, like diarrhea and a feverish camp, an increase in body temperature. Shkіrnі pokrivi can nabuvat dark vіdtinku.

Obov'yazkovo accompanying the burning process of the liver, which provokes symptoms, as anorexia is clearly expressed, pain in the right subcostal area, pain in the navel, abdominal distention. Diarrhea from blood clots is often replaced by constipation. Often the symptomatology of acute appendicitis is blamed.

Tuberculosis eye injury

The pathology of the vascular tunic of the internal apple is not easy, because the result of an allergic reaction to tuberculosis infection in the body is manifested in the patient by an unruly “smell”, dark patches or “flies”, which are blamed on the eyes. The internal vice is also changing, which calls out to the chervoninnya of that shvidka to that zonal organ.

Sensitivity to the bright light rises, the intensity of the work of the mucous membranes increases, the air falls sharply. All these are the first signs and characteristic symptoms that provoke tuberculosis of the eyes. Possibly at an early stage and conjunctivitis. Buvaє with a fast-growing illness.

Tuberculosis of the central nervous system and the meninges

Changes in penetration, necrosis of vessel walls, mycobacteria infection, penetration of infection. Mycobacteria behind the circulatory system reach a friendly medium for a distant reproduction, soft meninges, de and protikatima away from the inflamed brain right up to the point of not being safe for a person’s life, like tubercular meningitis.

The outbreak of tuberculosis infection in the central nervous region is accompanied by such primary signs as parts of a migraine, an increase in temperature, vomiting and a general interest in life. Possible frequent loss of hearing, unnatural behavior, weakened memory, and loss of coordination in space.

This process takes less than 2-3 days. Rarely, there is a decrease in the tone of m'yaziv, alias or paralysis of terminations at an early stage. The disease was broken, the present death is already indicated on the 21st day from the moment of the infection.

Early diagnosis of tuberculosis

From the method of carrying out the approach to preventive measures and the prevention of tuberculosis in medical institutions, it is necessary to prescribe obov'yazkove obstezhennia. It is carried out for children after the first fate of life, young adults, grown-ups and people of a frail age. Modern methods, such as the tuberculin test and the BCG vaccine, advanced blood tests and fluorography and x-rays, reveal tuberculosis at an early stage.

Tuberculosis and all other symptoms are not possible in the analyzes of sections and sights of defecation, so they are rarely taken to the point of being taken seriously when diagnosing illness. Be-yaké vidhilennya vіd pokaznіnіv normi pіd hour prozhennja obstezhennya to note about the possibility of infection. Go further to fight against tuberculosis and stay in the borders of an anti-tuberculosis dispensary or a viable medical mortgage.

- Chronic infection caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. When infected with tubercular mycobacteria, the organs of the respiratory tract are most often affected, in addition, tuberculosis of the bones and loam, sebaceous organs, eyes, and peripheral lymph nodes develop. Diagnosis of tuberculosis is improved by conducting a tuberculin test, radiographic examination of the leg, revealed mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum, bronchus cysts, hydration of the skin elements, additional instrumental obstezheniye organs affected by tuberculosis. Treatment of tuberculosis - complex and trival systemic antibiotic therapy. For indications, surgical treatment is carried out.

ICD-10

A15-A19

Zagalni vіdomostі

Cause tuberculosis

Alarm feature

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is a group of bacteria species that are common in people with tuberculosis. The most common pathogen is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (obsolete - Koch's wand), є gram-positive acid-resistant rods of the actinomycete family, the genus of mycobacteria. In solitary cases, tuberculosis is borne out by other representatives of this genus. Endotoxins and exotoxins are not seen.

Mycobacteria in the edge of the stalk to the influx of the superfluous middle, which the body takes care of for a long time, and to lie under the influx of direct sony light and ultraviolet reflection. They can produce low-virulent L-forms, which, due to their presence in the body, form specific immunity without the development of illness.

Mechanism of infection

The reservoir of infection and the core of infection with tuberculosis are people who are sick (most often infected people are infected with contact with illnesses for tuberculosis in the form of tuberculosis - if tuberculosis bacteria are seen in sputum). At whom the respiratory route of infection is realized (inhalation of repeated bacteria). Ailments with active vision of mycobacteria and a pronounced cough of the building will infect over a dozen people.

Infection through the nose from the scanty sight of bacteria and the closed form of tuberculosis is only possible for close constant contacts. Sometimes it is infected with alimentary (bacteria eat at the herbal tract) with a contact path (through the narrowing of the skin curves). Dzherelom infected may be sickness of the great-horned thinness, a svіysky bird. Tuberculosis is transmitted with milk, eggs, when it comes into contact with deformed creatures in the water dzherel. Do not start ingesting tubercular bacteria to the body causing the development of infection. Tuberculosis is a disease that is often associated with unfriendly minds of life, reduced immunity, and despondent powers of the body.

Pathogenesis

In the case of tuberculosis, there are primary and secondary stages. Primary tuberculosis develops in the zone of congestion of the worker and is characterized by high sensitivity to new tissues. In the first day after infection, the immune system is activated, virolyuyuschie specific antibodies to reduce the alarm. Most often in the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes, and in case of alimentary or contact path of infection - in the mucosal-intestinal tract and shkir, a central inflammation is formed. With this bacteria, they can spread through the blood stream and lymph throughout the body and form the primary centers in other organs (nirks, brushes, loams).

Nezabar first fire burns, and the body builds up a strong anti-tuberculosis immunity. However, with a decrease in immune power (in a young and old age, with a weakened body, immunodeficiency syndrome, hormonal therapy, circulatory diabetes, etc.), there is an activation of infection in the middle and a secondary tumor berculosis.

Classification

Tuberculosis is divided into primary and secondary. The first one can be pre-local (tuberculosis intoxication in children and adolescents) and localized (the first tuberculosis complex, which is the source of infection in the local area, and tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes iv).

Secondary tuberculosis is diagnosed by localization on legenev and non-legeny forms. Legeneviy tuberculosis is a fallow type of latitude that stage of infection is miliary, disseminated, moderate, infiltrative, cavernous, fibrous-cavernous, cirrhotic. They also see caseous pneumonia and tuberculoma. Tuberculosis pleurisy, pleurisy empyema and sarcoidosis have been seen as well.

Tuberculosis of the brain and spinal cord and meninges, tuberculosis of the intestines, spinal cord, mesenteric lymph nodes, cysts, suglobivs, nirok, articular organs, mammary glands, shkir and pidshkirnoy cells, eyes. Occasionally, damage to other organs is indicated. In the development of tuberculosis, the phases of infection, decay, obsіmenіnnya, rozmoktuvannya, amplification, scarring and zvapnіnnya are seen. When the bacterium is seen, the form is distinguished (with the observation of bacteria, MBT-positive) and closed (without sight, MBT-negative).

Tuberculosis symptoms

Looking back at the number of clinical forms, tuberculosis can be the most common symptom complexes. The course of the disease is chronic, it begins to sound step by step (for a long time it can be asymptomatic). Over the years, symptoms of acute intoxication are manifested - hyperthermia, tachycardia, weakness, decreased productivity, loss of appetite and weight loss, drinking. With the progression of the infection and the її expanded by the body, the intoxication can be intense. Illnesses signifi- cantly spend at the body of the body, rice denunciations become warm, and a sickly blush appears. The temperature of the body is not higher than subfebrile numbers, but it is three times a three-hour. The fever is less likely to be blamed for the times of massive damage.

Tuberculosis legenia, as a rule, is accompanied by a cough (dry on the cob), which is called upon at night and lies. Causing an inveterate cough with a protyazh more or less three tizhniv є a disturbing symptom, and next to the time of obov'yazkovo go to the doctor. With progression of illness, hemoptysis may appear. Tuberculosis of the leg can be aggravated by the unsafe life of the camp - the leg of the bleeding.

Tuberculosis of other organs and systems is more common and manifests itself, as a rule, after the exclusion of other pathologies.

Tuberculosis of the meninges and brain. It develops progressively over 1-2 days, most often in children with immunodeficiency, in patients with diabetes. On the back, with symptoms of intoxication, they become sleepy, and headache, from another type of sickness, vomiting comes on, headache becomes intense and addictive. Until the end of the first week, meningeal symptoms (rigidity of politic ulcers, symptoms of Kernig and Brudzinsky), neurological disorders were observed.
Tuberculosis of the organs of the herbal tract is characterized by severe intoxication with impaired constipation (constipation, which is caused by diarrhea), symptoms of dyspepsia, pain in the abdomen, and sometimes bloody houses in the stool. Tuberculosis of the intestine can take the development of obstruction.
Tuberculosis of the bones, suglobiv that ridge. In case of tuberculosis of the joints, the symptomatology of arthritis is indicated (bearing in the lesions of the glomerulus, the fragility of the thorns).
Tuberculosis of the organs of the sechostatic system. In case of localization of the follicles of the infection in the nirks of the disease, symptoms of nephritis are indicated, bіl at the back, blood may appear at the cross section. Tuberculosis of the sechovivid paths can rarely develop, in case of manifestations there will be dysuria (disruption of the process of sechotomy), soreness with sechovypuskann. Tuberculosis of the organs of the body (genital tuberculosis) may be the cause of the disease.
Tuberculosis of the skin is characterized by the appearance of scallops under the skin, when it progresses, it grows larger and curves to the skin with the sight of large syringes.

complication

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of tuberculosis legen

Most of the time, tuberculosis of the lower back is asymptomatic, and a significant role in its diagnosis plays a role in prevention of obstezhennia. In the diagnosis of the legenous form of tuberculosis, the following are observed:

Screening methods. For older adults, it is necessary to carry out fluorography of the chest organs, for children - the Mantoux test (a tuberculin diagnostic technique that reveals the levels of infection in the body with tubercular bacillus and tissue reactivity). As an alternative to the tuberculin test and the diaskin test, laboratory methods have been proposed that allow the detection of latent and active tuberculosis infection: T-SPOT test and quantiferon test.
Topical promeneva diagnostics. The main method for diagnosing tuberculosis is radiography of the leg. With this, it is possible to reveal the middle of the infection, both in the legenia, and in other organs and tissues. If necessary, take a CT scan of the leg.
Vivchennya biological media. For the purpose of the wake-up call, the sowing of sputum, the washing of the bronchial waters, and the drain, which are watered from the upper chambers, are used. If the bacterium cannot survive on biological materials, one can speak of an ICD-negative form.
Biopsy. In some cases, to clarify the diagnosis, bronchoscopy with biopsy, biopsy of lymph nodes should be performed.

Diagnosis of post-degenerative tuberculosis

The data of laboratory analyzes are nonspecific and indicate inflammation, intoxication, and other factors (proteinuria, blood in feces) can speak about the localization of the fossa. Prote vsebichne dosledzhennya I will become an organism in case of tuberculosis may mean the hour of choosing the tactics of exaltation.

In case of suspicion of a late-life form of tuberculosis, one often goes into more dead, lower Mantoux, tuberculin diagnostics - Koch's test. Tuberculosis meningitis and encephalitis are often diagnosed by neurologists. The patient is attended to for help by rheoencephalography, EEG, CT and MRI of the brain. To see the liquor from the liquor, a lumbar puncture is performed.

With the development of tuberculosis of the organs of etching, a consultation of a gastroenterologist, ultrasound of the organs of the empty stomach, coprogram is necessary. Tuberculosis of the musculoskeletal system will require further X-ray examinations, CT of the spine, arthroscopy of the affected loam. Before supplementary methods of obstezhennia in case of tuberculosis of the siechostatic system, ultrasound of nirok and sich mikhura is introduced. Patients with a suspicion of tuberculosis will require a consultation with a dermatologist.

Celebration of tuberculosis

The treatment of tuberculosis is directed to the burning of follicles and the elimination of symptoms. Tuberculosis launches are expected to be exuberantly worse, lower at the same time manifestations, induce a severe overrun (destructive form). Tuberculosis treatment is more and more complex (more methods of drug therapy, physiotherapy). The first treatment is carried out at the tuberculosis dispensary until the microorganism is seen. If you are sick, you are registered for outpatient treatment. Patients who have completed a course of therapy for tuberculosis are recommended to go to specialized sanatoriums and preventive clinics.

Surgical treatment is indicated in patients with depression, if conservative therapy is not enough to achieve treatment (cavernous form of tuberculosis legenia, worsened). The most common surgical technique for treatment of tuberculosis is a frequent resection of the legenia due to the variant lesions of the segments. There is also an operational colapsotherapy. Patients who suffer from tuberculosis are prescribed a special high-calorie diet (style No. 11), rich in easily digestible proteins, vitamins C and group B.

Bedtime regimen of prescriptions is less ill due to the high stage of destruction of the leg, pronounced hemoptysis. At the village vipadkiv we are ill recommended walks, jubilant physical culture, active physical activity.

Forecast

In this hour, in the majority of the weather, with the timely manifestation of the necessary and necessary jubilant visits, the forecast is favorable - there is a flood of tubercular follicles and a subsidence of clinical signs that can be taken into account by clinical wear. After the exaltation at the localization of the follicles, scars, fibrosis, encapsulation of the follicles can be left behind, which will avenge the bacteria in the dormant state. If I become ill, the body can relapse into illness, then the ailments after clinical exaltation are transferred to the dispensary appearance at the phthisiatrician and are subject to regular obstezhennia. After the postponement of that treatment of tuberculosis, the tuberculin test is positive.

In times of urgency and underestimation of recommendations, mortality due to tuberculosis is 50% of deaths. In addition, the prognosis is worse for those with a frail age, VIL-infected people, who suffer from cerebrodiabetes.

Prevention

Preventive visits, which are carried out by special anti-tuberculosis likuvalnye installations at once from the pledges of a holistic likuvalny profile, include prophylactic examination of the population (obov'yazkova school fluorography), the manifestation of ailments, as they suffer in the form of tuberculosis, isolation, obstezhennya contact osib, spec.

Specific prophylaxis (vaccination) is directed to the formation of anti-tuberculosis immunity, which includes the introduction of BCG vaccine or prophylactic chemical diseases. In the case of BCG vaccination, tuberculosis occurs in mild, benign forms, it is easier to get drunk. Immunity begins to form in 2 months after vaccination and disappears in 5-7 years. Come in for chemoprophylaxis in the middle of cases with a risk of infection: individuals who have been in contact with ailments for tuberculosis with a negative tuberculin test (primary chemoprophylaxis) and infected individuals (secondary).