The appearance of the first signs of visual impairment - the appearance of discomfort in the eyes, redness, burning, watery eyes, increased sensitivity to sunlight, eye fatigue, headache when reading and working at the computer - is a reason for urgent testing to rule out eye diseases.
Many Internet resources provide an opportunity to independently pass an eye test online for free, without leaving home and without interrupting work.
The method allows you to roughly assess your vision and does not replace a medical examination. But if problems are found, it will make it clear that it is time to contact an optometrist.
Rules for self-passing vision tests
- Check only if you feel well. Fever, headache, general fatigue and eye fatigue after prolonged exertion, taking some pills can distort the results.
- Provide sufficient light in the room.
- When testing, do not tilt your head, do not squint your eyes.
- Install the monitor according to the rules.
Tables for an eye test from Sivtsev
The most common way to determine visual acuity is the Sivtsev table (SB). The author is the Russian ophthalmologist D. A. Sivtsev. This table contains 12 lines of 7 capital letters of the Russian alphabet, the size of which decreases from top to bottom.
On the left is the distance in meters (D) from which the eye can see with 100% vision. On the right is the conditional value of visual acuity (V). If you see the tenth line from 5 meters, then you have excellent eyesight.
For self-control of vision, the Sivtsev table can be downloaded (right-click on the image above and click save) on three A4 sheets, glue them with adhesive tape and fix them on the wall. Sitting or standing, you will take the test, the table should be located at eye level. Provide the necessary lighting with an incandescent lamp (40 W) or a pair of fluorescent lamps (700 lux).
When checking one eye with the other, you need to close it with thick cardboard, plastic or just your palm. Visual acuity corresponds to the indicator on the left (letter V) on the line where you have not made more than one mistake.
Orlova's table for children
To test eyesight in children who do not know letters, use the Orlova tablewhich depicts objects familiar to children.
Online eye tests
Simplified tests for online visual acuity testing are interesting (although it is difficult to say about 100% reliability). A sign similar to the letter W or E is displayed. As the test progresses, the sign decreases in size. You need to use the cursor to indicate the direction of the open side of the sign by clicking on the arrows until you stop distinguishing it. There are enough similar tests on the net, you can choose for every taste.
Additional tests
For macular degeneration
The Amsler chart is used to check the central visual fields. It is a graphical grid with a black dot in the center. At this central point, you need to fix your gaze, observing the lines of the grid with your peripheral vision. Normally they should remain even and equally black. Any distortion of the mesh can be a sign of macular degeneration. This should alert and force you to be examined by an ophthalmologist in order to exclude retinal pathology.
For Astigmatism
The Siemens star is one of the ways to test eyesight for astigmatism. Astigmatism is a violation of the normal, spherical curvature of the cornea and / or lens. A slight curvature of sphericity is possible and normal, if it does not interfere with the quality of visual perception.
With imperfect vision, the rays of the star overlap, not reaching the center, merge with the background. Inversion of rays is observed when blacks are seen as white and vice versa. With healthy vision, such an inversion effect is observed if the image of the star is brought to a close distance to the eyes.
There are several options for stars and ruled squares to define astigmatism.
Duochrome table for eye refraction test
The duochrome test is a non-instrumental method of examining eye refraction. It is based on the phenomenon in which rays with different wavelengths (different colors) are refracted differently by the optics of the eye. It is necessary to determine whether optotypes are more clearly distinguished against a red or green background. In different versions of the test, they can be in the form of letters, Landolt rings and numbers.
Clear legibility of black marks on a red background and fuzziness on a green background indicates myopia, which is corrected with minus diopters. The clarity of signs only on a green background is a sign of hyperopia, corrected by plus diopters.
To relieve fatigue and raise eye tone, it is useful to make contrasting compresses: alternately apply pieces of cloth to the eyes, moistened first in hot, then in cold water.
Do not forget to blink more often when you spend time at the computer (we recommend that you familiarize yourself with why your eyes hurt from a computer, an overview of gymnastics for the eyes and a vitamin). This will protect the cornea from drying out. Take breaks during which you can keep your eyes closed.
Choose for yourself a convenient complex of gymnastics for the eyes and perform during breaks working at the computer, reading, watching TV, knitting.
Adjust your diet so that it is complete in all respects. Supplement it with vitamin and mineral complexes, eye supplements.
Position your computer monitor correctly, just below eye level. Use, if necessary, special glasses and natural tear drops (after consulting a doctor).
If your vision is impaired, do not try to correct it yourself. Only a specialist can choose the right glasses and lenses.
If any changes in vision appear, consult an ophthalmologist, who is recommended to undergo a routine examination annually.
An optometrist's table of vision for checking visual acuity is of great importance in ophthalmology. Adults encounter her every time when they undergo a medical examination for a job, to obtain a driving license. Children are tested for the quality of their eyesight by ophthalmologists at school and in hospitals.
It is important to periodically check the eyes with a vision chart for inspection, as it is deteriorating from modern technology more than in past decades.
You can check your eyesight for free using an ophthalmologist's vision table for checking in a doctor's office, or by downloading an image of the table to your computer.
An eye test according to the interpretation of the medical dictionary is called "visometry". A feature of the procedure is the correct distance between the eyes and the table, which is 5 m.
Tables with letters and numbers
The most famous and most used in the modern world is an ophthalmologist's vision chart with a set of numbers and letters, developed by an ophthalmologist from Holland Hermann Snellen.
The largest letters and numbers appear at the top and proportionally decrease downward. The letters are printed in 11 lines, the line thickness of which corresponds to the spacing between the characters themselves.
Near Visual Acuity Tables
The work of the eyes near is checked using a special table of vision of the ophthalmologist for checking, which contains several texts with letters of different sizes. The table is placed 33-34 cm from the eyes. Determination of the quality of vision for each eye is checked separately, without correction.
To fit the glasses, the eyes are checked simultaneously and with the correction. High-quality vision is the ability to read the smallest text without errors.
Driver tables
An eye test for drivers is an important criterion when applying for a driver's license. The ophthalmic procedure is carried out mainly using the Sivtsev table. Less often, the table of vision of the ophthalmologist Golovin is additionally used for checking. 
The driver must have both eyes checked, but if the standards are not met, correction with glasses, lenses is applied, sometimes surgical intervention occurs. In addition, drivers are additionally checked with color tables for color blindness.
Color (color) charts for color perception test
The correct perception of colors is checked with tables to check for color blindness. The essence of a visual phenomenon is the lack of correct perception of one or several colors. The condition is congenital, and vision tests identify the problem.
Testing is carried out using tables to test the vision of an ophthalmologist and scientist Rabkin. Each of them has many colored dots, the brightness of which is the same, but they themselves are different in color.
A patient with a normal perception of the color scheme will be able to see drawn numbers of a different color against the background of dots. A person suffering from color blindness, apart from dots, will not see anything, or will see other numbers that are not shown there.
Types of vision test tables
In the modern world, there are many ways to test eyes, but the most famous and popular is the test with special tables. This is an easy and cheap way to test a person's visual acuity. The eyes are checked more thoroughly using modern devices to determine eye problems.
Orlova's table
Orlova's table is intended for testing the vision of preschoolers. Its lines are made up of simple pictures, as in other tables, the lines are reduced from top to bottom. From the left one hundred 
rones there are indicators in meters required for distance, opposite each line.
Normally, the child will be able to see the drawing (starting from 50 m and ending with 2.5 m - the lines of the last bottom row). The right side of the table has units (V), with the help of which they learn about the quality of vision in a child. With a good percentage of vision, the child sees the tenth line from 5 m with both eyes (1.0 V).
Sivtsev's table
To check for myopia and hyperopia, a table of vision of the Russian ophthalmologist Sivtsev is assigned. The template contains 12 lines, which contain a set of seven identical letters, gradually decreasing from top to bottom.
Popular table of vision of an ophthalmologist for checking Sivtsev Two additional columns are placed on the sides:
- D - indicator in meters. A certain distance at which a person reads letters.
- V is an indicator of visual acuity.
Diagnostics is carried out from 5 m from the table, each eye is checked in turn separately: first the right, then the left. An eye that is not checked while checking the other is temporarily covered by a shutter.
The canvas with a set of letters is necessarily illuminated by two fluorescent lamps. A good indicator of vision, which is considered the norm, is 10, when a person sees the tenth line from a distance of 5 m.
There is a Sivtsev table with 15 rows. The highest lines after 10 are intended for those who have the highest visual acuity values \u200b\u200b- 150-200%. Sometimes such lines are used when the length of the room is less than 5 m, then corrections are made to the calculation of the percentage of vision.
Rosenbaum table
The Rosenbaum table is a set of numbers, letters and signs, its purpose for checking the eyes at close range. This is a scaled-down analogue of the American Snellen table. When calculating and making conclusions, indicate the distance of vision measurements not 6 m, but near, or apply the calculation using units of the Jaeger system. 
The visual examination is carried out with an ophthalmologist's vision chart to check under maximum daylight, with an arrangement of 36 cm parallel to the eyes.
Each eye is checked separately. If glasses are available, eyesight is checked in both cases. Nearsightedness and senile farsightedness are checked only with close glasses.
Norbekov's table
The Norbekov technique is not so popular, however, it takes place in ophthalmological practice. Invented in the last century, the table is somewhat reminiscent of Sivtsev's technique, but the letters here are replaced by texts that are arranged in order from the largest to the smallest character size. The essence of the table is not so much in checking visual acuity as in training both eyes. 
The procedure follows the scheme:
- Farsightedness checking with the eye doctor's vision chart requires a maximum distance of 15 cm from the eyes.
- In the case of myopia, the table is placed on an outstretched arm.
- When one eye is healthy, it is covered with a flap.
- When one eye is sick with myopia and the other with hyperopia, their training takes place in turn.
- Exercise for the eyes: look at the table fleetingly, without examining it in detail, while keeping your posture straight.
- Start reading the table from top to bottom until the letters in the line begin to blur. This row will become "working". Repeat the procedure with each subsequent line.
Restoration of visual acuity according to Norbekov occurs in several periods:
- The visual function begins to start, the process takes about three days.
- Recovery lasts 3-8 days.
- The norm of vision is being worked out (20-40 days).
To improve the quality of vision or restore it, it is necessary to constantly deal with the Norbekov table. The procedure is quite simple, only slight eye movements play the main role. In no case should you strain and overwork your eyes.
Golovin's table
Golovin's table consists of symbols that form 12 lines of different sizes. Visual acuity is determined from 5 m, starting with the indicators of the upper row (0.1) and ending with the lower ones (2.0). 
In the ophthalmology office, the ophthalmist's vision table for checking the quality of visual abilities is placed in a special box illuminated by an incandescent lamp and two fluorescent lamps. When checking the eyes, you need to keep your back straight, your eyes should not be closed, one of them is covered with a white opaque shutter.
The evaluation of the results is carried out using the concepts indicated on the side columns of the table about the complete and incomplete picture of visual acuity.
Snellen table
The Snellen table is quite common in use in eye examination. It contains uppercase letters (optotypes), the size of which decreases from top to bottom. 
Eyesight is checked from 6 m from the table. Each eye is checked separately. Doctors consider the measurement of visual acuity 6/6 the norm, when a person is able to read several letters from the bottom lines correctly. There are also small versions of the Snellen table used when checking a person's myopia.
Rabkin table
Studies according to Rabkin's tables are carried out from a distance of 0.5-1 m. The patient's visual acuity should be more than 0.05, with less acuity, the distance between the table and the eyes is reduced. Older children name figurines, and smaller children draw outlines with a pencil. 
The first step in the study is to show two demo tables. If the child distinguishes between them, the experiment continues, otherwise, everything stops. The following tables are shown to define congenital or acquired types of hyperopia or myopia.
Amsler table
Amsler chart is used to check a person's central visual field or to prevent the onset of degenerative symptoms. The test takes an average of 15 seconds. 
Carrying out includes the following stages:
- Wear glasses or lenses, if available.
- Place the Amsler mesh 25-30 cm from the eyes.
- Cover one eye with an opaque curtain.
- Focus completely on the point in the center of the grid. Inspect the common part of the lines. Pay attention to whether all the lines on the level are straight, whether all the grid squares are the same, the areas present are foggy, bent or have lost color.
- Repeat the test points for the second eye in the same way.
- It is normal to see the image the same for both eyes, without distortion, dark spots and deformation. In case of non-compliance with the norms, you need to consult a doctor, as this may be the beginning of the formation of pathology in the center of the retina (macular degeneration).
Bates table
American ophthalmologist Bates has created his own table, which improves the quality of vision. 
Principles of the Bates Method:
- Psychic tension. Vision is impaired due to a mental disorder. Along with the loss of mental control, the physical function of vision is impaired, and this is accompanied by the appearance of myopia, hyperopia, strabismus, astigmatism.
- Relaxation of the eye muscles. Complete relaxation and stress relief relieves body spasms and improves vision.
Eyes with normal vision never strain to read or see something. When the muscles of the eyes are at absolute rest, then the visual acuity is ideal. When the psyche is stressed, the functions of vision are impaired, therefore, it is necessary to constantly maintain the relaxation of the visual organs.
Bates came up with a variety of eye exercises, including basic ones that are available to everyone. Exercises must be performed strictly without glasses and lenses.
Basic exercises:
- Palming. You need to close your eyes with warm palms. Present objects in black, covering light spots. Thus, a solid black canvas should appear before the eyes. The exercise should last about 5 minutes.
- Exercise on memories. A person must remember as accurately as possible the situation associated with the manifestation of the actions of the senses. A pleasant experience relaxes the psyche and gives it rest. The training is done first with the palms of your hands to your eyes, then you should try to try with your eyes open.
- Blinking: frequent, reusable and rare. Exercise allows you to tense and relax your eye muscles to stimulate eye movement.
Ophthalmologists suggest using the Bates method for mild forms of visual impairment.
How to independently check your eyesight, the vision of a child at home
Many people do not have time to visit an optometrist, so an eye exam at home is one of the best options. The ease of diagnosis at home makes it possible to regularly monitor the condition of the eyes. If the test results are unsatisfactory, you should not postpone the visit to the doctor.
It is quite simple to check your eyesight using an ophthalmologist's vision table for checking Sivtsev. It should be placed at a distance of 5 m from the point of location during the test. It is important that the place is well lit; if necessary, you should additionally connect a fluorescent lamp.
If from 5 m you can see the first 10 lines well, your vision is normal. In case of significant deviations from the norm, it is necessary to consult an ophthalmologist.
It is important that the paper on which the table is printed does not shine and is placed against a background that is not distracting.
You can check the eyesight of a child under one year old in a non-standard way. To do this, on a white sheet or a piece of white cloth, you need to lay out balls of black bread.
Their size should be no more than 0.5 cm. From 6 months, the child should see small crumbs, even from 0.5 mm. In the event that the crumbs and balls have not attracted the attention of the baby, you should be alert and examine the child by a professional.
How to check your eyesight online on a computer
Checking vision on a computer or not is quite a controversial issue, since the quality of the results will depend not only on visual acuity, but also on the size of the monitor, pixel brightness, font and other factors. 
An online eye test usually gives only approximate results, so it is not worth drawing conclusions based only on the passed test on the Internet. In the event that there are conflicting results, it is better to consult an ophthalmologist.
Where and how to download and print the table
The Internet is replete with sites that offer free downloads of various eye check tables. In this case, next to the download link, the permission for printing must be indicated. It is better to download tables from trusted large sites. 
You need to print tables in a format not less than A3.A large amount of ink will go to print, so when deciding to print it yourself at home, you need to take care of refilling printer cartridges. You can also contact specialized stores for help, which are engaged in printing in various formats.
Where to buy a table
You can purchase a table for determining visual acuity in online stores. Often, you can also find the table in pharmacy departments.
Prices for this product are low and fluctuate around 300 rubles. For lovers of aesthetics, there are handmade tables that are sold both on Internet resources and in specialized stores. However, unlike the standard table, the price is high.
An ophthalmologist's vision chart for checking the performance of a person's eyes is the most important stage when examining in an ophthalmological office. Varieties of tables help to carry out eye examinations in adults and children and at home, which helps to save time.
Videos: about vision tests
How does an optometrist's vision chart work for check:
Eye examination by an ophthalmologist:
Visual acuity testing is a standard procedure for adults and children. This procedure is necessary to determine the vigilance of each eyeball in order to determine how well a person is able to see objects at a distance. Visual acuity is usually denoted V. It is calculated by the formula:
V \u003d d / D
- d - distance to the table from which the measurement was made (distance from which the subject saw the line);
- D - distance to the ophthalmological table, for a healthy human eye;
- V - visual acuity (if the value is 1, then it is ideal).
Existing tables to check
What tables are there for an eye exam? Most are accustomed to the fact that they use the "alphabet" for sight - the Sivtsev table, but the board has several variations. It is ideal if the ophthalmologist uses several types of them at once in the office, which allows you to get more accurate results.
In most ophthalmological offices, vision tests are carried out according to the Sivtsev table. This well-known table contains letters of the Russian language of different sizes. The lower we go down the table, the smaller they become and the denser they are. This allows you to create an additional load on the visual apparatus. In total, the table displays 12 lines, and on the sides of them there are additional parameters that help determine vigilance.
On the left side indicate the value of D, it denotes the distance at which a person with normal vision should see this line. On the right, indicate the test parameter V from a distance of 5 meters.
Good lighting is important for medical research, so light is often directed at the plate to avoid distorting the final results.
Some patients try to guess the letters by memorizing their sequence, so it is always advisable for a specialist to check the quality of vision using several tablets.
It is she who helps to check the visual acuity of preschoolers, therefore, any numeric and letter designations are absent, they are replaced by pictures (a star, a horse, a mushroom, etc.). The table is based on general principles - objects are located at an equal interval, on the lower rows the density is higher.
With the help of special designations from the left and right edges, it is possible to diagnose the state of the child's visual apparatus. V, as always, denotes the acuity of perception from 5 meters, and D - the distance from which a person with normal vigilance can see the picture (that is, when the tenth line is clearly visible).
If the child does not see any picture from 5 meters, then this length is reduced by 0.5 m each time until it becomes visible. In this case, it is better if he names all the drawings in advance so that it is clear that he understands which of them are being discussed.
Golovin's table, according to many ophthalmologists, is superior to the more common Sivtsev's table, since it uses Landolt's rings instead of letters. In different places, they depict gaps, so it is difficult for a person to remember their exact location. Optotypes, as in other plates, help to determine visual acuity from a distance of 5 m.
For young children, optotypes, like the Sivtsev plate, are not used, since they are difficult to understand.
Classic table for determining deviations
The standard vision test plate is a poster with letters printed on it. However, in many clinics, the table necessary for checking visual acuity is gradually being replaced by projectors - they provide contrast and brightness of signs and good lighting at the same time.
Despite the fact that the examination should be carried out when a person is at a strictly defined distance from the poster, in conditions of limited space this rule can be disregarded. In such a situation, the ophthalmologist will ask you to name the symbols on the 11th and 12th rows, and then correct the data. In an ordinary office, where the rule of 5 meters can be observed, the letters on the above rows are shown only at a vigilance of 150-200%.
How is the check done
When examining eyesight, an optometrist should assess the condition of the eye apparatus, since in the future this will serve as an aid in the selection of glasses or lenses for correction. Here are the standard requirements for this study:
- the person should be at a distance of 5 m from the poster;
- you need to recognize each value within 2-3 seconds, trying not to strain your eyes;
- in the office, the plate must be highlighted with lamps;
- the eye check is carried out alternately - first completely for one, then for the other;
- letters should be clearly visible, not faded;
- the eye that sees the worst is always checked first.
Why check
Some people don't take an ophthalmologist's checkup as seriously as they should. Like, I see the lines above, which means it's in order. If vision has deteriorated and has not been corrected, pain in the head and eyes may appear, and intraocular pressure will increase. Under these conditions, vigilance can fall even more.
How often to check visual acuity
A lot depends on how often we check our eyesight and with which doctor we do it. If you constantly visit a good specialist, you will always be able to prevent many serious eye diseases. There is no strictly exact period when you need to visit an ophthalmologist, since a lot affects our eyes, from the daily load experienced daily and ending with what diseases a person has.
Given these features, when to appear in the doctor's office, you need to decide on your own:
- People with diabetes mellitus and other diseases that adversely affect eye health (high blood pressure, heart problems, cerebral circulation) should visit an ophthalmologist every 4-5 months.
- If your eyes are regularly overloaded, you are forced to work, looking at the monitor screen for a long time, or in poor lighting conditions, it is required to be checked every 6-8 months.
- In childhood, when the eye grows and forms, it is necessary to come to the optometrist every 5-7 months.
- In old age, it is better to check vigilance every six months.
People who do not suffer from serious illnesses can be verified once a year, for example, during a routine medical examination. The older a person gets, the more this period shortens, since with age the risk of myopia or hyperopia is higher.
How to work with a video checklist
How to properly carry out an eye examination, you can see in the video below.
Output
It doesn't matter which table you test your eyes against. You can even print an A4 sheet and try to check it yourself, but this method is still not a full-fledged diagnosis by a specialist. It is better to visit an ophthalmologist annually for a preventive check-up. Even if you lead an ideal healthy lifestyle, timely medical examination will preserve your visual acuity for many years.
Each of us has come across ophthalmological tables at an appointment with an ophthalmologist. This method for diagnosing visual acuity is the most commonly used and indicative. There are types of tables with which we check the vision of children and adults. Next, the characteristics of each table will be described.
Why check
Visual acuity is the distance at which you can see two objects that are located at a minimum distance from each other. Based on this, tables were created for.
Methods for determining visual acuity can be found in this.
You need to check your vision for the timely diagnosis of problems or for periodic monitoring of changes in vision.
Those who constantly work at computers without interruptions most often complain of reduced visual acuity. They just need to visit a doctor, and from time to time to rest and do exercises for the eyes.
Age-related changes in vision can also make themselves felt. or, identified at an early stage, can still be carried out. Regular check-ups will keep older people from going blind.
Visual impairment can also be caused by diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and so on. Therefore, people with such problems are also advised to regularly visit a doctor and have their vision checked.
To test your eyesight at home, you can, which can be found on the websites. But there are several drawbacks here: the dimensions of the signs are not respected, the image contrast differs from the real one, the distance to the table cannot always be observed. Based on the results of eye examination using tables, the ophthalmologist will select the therapy necessary in each specific case.
Existing tables to check
Sivtsev table
This table can be found in most oculist offices.It consists of 12 lines, each of which contains specific letters. The lower the letters are, the smaller their size.
The letter "D" located on the left of the table means a certain distance at which the letters can be distinguished by a person with normal vision. The distance for the bottom row is 2.5 meters and for the top row is 5 meters. The letter "V" defines visual acuity at a distance of 5 meters.
Normal vision is 1.0. With this vision, a person should see line 10 at a distance of 5 meters.
Correct illumination of the table is necessary to determine visual acuity. To do this, it must be illuminated using one conventional incandescent lamp or two fluorescent lamps. Light is directed to the table.
Information about presbyopia can be found by clicking on this.
Snellen table
This table was developed in 1862 by Hermann Snellen, an ophthalmologist from Holland.
The numerator is the distance to the table (in feet), the denominator is the distance at which all optotypes can be read to people with normal vision.
Orlova's table
The principle of its use is similar to the previous two tables.
This table is used to determine vision in preschoolers who have not yet learned to read.
When diagnosing vision in a child, you need to take into account some of the nuances:
- The ophthalmologist should take the baby to the table and ask him to name the pictures. It is necessary for the child to understand what is required of him, and the ophthalmologist to determine the child's knowledge of images.
- It is best to start checking your eyesight from the top line, and ask to name only one picture, so as not to tire the child.
- In the event that the kid cannot name the picture, then you need to ask him to name other pictures in this line.
Probably every person, be it a pupil, student or office worker, had to deal with eye fatigue. An unpleasant burning sensation, a feeling of dryness, redness, tearing - all this is a consequence of reading or other activities that are exhausting for our organs of vision. In order to reduce eye strain, you should properly equip your workplace, paying special attention to the degree and brightness of lighting. In addition, it is recommended to follow some rules, for example, not to read while lying down and not to sit too close to the TV / laptop screen. A daily workout will also help maintain. This will not only relieve fatigue and be distracted for a short time, but also prevent the gradual deterioration of vision. It is recommended to warm up for the eyes both during breaks between work or reading, and in any free time. It will take no more than 10-15 minutes. But this time will be invaluable for the health of your eyes. So let's get down to warm-up!
Each of us at least once in our life underwent a visual acuity test using tables from an ophthalmologist or online. Despite the emergence of modern examination technologies, such a simple diagnostic tool is still popular among ophthalmologists. In accordance with medical terminology, visual acuity refers to the ability of the eye to distinguish well between two points that are minimally distant from each other. The result is good if a person sees them with an angular resolution of one minute. Such vision is considered 100%, or it is said that V \u003d 1.0. What is used to check exactly how well a person sees?
What tables are there
It is the most well-known eye diagnostic tool. This table, which is used by most ophthalmologists to check their vision, consists of 12 lines with letters of the alphabet. The size of characters in each line is reduced from top to bottom. On the left side, the letter "D" marks the distance from which a person with normal vision must distinguish between the existing signs. It is 2.5 meters for the bottom row and 5 for the top. In order to accurately check your vision according to the table, you need to know what symbols are used in it. On the right, the letter "V" denotes a value in conventional units, showing the acuity when reading characters from a distance of 5 meters (2.0 - if the bottom row is distinguishable; 0.1 - if a person sees only the top row). Vision is considered normal (1.0) if a person sees the tenth line with each eye at D \u003d 5.0.
This is the progenitor of the Sivtsev vision diagnostic tool used in English-speaking countries. The table consists of 11 lines. There is one large capital letter at the top. The size of the rest is reduced line by line from top to bottom. The check is carried out at a distance of 6 meters. Visual acuity in English-speaking countries is usually designated as a simple Snellen fraction. In this case, the numerator indicates the number of feet to the table, and the denominator indicates the distance from which a person with normal visual acuity can read characters.
Table Orlova.This instrument for the diagnosis of visual acuity is similar in principle to the previous ones. But it is used to test the eyesight of children who cannot read. That is why, instead of letters, a similar table of an ophthalmologist for an eye test contains various images. The size of lines with pictures is reduced from top to bottom. The acuity is determined in the same way as in the Sivtsev vision test instrument. It is considered normal when a child sees the tenth line from a distance of 5 meters with each eye. If he does not recognize the symbols of the upper row from the indicated distance, then they begin to bring him closer to the table and ask every 0.5 meters if he sees the signs. They continue to check this way until the child names the pictures of the top row correctly.
Table Golovin. This eye diagnostic tool consists of a standard set of optotypes. Such tables of visual acuity contain combinations of rings with breaks of equal height and width. It is considered normal when a person is able to distinguish between two distant points with an angular resolution of one minute. Golovin's standard vision test chart contains optotypes for determining acuity from a distance of 5 meters. In this case, the first 10 lines differ in increments of 0.1, the next two rows - in 0.5 and additional three rows - in 1.0. The field also has two columns. On the left side, the letter D marks the distance at which the eye with 100% vision distinguishes the indicated symbol. The letter V, located on the right, denotes the actual acuity if a person reads this row from a distance of 5 meters. A similar table can be presented both separately and in combination with the Sivtsev visual acuity test tool.
On the Internet, you can take an online visual acuity test, but you need to remember that whichever table you choose, this will not replace the classic diagnosis.
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