You can get meningitis from the beginning. Meningitis: prevention is better than treatment. Meningitis in children and adults - how it can be

Inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord. Pachymeningitis is inflammation of the dura mater, leptomeningitis is inflammation of the soft and arachnoid membranes. Inflammation of the soft membranes is becoming more frequent, and the term “meningitis” is often used. Its triggers may be other pathogenic microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi; Protozoal meningitis rarely occurs. Meningitis is manifested by severe headache, hyperesthesia, vomiting, rigidity of the ulcers, a typical patient's swelling in the bed, hemorrhagic rash on the skin. To confirm the diagnosis of meningitis and establish its etiology, a lumbar puncture and further examination of the liquor are performed.

Zagalnye Vidomosti

Etiology and pathogenesis of meningitis

Meningitis can be caused by several ways of infection. Contact path - the cause of meningitis is due to the already existing purulent infection. The development of sinusogenic meningitis is associated with purulent infection of the sinuses (sinusitis), otogenic - sinusitis or middle ear (otitis), odontogenic - dental pathology. The introduction of infectious agents into the meninges can cause traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury, a fissure or fracture of the base of the skull.

The pathogens of infection, entering the body through the entrance gates (bronchi, cervical tract, nasopharynx), cause inflammation (serous or purulent type) of the meninges and adjacent tissues of the brain. This attack can lead to disruption of microcirculation in the cerebral vessels and membranes, increased resorption of the cerebrospinal fluid and hypersecretion. When the internal cranial pressure moves, hydrocele develops. It is possible to further expand the ignition process on the brain, the root of the cranial and spinal nerves.

Classification of meningitis

Clinical picture of meningitis

The symptom complex of any form of meningitis includes underlying infectious symptoms (fever, chills, elevated body temperature), frequent shortness of breath and disruption of rhythm, changes in heart rate (at the onset of illness, tachycardia, and progressive illness - bradycardia).

Meningitis is characterized by hyperesthesia of the skin and pain in the skull upon percussion. At the beginning of illness, tendon reflexes are noticeable, but as illness progresses, the pain decreases and often disappears. Once the brain is stimulated to begin the speech process, paralysis, pathological reflexes and paresis develop. A severe case of meningitis is accompanied by enlarged ovaries, diplopia, squint, loss of control over the pelvic organs (at times the development of mental disorders).

Symptoms of meningitis in the elderly are atypical: mild headache or constant headache, tremor of the head and ends, drowsiness, mental disorders (apathy or, for example, psychomotor restlessness).

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

The main method of diagnosing (or excluding) meningitis is lumbar puncture with further investigation of the cerebrospinal region. The benefit of this method is evidenced by its safety and simplicity; lumbar puncture is indicated in all cases of suspected meningitis. All forms of meningitis are characterized by the development of the middle under a high pressure (or pressure). With serous meningitis, the cerebrospinal margin of the prosthesis (sometimes opalescent), with purulent meningitis - a pale, yellow-green color. Additional laboratory tests of the cerebrospinal region indicate pleocytosis (neutrophils in purulent meningitis, lymphocytes in serous meningitis), changes in the spinal cord ratio and movements instead of protein.

In order to address the etiological factors of illness, it is recommended to determine the level of glucose in the cerebrospinal region. In cases of tuberculous meningitis, as well as meningitis caused by fungi, the level of glucose decreases. For purulent meningitis, a significant (to zero) decrease in glucose levels is typical.

The main directions of the neurologist in the differentiation of meningitis are the investigation of the cerebrospinal region, and the most important connection between the cells, the tissue and the protein.

Treatment for meningitis

If meningitis is suspected, the patient should be admitted to the hospital for obligatory treatment. If the pre-hospital stage is severe (suppression of speed, fever), the patient is given prednisolone and benzylpenicyline. Lumbar puncture at the prehospital stage is contraindicated.

The basis of treatment for purulent meningitis is the early use of sulfonamides (etazol, norsulfazole) or antibiotics (penicillin). Allows intralumbar administration of benzylpenicillin (in severe cases). If treatment of meningitis for the first 3 days is ineffective, then continue therapy with synthetic antibiotics (ampicillin + oxacyline, carbenicyline) in patients treated with monomycin , gentamicin, nitrofurans. The effectiveness of such a combination of antibiotics has been demonstrated to identify the pathogenic organism and identify its sensitivity to antibiotics. The maximum term of such combination therapy is 2 degrees, after which it is necessary to switch to monotherapy. Criteria for treatment also include a decrease in body temperature, normalization of cytosis (up to 100 cells), regression of cerebral and meningeal symptoms.

The basis of complex treatment of tuberculous meningitis lies in the continuous administration of bacteriostatic doses of two or three antibiotics (for example, isoniazid + streptomycin). If possible side effects occur (vestibular disorders, hearing loss, fatigue), this treatment is not required; a change in the dose of antibiotics and timely addition of desensitizing drugs (difeng) before treatment are indicated. idramin, promethazine), as well as other anti-tuberculosis drugs (rifampicin, PAS). Indications before the patient’s discharge: absence of symptoms of tuberculous meningitis, sanitation of the cerebrospinal region (after 6 months before the onset of illness) and reduction of the patient’s pelvic area.

Treatment of viral meningitis can be combined with the use of symptomatic and antihypertensive drugs (glucose, metamizole sodium, vitamins, methyluracil). In severe cases (involving posthalno-cerebral symptoms), corticosteroids and diuretics are prescribed, and sometimes a repeat lumbar puncture. In cases of bacterial infection, antibiotics may be needed.

Forecast

In future forecasts, an important role is played by the form of meningitis, the relevance and adequacy of medical treatment. As residual symptoms after tuberculous and purulent meningitis, they most often include headaches, intracranial hypertension, epileptic attacks, impaired vision and hearing. As a result of late diagnosis and resistance to antibiotics, there is a high mortality rate from purulent meningitis (meningococcal infection).

Prevention

As a preventive approach to avoiding meningitis, regular preparation (water treatments, sports), timely treatment of chronic and acute infectious diseases, as well as short courses of immunostimulating drugs (barely uterococcus, ginseng) at the sites of meningococcus.

Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes of the brain of a bacterial or viral nature. This illness is not safe due to the localization of the ignition process - the expansion of the process on the tissue of the brain, which leads to the absence of important consequences.

The result of illness depends on the adequacy and appropriateness of treatment, which is practically impossible to ensure in the home, but meningitis is reflected in the hospital. How long does it take to take a bath and how long does it take to stay in hospital?

Treatment of meningitis is carried out in hospital clinics

Little things about getting sick

It is impossible to establish the exact term for the treatment of meningitis - it is due to the indifference of individual characteristics of the body and the clinical progression of the disease. Initially, the form of illness depends on the etiological factor and the severity of the patient’s condition.

Meningitis can be caused by a large number of microorganisms and viruses, among which there are often:

Meningococcus.
Hemophilus stick.
Pneumococcus.
Tuberculosis stick.
Viruses.
Gribi.
Chlamydia.
In the simplest way.

KRIM Tsyoo, Menngіti to pepper, Viknikli is self-operation, without indiscriminately іppsii, I secondorn, yaki є ilje-vene-fiber in the ilnsy part of the Organizma. vessels) and contact (for the presence of purulent-inflammatory rot in the affected areas).

Illness is accompanied by numerous pathological changes:

The production of the spinal cord is advancing.
The penetration of the blood-brain barrier increases.
The bleeding of the brain, especially the microcirculatory bed, is destroyed.
Toxins negatively flow onto the brain tissue.
It is important to drain liquor, which leads to hydrocephalus (dropsy of the brain).
Signs of hypoxia increase.
The culprit is a swelling of the brain.
The process gradually expands into the speech and tracts of the brain.

Symptoms of meningitis vary depending on the etiology, and can be called the main, underlying forms of illness. In most episodes, the illness begins with an intense headache that spreads over the entire surface of the head and grows to an unbearable level. After about an hour, tediousness appears, perhaps even vomiting. The patient takes a characteristic pose on his side, with his head thrown back and his legs pressed up to his stomach. Meningococcal infection is accompanied by a characteristic rash on the body, pneumococcal infection is accompanied by rhinitis, and enterovirus additionally causes inflammation disorders.

Officials who pour into the triviality of celebration

If you suspect meningitis, you must call a Swede for help

There is no clear answer to nutrition, no matter how long it takes to get sick.

The difficulty of drug therapy lies in a variety of factors that are involved in the development of an individual treatment plan.

Significance:

The form of the disease – bacterial meningitis is more important than viral meningitis.
The health of the body and the age of the sick - children of preschool age and summer people get sick more often, the clinical picture is important; Concomitant chronic illness may complicate treatment and prolong the term of hospitalization.
It’s time for a bath - timely diagnosis and the beginning of a bath is allowed close to the bath; In case of advanced illness, the prognosis is less favorable and treatment requires more than an hour.
Individual sensitivity of the body to medications that need to be taken.

The triviality of the bath lies in the form of illness

The term treatment in a hospital depends on the form of meningitis - the more important the clinical picture is, then more than an hour is needed on the outside.

Meningococcal meningitis

This is what meningococcus looks like

This form of meningitis is often accompanied by swelling of the cerebrum, hyperemia, and excessive infiltrates on the surface of the cerebral lining. In the early stages (within the first stage of clinical manifestations), the diagnosis of illness can be avoided by a further extended process and the hour of reverie will speed up. The onset of meningococcal meningitis or irrational drug therapy can cause important pathological processes, as a result of which medical treatments are delayed and do not always give the desired result. In the average case, the illness ranges from two to five-six days, with a long run – up to 8 days.

Purulent and tuberculous meningitis

The purulent inflammation of the meninges progresses rapidly - the purulent fills the subarachnoid space, meningeal symptoms are sharply expressed, the patient’s condition is severe. In the average clinical course, this form of illness lasts for about 4-5 days, the prognosis with adequate treatment is good.

Symptoms of tuberculous meningitis increase over many years. Treatment is also complete - specific medications are taken for 12-18 months.

In case of tuberculous meningitis, the patient is prescribed anti-tuberculosis drugs

Average rates of failure after meningitis

The terms of waste of inefficiency depend on the form of the disease: after mild serous meningitis, the severity of inefficiency becomes at least two or three times higher. Severe forms of illness are accompanied by a loss of work capacity of five to six months or more. It is possible to return to work only after complete relief of all symptoms, at which point the patient is given special mental considerations to reduce stress. Over the course of the day after check-out, the employee begins to change due to nightly changes and the value is above normal. If symptoms persist, the medicinal leaf will last for one to two months. If 4-6 months after discharge from medicine the symptoms do not subside, the patient should be referred for a medical and social examination to be assigned a disability group.

Meningitis is associated with acute illness of an infectious nature, which causes inflammation in the membranes of the brain or spinal cord. Illness can occur in people no matter what the age or state. This is to say that it is important for people to appreciate this, as they treat meningitis at home.

Take a look at the illness, first and second. The first meningitis occurs in the ear and appears as a burning of the membranes of the brain, and the second one occurs through the spread of infection to the internal organs of a person.

In addition, the disease can be bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal or mixed. Based on its course, meningitis is divided into acute, progressive, chronic and acute forms. Warto believe that the bliskavich type leads to death after a few days, and the chronic type lasts for months.

The disease is transmitted by wind-drops and until the end of the disease, an epidemic occurs. The most common causes of meningitis are meningococcal, pneumococcal and haemophilus influenzae.

A viral form of the disease, such as mumps or rubella, can lead to severe complications. The fungal type is associated with low immunity. Tuberculous meningitis develops gradually and is characterized by advanced intoxication.

The infectious process that occurs on the cerebral lining can spread to the cerebral tissue and nerve endings. Such a phenomenon threatens the patient with deafness, blindness and disability. Only qualified treatment can ruin people's lives.

First symptoms of illness

When doctors diagnose illness, they identify characteristic symptoms in patients. Axis actions from them:

Headaches that cannot be relieved with medications.
Postive element in children.
Intoxication, which provokes an increase in body temperature.
The vomiting is severe, causing swelling of the meninges.
Devastation, which abruptly gives way to apathy.
Damage to Svidomosti, lighthouse station.
Fear of the sound and bright light.
Skewness.
The appearance of small spots all over the body is associated with the presence of meningococcal infection in the body.

In addition, there are a number of specific signs that indicate that you are about to analyze the illness yourself. Stinks like this:

A person, lying in a prone position, throws her head back, bends her knees and places her hands on her chest. This is the standard position for meningitis – meningeal.
The patient recognizes the stiffness of pain on the body: he cannot bend his head forward, because there is severe pain.
As soon as people tap their foreheads for a little while, they make a grimace in pain.
In the hour of falling head, those lost zones can significantly expand.

If a person notices similar symptoms either in himself or in a relative, he must urgently call a Swede for help or surrender to a doctor. Animal life may not be safe for life.

Diagnostic procedures

Doctors can make a diagnosis based on the symptoms of a subset of the meninges, evidence of intoxication or pathological changes in the spinal cord. Before the patient, we need to undergo a lumbar puncture, which helps not only to make an accurate diagnosis, but also to reduce the internal cranial pressure. It is necessary to remember that meningitis provokes pressure on the liquor, so it is recommended to work with the puncture very carefully. If the liquor runs out even quickly, the process may cause damage to the brain, which could be fatal for the patient.

In meningitis, laboratory investigations confirm an increase in protein levels in the liquor. If we are talking about a purulent bacterial form of the disease, then in the liquor we can avoid an increase in the number of neutrophils and a decrease in glucose and chlorides. If viral meningitis is suspected, then the liquor has lymphocytes, and the levels of glucose and chlorides are off the charts.

If the core of the spinal cord is examined, a bacterial agent may be detected. Why is bacterioscopy carried out - culture for the reaction to antibiotics or serodiagnosis - a method for detecting antibodies to viruses.

What kind of doctor will they turn to because of alarming symptoms?

Very often, people who are faced with a problem do not know where to turn to begin to cure their illness. Immediately contact your on-site therapist. Whenever there is a question about a child, it is the father’s responsibility to take her to a pediatrician.

In this case, if the illness proceeds without leaving an end and the patient immediately seeks help, you can seek treatment from a therapist or at home. If the disease is advanced and there is a risk of severe complications or death, then an infectious disease specialist or a neurologist will come to help.

Methods for treating illness

You can speak with pride about those who are sick, who look at them and rejoice. But here is a trace of the fact that there is no doubt about the immediately diagnosed form of the disease. If the illness has not been treated for a long time, problems with the nervous system and other organs may arise. This is to say about those that meningitis is usually treated at a separate hospital. And the main focus of therapy lies in the reasons that led to the development of the disease.

The bacterial type of disease is usually treated with antibiotics, the viral type with antiviral drugs, and the fungal type with antifungal medications. Warto believe that antibiotics are responsible for a wide range of drugs, because they cannot be applied locally to the brain membranes.

In addition, the faces that fight against the main manifestations of illness are widely stagnant. There are some things that can be done to lower the temperature, heat, and more. This can include sechotherapy.

The terms of therapy can be defined by only the doctor. It is possible to identify the stage of development of the disease when it is treated until it is medicinal, the causes of its development, the indications for tracking and the underlying condition of the patient.

Self-love

Until you have plenty of food to deal with illnesses, there is a need to clarify such a moment as treating meningitis in the home. Here we can give one conclusion: treatment of illness is recommended, including for the sake of the hospital.

On an outpatient basis, it is possible to complete rehabilitation of a patient who has suffered from meningitis. Here you can renew your health after fighting illness. Such approaches are considered individually due to the complexity of the therapy.

First you need to treat yourself at home, you will need to withdraw permission from the doctor. Just by following his recommendations, it will be enough to renew the illness of a person. In order to quickly get the patient back on his feet, it is important to reach out to the following minds:

Suvoro stay on bed rest.
Regularly remove the darkened area if you are ill.
The food may be balanced, and the beer will be clear.
Don’t forget about regular intake of vitamin complexes.
Another obligatory point is the elimination of therapeutic physiotherapeutic visits.

It is very important to follow the guard of a human being: as soon as deterioration occurs, it is important to call a doctor, because the risk of development is complicated.

Take a bath with chamomile and pine needles. Infusions of these gifts of nature give the opportunity to face judgment, purify the heart and renew strength.
Crane tea is considered a natural antibiotic and even red tea for fever.
You need to mix coriander fruits, mint leaves and lemon balm. Pour all the ingredients with alcohol and water, then stir until thoroughly. It is necessary to use Vikoristovat as a lotion on the temples and for headaches.
The burnet root is trimmed and after 20 days, poured with alcohol until the porridge is cured. To remove it, rub it on the skin several times a day.
An infusion of lavender flowers has an irritating, anti-arrest and calming effect.
Shipshin to supply the body with all the necessary vitamins and relieve headaches. Throw the berries in a bowl for 15 minutes, then place them in a closed jar for 24 years and process. Take 100 ml 2 times a day.
Linden tea can reduce sweating, relieve pain and act as an antiseptic.
During the spring season, it is recommended to drink kulbabi juice before meals.

All this is for the sake of actuality only when the main therapy has ended and the illness is progressive. Please remember that everyday folk recipes do not replace medications.

What is the prevention of illness?

There are a number of methods for preventing this dangerous illness. One of them is important: proper vaccination against the disease, which provokes inflammation in the meninges.

Another method is special hygiene and avoidance of contact with disease carriers. It is recommended to use special masks in times of mass epidemics.

In this case, if it is not possible to overcome the illness, you should immediately go to the clinic for proper and adequate treatment.

Serious and severe neuroinfectious illnesses include meningitis – a process of incendiary nature in the soft and arachnoid membranes of the brain, which leads to swelling of the brain structures and poses a threat to the patient’s life.

The cause of such a decrease in the central nervous system may be bacterial agents, viruses, or even simplest things. Sometimes meningitis in adult patients provokes autoimmune diseases, internal cranial swelling processes or traumatic hemorrhage.

Meningitis - it's not safe to get sick

Classification of meningitis

It is likely that the primary cause of inflammation of the meninges is secondary and primary meningitis. The second most common cause of TBI is either the complications after neurosurgical manipulations, or purulent illness of the ENT (otitis media, sinusitis). Primary meningitis is the influx of a pathogenic pathogen directly onto the structure of the nervous system (for example, meningococcal infection).

Due to the important localization of the ignition process, meningitis may include:

Convexital.
Basal.
Cerebrospinal.

The nature of the pathological process can be classified as follows:

Bliskavich meningitis.
Gostrius.
Pidgostrius.
chronic

Meningitis can also be graded according to severity: mild, moderate, severe.

Main causes of illness

There are two main types of meningitis: viruses and bacteria. Other etiological agents (mycoses, protozoa, rickettsia) are hunted very rarely.

Meningitis can be caused by different types of alarms

Among viral diseases, the greatest role is played by Coxsackie and ECHO viruses. The viral etiology of the disease itself is diagnosed in 60% of patients. The smallest part, about 30%, is caused by inflammation of the meninges of a bacterial nature.

The main bacteria that cause meningitis in adults are pneumococcus, meningococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae. In children in the neonatal period, the disease may also include coliform, enterococci, and klebsii.

How the ignition process develops

The most common way of spreading infection is hematogenous. It is often indicated as a contact lesion, for example, for the presence of purulent inflammation in the bones of the skull, sinuses, and middle veins.

The incubation period of the inflammation of the membranes of the brain can be observed as an etiological official. So, with viral meningitis, the veins can develop within three to seven days, and with bacterial meningitis, it can last up to ten days. Tuberculous meningitis often lasts a long incubation period, up to 10-14 days; Sometimes this period is regarded as prodromal, since there are no specific symptoms of swelling of the membranes of the brain, and there is underlying weakness, restlessness, and sleep disturbance.

After the penetration of a pathogenic agent into the subarachnoid space, ignition changes occur and swelling in the brain membrane occurs, which is not possible before stretching. As a result, there is a displacement of the structures of the cerebellum and cerebellum, which can lead to swelling of the cerebrum and pose a threat to the patient’s life. This development of the disease is characteristic of important meningitis with cob. In case of chronic illness, the swelling of the brain is less pronounced, and the symptoms of the illness may not be as severe.

Signs of meningitis

Regardless of the etiology of illness, a description of its clinical picture. consists of three main syndromes:

Intoxicating
Meningeal
Characteristics of changing liquor.

Intoxication syndrome

This symptom complex includes signs characteristic of any other infectious pathology. Hyperthermia is indicated, with acute bacterial inflammation it can reach 39 degrees or higher, chronic overheating (for example, the acute process of tuberculosis etiology) is often accompanied by slight increases in temperature and up to 37.5 degrees.

Other symptoms of meningitis include chills, increased sweating, weakness, and loss of strength. Laboratory tests of peripheral blood indicate leukocyte destruction to the left, shifted to the left, characteristic of an acute ignition process.

Meningeal syndrome

This includes cerebrovascular and meningeal symptoms. cerebral membranes - a result of swelling of the meninges and a displaced intracranial pressure. The main characteristics of the syndrome: severe headache of a diffuse nature, boredom, and possibly a lot of vomiting. In case of severe illness, acuity is destroyed from mild stupor to coma. In certain episodes of illness, psychomotor restlessness, hallucinations, and intellectual-mnestic disorders may occur.

Verification of Kernig's sign

At the same time, meningeal signs are associated with visible pathology and allow the doctor to make the initial diagnosis already upon examination of the patient. These include symptoms of hyperesthesia - increased sensitivity to light, sound, sensitivity to the skin. Another group includes painful phenomena (Kerer, Mendel, Pulatov) and so-called meat contractures. The remaining ones most often used in medical practice for diagnosis, their main characteristics:

The inability to bend the patient's head completely while lying down is the rigidity of the patient's body.
Kernig's sign is tension in the muscles of the posterior surface of the leg, as a result of which it is impossible for a person lying on his back to straighten his leg bent at the knee.
This is the name of the meningitic posture - when, through extreme tension in the back, the maximum extension of the back occurs with the head thrown back, the legs brought up to the stomach, and the legs bent at the knees.

The presence of meningeal signs means an inflamed process and swelling of the meninges; for the presence of such symptoms, it is necessary to seek medical help sooner.

Change with liquor

Carrying out a lumbar puncture with early laboratory diagnosis of spinal fluid (CSF) allows not only to confirm the diagnosis of meningitis, but also to identify its etiology. Firing processes and swelling of the meninges are revealed by significant shifts in the pressure of the liquor; with a closer look, the clarity and color can be changed. This is especially characteristic of a bacterial process - the liquor becomes pale yellow in color.

Spinal puncture

Laboratory analysis shows a change in the tissue structure in the liver (pleocytosis). When the process is caused by bacteria, an increase in neutrophils is detected, and in case of a viral infection – in lymphocytes. Further microbiological investigation helps to identify the type of disease, and therefore its sensitivity to the antibiotic. When analyzing the liquor, also give a description of the fruit and protein. In some clinics, it is possible to carry out serological reactions in addition.

Other symptoms of meningitis may include characteristic skin manifestations. For example, with meningococcal infection, hemorrhagic swelling occurs on the ends, abdomen, and especially on the head.

Keep in mind that the presence of a high body temperature, which is accompanied by a severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and the appearance of a rash on the body, can indicate a severe form of meningitis.

In this case, it is necessary to urgently seek medical help, as the consequences of such illness can cause swelling of the brain and threaten the life of the patient.

Deterioration of meningitis

During the acute period of illness, there is severe swelling of the brain and a deformation of the appearance of secondary encephalitis (damage to the central cerebral tissue). Meningoencephalitis can be manifested as intermediate and diffuse neurological symptoms, which sometimes saves time after becoming ill, and in severe cases it becomes a cause of disability.

Particularly unsafe complications may result in the formation of a cerebral abscess, which often occurs with secondary bacterial meningitis against the background of ENT pathology (sinusitis, otitis). This causes a thick swelling of the brain tissue and displacement of the central structures, which means it poses a threat to the patient’s life. In this case, in addition to conservative therapy, surgical treatment is carried out.

Likuvannya

The sooner treatment for meningitis is given, the better the patient's chances of survival

Therapy for meningitis, regardless of etiology, is carried out out of the hospital’s mind. As a rule, the first forms of illness (bacterial and viral) are treated in the infectious department, the second - in a specialized department, depending on the main diagnosis (neurosurgery, ENT). In case of a severe illness with a swelling of the brain, which is rapidly progressing, the patient is in the intensive care unit.

The therapeutic regimen for meningitis includes three main components: antibiotic therapy, symptomatic treatment and treatment aimed directly at eliminating pathogenetic mechanisms (detoxification, combating brain swelling, neuroprotection, correction of acidosis).

Remnants of bacterial meningitis are caused by inflammation and swelling of the meninges, caused by a severe illness, then antibacterial treatment is carried out with generic antibiotics and a wide range of drugs. In addition, the antibacterial drug must readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Most often, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone are used in combination with Ampicillin and Benzylpenicillin.

Therapy for viral meningitis includes antiviral drugs – Tilorone, recombinant interferons, immunoglobulins. Antituberculosis drugs are prescribed if the tuberculosis etiology of illness is confirmed.

Rehabilitation

After discharge from the hospital, the patient is given recommendations for the period of treatment at home. Also, after two periods of illness with meningitis, he was seen at a neurologist's dispensary.

Nootropic drug

For moderate and severe forms of meningitis, as well as after meningoencephalitis, tablet forms of drugs are prescribed: neuroprotectors (piracetam, encephabol), multivitamin complexes (vitrum, duovit), adaptogens. If there are excessive neurological symptoms (paresis, paralysis), exercise therapy, massage, and physiotherapy are recommended. Treatment with an ophthalmologist or ENT doctor is indicated for obvious impairment of vision or hearing.

Comprehensive rehabilitation after meningitis includes correction of food intake. The diet must be complete, which means it contains a sufficient amount of easily digestible protein (chicken, rabbit, lean fish, cheese, fermented milk), fresh vegetables and fruits, vegetable oils based on polyunsaturated fatty acids (olive, flan) .

For a period of about six months, heavy physical exercise is contraindicated, night shift work is at its best.

Prevention

The main prevention of meningitis is the improvement of the immune system, which is ensured by frequent meals, a clear complement to regular physical activity. It is also necessary, under medical supervision, to treat purulent lesions in the skull, for example, otitis or sinusitis, and undergo regular medical examination to identify lesions due to tuberculosis.

In the event of meningitis in the preschool or kindergarten, the mortgage is closed for a two-year quarantine

If an ill child leaves the nursery, the group is in awe of quarantine. The term indicates the incubation period of illness. For viral meningitis, quarantine lasts up to 7 days; for meningococcal infection, quarantine lasts up to 10 days. If the child was in preschool on the day the infection was detected, then she can continue to go to the group during the current quarantine period. If meningitis is detected at school, you must not go into quarantine. Fathers of children should be informed about what meningitis is, its symptoms, early signs and possible complications. If there is a slightest suspicion of meningitis (high temperature, white head, vomiting, bloating on the body), you will need to immediately contact a doctor.

Meningitis is a gastric infection that causes inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord and brain. The infection can be caused by fungi, viruses and various bacteria, for example: Haemophilus influenzae, enteroviruses, meningococcal infection, tuberculosis bacilli. Signs of meningitis can appear in anyone, but usually in people with weakened immune systems, premature babies, patients with head injuries, back injuries and central nervous system disorders.

For adequate and, most importantly, urgent treatment for meningitis, people’s vital organs and systems do not suffer. The culprit is reactive meningitis, the consequences of which can be even more important. If meningitis is not treated immediately, once symptoms develop, the patient may become deaf or blind. Illness often leads to coma and death. As a rule, the development of meningitis in children and adults builds up immunity before daybreak, but there are also culprits. However, episodes of repeated illness are even rare. According to data from scientists, the infection occurs in only 0.1% of people who have become ill.

How can meningitis occur?

Getting sick is the first and second. The first type of infection is diagnosed when the membranes of the brain are affected when the tissue is infected. Secondary meningitis in adult children manifests itself due to the underlying illness (leptospirosis, otitis, mumps, etc.), develops gradually, and as a result also leads to damage to the membranes of the brain.

An important sign of both types of infection is the acute nature of the clinical progression of the disease. Illness develops over many days and will require a lot of treatment to overcome serious problems. The culprit of this rule is tuberculous meningitis, which may not manifest itself for many years and months.

Causes of meningitis

The main cause of illness is meningococcal infection. In most outbreaks, the disease is transmitted by the wind-speckled route. The main source of infection is people's illness, and the infection can be acquired starting from public transport and ending at clinics. In children's groups, the daily alarm will cause current epidemics of illness. It is also significant that when meningococcal infection enters the human body, purulent meningitis begins to develop. A report about this will be revealed in one of the upcoming sections.

Another common cause of illness is various viruses. Most often, the damage to the membranes of the brain can be caused by enterovirus infection, and illness can develop due to herpes virus, measles, mumps or rubella.

Other factors that provoke meningitis in children and adults include:

boils on the neck or face;
frontal sinusitis;
sinusitis;
acute and chronic otitis media;
abscess of the leg;
osteomyelitis of the skull bones.

Reactive meningitis

Reactive meningitis is one of the most dangerous forms of infection. It is often called a Bliskavich-like clinical picture. If medical assistance was given too late, the patient falls into a coma and dies from large putrefactive lesions on the brain. As doctors begin to treat reactive meningitis with first aid, the consequences will not be so serious, but the stench can threaten a person’s life. Of great importance in reactive meningitis is early diagnosis, which is carried out by taking a transverse puncture.

Purulent meningitis in adults and children

Purulent meningitis is characterized by the development of subhalal cerebral, subhalal infectious and meningeal syndromes, as well as disorders of the central nervous system and inflammatory processes in the cerebrospinal region. In 90% of registered episodes of illness, the illness was due to infection. When a child develops purulent meningitis, the symptoms will initially suggest a cold or flu, but within a few years the patient will experience characteristic signs of meningeal infection.

very strong headache;
Bagatoraz's vomiting;
confusion of information;
appearance of visipki;
voltage m'yaziv police
skewness;
It’s painful when trying to pull your head up to your chest.

In addition to the treatment of most symptoms of meningitis, children also experience several other signs: drowsiness, swelling, diarrhea, pulsation of the thymus.

Treatment for meningitis

Patients with meningitis require permanent hospitalization. Do not try to treat meningitis with folk remedies and do not call for emergency help, as a result of the infection could easily result in disability or death.

The drugs of choice for treatment of meningitis include antibiotics. It is important to note that in approximately 20% of cases the cause of the illness cannot be identified, then broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed in medicines in order to cover all people in the world. A course of antibiotic therapy lasts at least 10 days. This term is used due to the presence of putrefactive lesions in the area of the skull.

At this time, meningitis in adults and children is treated with additional penicillin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. If the stench does not give a noticeable effect, then the disease is treated with vancomycin and carbapenems. There may be serious side effects and vicarious effects only in these cases, if there is a real risk of developing fatally dangerous complications.

To avoid severe meningitis, the patient is prescribed endolumbar antibiotics, in which the drugs are delivered directly to the spinal canal.

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