One of the main nightmares of our childhood - mustard plasters! How we resisted my mother's desire to cure us in such a barbaric way! Now, having become parents ourselves, we understand the importance and necessity of such a procedure. But the careless use of this old remedy can end very badly. You need to know and fully follow the correct algorithm in order to really help cope with the disease.

Mustard plasters - remedy number 1 for colds

Why are they needed and how do mustard plasters work?

The main purpose of mustard plasters is to force the body to heal itself. The action is based on the rush of blood to the problem areas, as a result of which pain symptoms are relieved and inflammatory processes fade away. The work algorithm is based on the physiology of the human body:

• blood vessels expand under the action of an external stimulus;
• blood circulation increases;
• in parallel, the excitability of the sympathetic part of the nervous system increases, which gives an influx of adrenaline into the blood;
• adrenaline enhances the phagocytic response - the main factor of immunity in the fight against infections and inflammation.

Using mustard plasters, we force our body to respond faster to illness, boost immunity and speed up recovery, using only internal forces. Therefore, it is extremely important to carry out the procedure correctly, taking into account the indications and only in the absence of other strong loads (high temperature, especially in babies; external and internal bleeding, etc.).

Indications for setting mustard plasters:

• respiratory diseases;
• headache;
• heart pain (distraction in the chest area);
• high blood pressure;
• muscle pain.

Indications for the use of the drug are cough, headache, sprain, bruises. It is important to remember that mustard plasters should be used strictly as intended. Attempts to fight cellulite with their help (there are some bad advice!) can end tragically not only for cellulite, but also for health.

In our country, the drug is produced in two forms:

• a thick sheet of paper (8 x 12.5 cm) coated with a mixture of mustard cake and seeds;
• 3 g paper bags, in which the mustard mixture is divided by gluing seams into 4 sections.

Mustard plasters are available in the form of sheets and sachets

Before use, be sure to check the expiration date of the drug. Expired mustard plasters change their color, the mustard mixture can dry out and crumble.

Contraindications for use

The first thing that should be of interest in any medicinal product - contraindications. This rule also works for mustard plasters. So, contraindications for staging:

1. Age. Children can only have the procedure from the age of six!
2. Heat. For adults - above 38 ° С, for babies - above 37 ° С. In the acute phase of the disease, the use of warming procedures is contraindicated, you should wait for the patient's condition to improve and the temperature to decrease.
3. Any bleeding. External wounds or internal bleeding weakens the body, setting mustard plasters in such a situation can be harmful.
4. Some diseases: malignant tumors, active tuberculosis, asthma, blood diseases.
5. Problems or damage to the skin (neurodermatitis, psoriasis, eczema), moles or birthmarks at the intended location.
6. Hypersensitivity of the skin or allergy to mustard.
7. During pregnancy, mustard plasters can be used only with the permission of a doctor!

High temperature is a contraindication to the use of mustard plasters.

It is dangerous not to pay attention to any of the listed contraindications. Instead of the expected relief, it could cause serious harm to the patient. In addition, you cannot put mustard plasters on the mammary glands or face. For children, the session is best done in the evening, so that before bedtime there is time to cough up the mucus that comes out.

Sequencing

The algorithm of actions is quite simple. Before getting started, make sure you have:

• fresh mustard plasters in the right amount;
• warm water up to 40 ° C (water temperature above 45 ° C destroys mustard essential oils - the main irritants, nullifying the entire therapeutic effect);
• a towel, gauze napkins, a thin diaper for babies and heated vegetable oil (to prevent burns).

To begin with, the patient must be conveniently arranged in such a way that the part of the body on which, in accordance with the indications, the setting will be carried out, is open. Then we act strictly adhering to the algorithm.

Technique for setting mustard plasters:

1. After completion, the area should be wiped off the mustard residue (in children, remove the remaining oil). This is done with a clean cloth dipped in warm water, with careful movements, trying not to press hard on the place of setting (in order to avoid discomfort).
2. In the normal state of the patient, the duration of the session is up to 15 minutes. But after 5-10 minutes. there will be an effect, so you should not mock the patient much and force him to withstand all 15 minutes.
3. This point is very important! Withstand the time (3-5 minutes) and check the patient. If there is a strong burning sensation, you need to check the site for redness. In case of hyperemia (overflow of blood vessels, expressed in redness of the skin area), immediately stop the session. You need to listen especially carefully to the children. They are not always able to explain what worries them; the places of setting should be checked regularly (perhaps even earlier than 3 minutes if the child is restless).
4. Cover the place of setting with clean paper or film, wrap it on top with a towel. This is necessary in order for the mustard mixture to warm up to 39-45 ° C, it is at this temperature that the release of essential oil begins.
5. Attach the prepared sheet with the coated side to the body in a predetermined place (see diagram of indications and location of mustard plasters).
6. Dip the mustard plaster in a container of water for 1-3 seconds. If the preparation is in the form of a paper bag, it must be shaken before immersion in water so that the powder is evenly distributed over the cells.
7. Carefully examine the patient for damage, scratches, wounds or moles at the site of the intended setting. For small children, it will be useful to lubricate the setting with heated vegetable oil to prevent burns.
8. Gently wipe the place of setting, help the person to lie down comfortably and leave him to rest for 30-40 minutes. The thermal procedure is a big load on the body, so it takes time to recuperate (at least 20 minutes, but 40 is better).

If the exposure time is not calculated, redness or burns may occur. They should be gently washed and smeared with emollient cream. In order to reduce the risk of burns, people with sensitive skin and children can use a cheesecloth folded in half and moistened with warm water.

"You need to know the places"

Knowledge of the staging algorithm is not the only rule for a quick recovery. It is important to know where mustard plasters are placed. The scope and quantity depend on the disease:

1. For various diseases of the respiratory system (bronchitis, pleurisy, colds, pneumonia), you will need 5-8 pcs. They are placed on their backs, avoiding the heart area.
2. At the very beginning of a cold (if there is no high temperature), you can put it on the soles of your feet.
3. Migraines (with hypertension) will ease the warmth in the back of your head.
4. With neuralgia, myositis, sprains - directly on the painful area.
5. With angina pectoris, the warming procedure serves as a distracting function. In this case, mustard plasters are put on chest in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart.

For various diseases, mustard plasters need to be placed in certain places.

Along with mustard plasters, cans are often used for coughs or colds. Whether there is any sense for adults in this action is a moot point. In addition, the canning algorithm is not so simple. For children, such treatment is definitely not worth using. The well-known children's doctor Komarovsky claims that modern medicine is categorically against the use of cans for children, especially toddlers of preschool or early school age. Such a barbaric operation grossly disrupts blood circulation in the skin and subcutaneous layer, can provoke irreversible damage to blood vessels or cause bleeding. In addition, banks in no case should be used by children or adults with any skin damage, with elevated temperature, when taking drugs that reduce blood clotting (banal aspirin). Instead, it is better to use warming compresses or wraps.

The human body has a huge margin of safety and is quite capable of coping with colds on its own. Mustard plasters, compresses or wraps, delivered in accordance with the indications, will only boost the immune system and speed up recovery a little.

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PURPOSE: reflex dilation of blood vessels; resorption of inflammatory processes; reducing pain.

INDICATIONS: inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, pharyngitis), bronchitis; pain in the region of the heart; pleurisy, treatment and prevention of pulmonary complications; pneumonia; myositis; hypertonic disease.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: skin diseases; fever; pulmonary bleeding; a sharp decrease or absence of skin sensitivity; malignant neoplasms.

INSTALLATION PLACES: all parts of the body.

MUSTARD PLANTS DO NOT PUT: on the area of \u200b\u200bthe nipples and mammary glands; on the spine; on birthmarks.

COMPLICATION: skin burn; an allergic reaction to essential mustard oil; skin pigmentation when using the same areas of the body for setting mustard plasters.

EQUIPMENT: mustard plasters; tray with water 40-45оС; waste tray; water thermometer; towel; gauze napkins; petrolatum; clock;

NECESSARY CONDITION: when setting mustard plasters for patients with mental disorders, constant monitoring by the junior medical staff is necessary.

1. Explain the purpose and course of the manipulation, make sure of understanding, obtain informed consent

2. Check the suitability of the mustard plasters. Wash and dry hands.

3. Free the required area of \u200b\u200bthe patient's body from clothing. Examine the skin for damage, abscesses, rash.

4. Help the patient to take a comfortable position (lying on his stomach or on his back).

5. Pour warm water at a temperature of 40-45 ° C into the tray. Alternately moisten mustard plasters in warm water for 5-10 seconds, shake off and apply mustard down on the desired area of \u200b\u200bthe skin; cover with a towel on top, cover with a blanket. Ask him to lie down quietly 10 -15

6. Clarify the patient's sensations and the degree of hyperemia in 3-5 minutes. If persistent hyperemia appears (after 10-15 minutes) or unbearable burning sensation, remove the mustard plasters, throw them into the waste material tray.

7. Examine the skin. The skin should be hyperemic. Wipe the patient's skin with a damp, warm gauze cloth, then wipe dry. Lubricate the skin with petroleum jelly.

8. Help the patient to put on the underwear and put it in a comfortable position. Cover, recommend bed rest for 30-60 minutes and do not take a bath (shower) that day.

9. Document the execution of the manipulation. FEATURES OF THE CARRYING OUT:

For infants: Place mustard plasters with tiles between the first and second layers of the diaper, mustard side up. Arrange the mustard plasters so that they leave the spine and heart area free. Wrap a diaper with mustard plasters around the baby's chest. For children, the manipulation time is 3-5 minutes.

In addition to mustard plasters, mustard baths are also used (at the rate of 50 g of mustard powder per 10 liters of water), which can be both general and local. After the bath, the patient is washed with clean warm water, then wrapped with a sheet and a blanket.

Using a heating pad

PURPOSE: reflex relaxation of smooth muscles; increased blood circulation in internal organs; analgesic and absorbing effect.

INDICATIONS: local warming of body parts; resorption of inflammatory infiltrates; analgesic effect; neurological diseases (radiculitis); 1st period of fever; duodenal intubation.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: acute inflammatory processes of the abdominal cavity; damage to the skin; bleeding; malignant neoplasms; the first day after injury; infected wound; high fever; unconsciousness of the patient.

INSTALLATION PLACES: abdomen area; infiltration area; lumbar region; area of \u200b\u200bthe calf muscles; liver area.

COMPLICATIONS: skin burn; overheating.

EQUIPMENT: rubber heating pad 1.5-2 l; water t \u003d 60-70 С; water thermometer; towel or diaper; gloves;

1. Explain the purpose and course of the upcoming manipulation, obtain informed consent.

2. Carry out hygienic treatment of hands, check the integrity of the heating pad, fill it with hot (60 ° C) water by 2/3 of its volume.

3. Let the air out, screw the stopper, wipe the heating pad dry. Turn the heating pad upside down, check the tightness. Wrap in a towel.

6. Apply the heating pad to the desired area of \u200b\u200bthe body until it cools.

Note: for prolonged use as directed by a doctor, take a 10-15 minute break, changing the water.

7. Remove the heating pad, open it and pour out the water.

8. Examine the patient's skin, help to lie down in a comfortable position, cover.

9. Put on gloves. Treat the heating pad with a cloth soaked in a disinfectant solution twice with an interval of 15 minutes.

10. Rinse the heating pad with water, dry it and store it in a specially designated place.

11. Remove used gloves, disinfect, wash and dry hands.

7. Document the execution of the manipulation. PERFORMANCE FEATURES:

In seriously ill children, due to a decrease in skin sensitivity, burns can easily occur, therefore, instead of a rubber heating pad, children can use an electric heating pad, but under the constant supervision of a nurse.

Newborns are especially sensitive to heating pads. Therefore, they are wrapped in a blanket and covered with heating pads so that there is no pressure on the child. One is placed at the feet of the newborn, the other two are placed along the body on each side at a distance of the palm. The nurse is obliged to monitor the temperature of the child so that there is no overheating. Heating pads are changed in turn.

The water temperature for the heating pad should be 40-60 0 С.

HOT COMPRESS DELIVERY

PURPOSE: strengthening of local blood circulation; absorbing action; analgesic effect.

INDICATIONS: long-term non-absorbable inflammatory infiltrates; old hematomas; radiculitis.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: malignant neoplasms;

high fever; pustular and allergic skin rashes; violation of the integrity of the skin.

EQUIPMENT: hot water tank; large napkin;

oilcloth; cotton wool; bandage; scissors;

1. Explain the course of the upcoming manipulation. Get informed consent

1. Fold the napkin in 8 layers, moisten it in water (60-70 ° C), squeeze and apply the napkin tightly to the skin - the active layer.

2. Apply oilcloth on top of the damp cloth (1-2 cm more than the cloth around the perimeter) - an insulating layer.

3. Place a layer of cotton wool over the oilcloth (1-2 cm more oilcloth around the perimeter) - a warming layer.

4. Fix the compress with a bandage, observing the rules of desmurgy or with a warm woolen cloth - fixing layer.

5. Wash and dry your hands. After 10-15 minutes, change the compress (the duration of applying the compress is determined by the doctor).

6. Wipe dry damp skin. Wrap the patient warmly.

7. Wash and dry your hands.

8. Document the execution of the manipulation.

INSTALLATION OF THE HEATING COMPRESS

PURPOSE: long-term and uniform vasodilation;

improvement of blood circulation in tissues; reduction of tissue swelling; analgesic and absorbing effect.

INDICATIONS: local inflammatory processes of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, infiltrates after injections; local inflammatory processes in the joints, inflammation in the middle ear; bruises, injuries (in a day); hematomas.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: severe fever; allergic and pustular skin rashes; violation of the integrity of the skin; malignant neoplasms.

EQUIPMENT: gauze napkin folded in 8 layers; ethyl alcohol solution 45%; oilcloth or compress paper; cotton wool; bandage; scissors; tray;

COMPLICATIONS: chills after applying the compress; severe burning sensation in the area of \u200b\u200bapplication of the compress; skin irritation.

1. Explain the purpose and course of manipulation, obtain informed consent.

2. Examine the patient's skin at the place of setting the compress, make sure that there are no contraindications

3. Fold the gauze in 8 layers. The size of the gauze pad should be 2 cm larger than the lesion. Moisten it in alcohol, squeeze well - the active layer.

4. Cover the gauze with a piece of compress paper (oilcloth), which is 1.5-2 cm wider in area than the gauze napkin - an insulating layer.

5. Put a layer of cotton wool (1.5-2 cm larger than the previous layer) - a warming layer. The thickness of the wool layer is at least 2 cm.

6. Fix the compress with a bandage so that it fits snugly to the body, but does not restrict movement - fixing layer. Fix the time:

If the gauze was moistened in alcohol, then the compress is left for 4-6 hours, and then changed if necessary;

If the gauze was moistened in water, then the compress is left for 8-10 hours (overnight). The alcohol evaporates, so the alcohol compresses dry out faster.

7. After 1.5-2 hours from the moment the compress was placed, it is necessary to check its effectiveness:

put your finger under the bandage, without violating the integrity of the compress, and feel the gauze napkin. Note:

If the compress is applied correctly, the gauze pad will be moist and warm;

If the napkin is dry, further procedure is not advisable.

8. Remove the compress after the allotted time, wipe the skin with warm water, dry with a napkin; warmly wrap the place of setting the compress.

9. Wash and dry your hands.

3. Document the execution of the manipulation. Monitor the patient's condition.

PERFORMANCE FEATURES:

Do not apply a compress to iodine-smeared skin. this can result in deep burns.

When a warming compress is applied to the ear, an incision is made in the inner and middle layer and the auricle is inserted into it. A layer of cotton wool covers the entire ear, incl. auricle. The time for applying the compress to the child's ear is 2-4 hours.

- sheets of paper coated on one side with a thin layer of mustard seed powder. Mustard plasters act on the patient's skin by irritating it and expanding the skin blood vessels with essential mustard oil. A suitable mustard plaster differs from an unsuitable one in that it gives a pungent smell of mustard oil and does not crumble. They can be placed on all parts of the body, except for the palms and soles, since they are reflexogenic zones. Cannot be placed on skin lesions.

Indications:

• pain in acute inflammatory processes respiratory organs (pneumonia, bronchitis, pleurisy)
• pain with muscle diseases
• pain in zb CNS
• pain with neuralgia, osteochondrosis
• with pain in the heart

Contraindications:

• bleeding
• skin diseases
• tumors of various etiologies
• allergic reactions
• violation of the integrity of the skin
• hyperemia

Places of staging mustard plasters:

• on the chest area
• upper shoulder girdle
• heart area
• on your feet

Algorithm for setting mustard plasters

1. Preparation for the procedure:

1.	Introduce yourself to the patient, explain the course and purpose of the procedure, obtain the patient's consent.
2.	Clarify the absence of allergy to mustard. In case of allergies, consult a doctor.
3.
4.	Check the suitability of mustard plasters: mustard must not peel off the paper and have a specific (sharp) smell. When using mustard plasters made using other technologies (for example, packaged mustard), check the expiration date.
5.	Pour warm (40-45 °) water into the tray.
6.	Help the patient to lie on his stomach (when setting mustard plasters on his back) and take a comfortable position, the patient's head should be turned to one side. Expose the place of setting mustard plasters.
7.	Choose a place for setting mustard plasters.
8.	Examine the skin for damage, abscesses, rash.

1. Procedure execution:

1. End of procedure:

15.	If persistent hyperemia or unbearable burning sensation appears (after 10-15 minutes), remove the mustard plasters and put them in a tray for used materials.
16.	Moisten a napkin in warm water and remove any mustard residue from the skin. If necessary, performed by junior medical staff
17.	Pat the patient's skin dry with a diaper. Help him put on his underwear, cover him with a blanket and warn him to stay in bed for at least 20-30 minutes and not take a bath or shower that day.
18.	Treat hands hygienically.
19.	Make an appropriate record of the procedure performed in the medical records.

Additional information about the peculiarities of the technique:

For infants, spread a blanket, diaper, diaper, on top of another diaper folded in several layers. Unwrap (undress) the baby and put on prepared diapers. Place the mustard plasters "tiled" between the first and second layers of the diaper, mustard side down. Place the mustard plasters so that they leave the spine and heart area free, wrap the diaper with mustard plasters around the chest.

It is necessary to monitor the time of the procedure, since with a longer exposure to mustard plasters, skin burns are possible.

Places of setting mustard plasters depend on the indications:

- for diseases of the respiratory system - on the back and lateral surfaces of the chest;

- with angina pectoris - on the heart area;

- in case of hypertensive crisis - on the back of the head and calf muscles.

With increased skin sensitivity, mustard plasters are applied through paper or fabric, while only the thermal effect remains.

Avoid putting mustard plasters on the nipples, mammary glands, spine, birthmarks.

When setting mustard plasters for patients with mental disorders, constant supervision by junior medical personnel is required.

Achieved results and their assessment.

Places of setting mustard plasters.

Methods the simplest physiotherapy... Concepts, types and goals of the simplest physiotherapy. Aims and methods of oxygen therapy. Hirudotherapy concept.

Physiotherapy (gr. Physis - nature and therapeia - treatment) is called a targeted effect on the human body for therapeutic purposes by various natural factors: water, heat, cold and light, electricity. electromagnetic field, ultrasound, etc.

It is known that when the skin is irritated, certain changes occur in organs and tissues - changes in vascular tone, secretory and motor activity, cell metabolism. Often there are general reactions, expressed in improved appetite, sleep, mood. Such effects on the skin in order to change the functional state of organs and systems of the body are called segmental reflex therapy.

The use of mustard plasters, ice, heating water bottles, compresses refers to minor or home physiotherapy. The effect of physiotherapeutic procedures is due to their reflex effect on skin receptors.

Mustard plasters

The use of mustard powder is based on the fact that the essential oil released upon contact with water, causing irritation of the skin receptors and its hyperemia, leads to a reflex expansion of the blood vessels of the internal organs. Due to this, an analgesic effect is achieved, and the resorption of some inflammatory processes is accelerated.

The second component of mustard is phytoncides. Under the influence of water, they are released from the enzyme myrosin. Essential oil and phytoncides are the healing properties of mustard.

It is necessary to warn the patient that hyperemia and soreness of the skin where there were mustard plasters can last for several hours or even days. After frequent use of mustard plasters, skin pigmentation sometimes appears.

The indications for the use of mustard plasters are determined by the doctor. Often they are used without consulting a doctor, so you need to know about contraindications for a seemingly harmless procedure.

Mustard plasters are of two types:

1. Thick sheets of paper measuring 8x12.5 cm, covered with a thin layer of mustard mixture, consisting of cake from mustard seeds.

2. In paper bags, 3 g of mustard mixture, divided by seams into 4 cells.

Places for setting mustard plasters.

1. Bronchitis, pneumonia in the stage of resorption - on the chest front and back.

2. In hypertensive crisis - on the collar area and calf muscles.

3. In case of pain in the heart - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart.

4. For headaches and acute rhinitis - on the back of the head.

TO AVOID:

1. The area of \u200b\u200bthe nipples.

2. The mammary glands.

3. Spine and birthmarks.

Remember!

Indications:

Ø pharyngitis;

Ø bronchitis;

Ø pneumonia;

Ø headaches;

Ø hypertension;

Ø myositis;

Ø osteochondrosis;

Ø neuralgia;

Ø pain in the region of the heart.

Contraindications:

Ø skin diseases;

Ø high sensitivity of the skin to mustard;

Ø pulmonary bleeding;

Ø high body temperature;

Ø malignant neoplasms;

Ø pulmonary tuberculosis;

Ø reduction of skin sensitivity or its absence;

Ø hypersensitivity to the smell of mustard.

Possible complications:

Ø Prolonged exposure to skin may cause blistering burns

Equipment:mustard plasters, a tray of water, (t 40-45 ° C, with more high temperature essential mustard oil is destroyed), towel, blanket, napkin, waste tray, watch.

Algorithm for performing manipulation:

1. Establish a trusting relationship with the patient, explain the purpose and course of the procedure, obtain the patient's consent to its implementation.
2. Wash and dry hands.
3. Prepare everything you need.
4. Check the suitability of the mustard plasters (shelf life, mustard must not peel off the paper and must retain a specific mustard smell).
5. Place the patient in a comfortable position, examine the patient's skin at the place where the mustard plasters are placed.
6. Immerse the mustard plasters alternately for 5-10 seconds in water, apply them to the skin with the side covered with mustard powder.
7. Cover the patient with a towel and blanket.
8. Note the time of setting mustard plasters from the moment of the appearance of a slight burning sensation and heat.
9. Remove the mustard plasters after 10-15 minutes (the skin should be hyperemic), place them in a tray for used material.
10. Wipe the skin with a napkin moistened with warm water, wipe it off with a towel, cover the patient with a blanket, leaving in bed for at least 30 minutes.
11. Wash and dry hands.

Attention:

With increased sensitivity of the skin, when the patient quickly feels a burning sensation, it is necessary to put a piece of papyrus paper under the mustard plaster. You can not put a yellow card on the newspaper because the effect of mustard oil on the skin is lost. If the mustard plaster is set correctly, there is redness of the skin and a burning sensation.

Complications:

burns of the skin.