Everyone knows how ARVI stands. But what does this acronym mean? It brings together a group of similar diseases. Most often they are transmitted by airborne droplets. Viruses are the causative agents of ARVI in 90%. They are transmitted from a sick person, at the very beginning of the disease. Strong immunity saves from viruses. But if he is weakened by stress, malnutrition, hypothermia, the virus gets inside, the person gets sick.
The abbreviation ARVI unites a group of similar diseases
About intoxication
The mechanism of development of intoxication
Why reasoning about viral infection, about ARVI, doctors constantly talk about intoxication? Intoxication is a violation of the vital activity of the human body, which is caused by toxic substances that have penetrated into it. When it comes to viral infection, toxins cause poisoning. They are formed when the body's defenses attack viruses and they die.
Our body works like a clock. As soon as foreign viruses enter the body, leukocytes begin their struggle, absorbing and destroying them. After that, the kidneys and liver excrete the waste products of these microorganisms. The blood is purified and the person feels great. But if there are too many viruses, or if viral infections are complicated by bacterial ones, the body's defenses cannot cope. The waste products of viruses lead to intoxication.
Intoxication symptoms
If a person has suffered from a weak viral infection, that is, we are talking about intoxication with colds, the symptoms are not serious:
- not strong headache;
- chills;
- the temperature rises slightly.
Intoxication with ARVI, symptoms: heat, muscle pain, aches, lack of appetite
Intoxication with ARVI is more serious, as are the symptoms:
- heat;
- muscle pain, aches;
- lack of appetite;
- if the situation is serious, then vomiting and diarrhea appear;
- headache;
- weakness, the person sweats;
Treatment
If there are signs of infection with a viral infection, there is an increase in temperature and other symptoms of SARS, you need to help the body get rid of toxins. This is the main treatment for this diagnosis. How to do it?
- Drink more. It can be plain water, tea with lemon, and cranberry juice, and still mineral water. In order for the toxins formed from a viral infection to be removed from the body faster, you need to drink warm drinks.
- Healthy food. The best treatment is a healthy, light meal. During ARVI, all the forces of the body are aimed at combating viral infection. You will make it easier for your body if you exclude foods that are difficult to digest and absorb from the menu. It is advisable to eat fermented milk products.
- Bed rest. If a person rests, it is good for the body, because he devotes all his strength to the fight against viruses. When the temperature rises, there is often no strength to walk or do something.
You cannot go to work, because SARS can cause serious complications
This simple treatment will help you get back on your feet quickly. You can take and antiviral drugs, but it is better to do this on the advice of a doctor. Symptoms of a viral infection may not be as severe, but you cannot go to work because SARS can cause serious complications. Therefore, as soon as signs of the disease appear, you need to call a doctor and get sick leave.
For many, the treatment of any disease, including the common cold, is a mandatory use of antibiotics. But they are not effective against viruses and can be harmful by causing dysbiosis. This is additional stress for the body, which is already working to the limit of its capabilities.
Intoxication in children
About the disease
Children often get sick with ARVI. In the period from 2 to 5 years, when the kids go to kindergarten, an endless series of diseases begins. In the first year, in the nursery, the child has a viral infection 10-15 times. Then this number decreases to 5-7 times, and in the third year, children develop the disease no more than 3-5 times a year. The transferred ARVI helps to develop immunity in the child.
Children are more susceptible to acute respiratory diseases than adults
A feature of the pathogenesis of acute respiratory viral infections in children is that toxic-allergic reactions develop at a tremendous speed. Toxins affect all organs of the child, but it is especially dangerous when the heart and brain are affected. In children, ARVI is difficult. Signs of the disease appear immediately: already in the first hours, an increase in temperature is observed, it becomes as high as possible. Symptoms of intoxication are also more pronounced:
- lethargy;
- loss of appetite;
- headache, decreased activity and vomiting - in older children.
Treatment
If we talk about treating a child, then antiviral drugs will help get rid of a viral infection. They must be given in the very first days of the illness, this is a mandatory item in the treatment of ARVI in children. You can get information on medications on the Internet, but self-medication is excluded, only a doctor should select a drug for a child, even if it is a mild viral infection.
As in adults, babies need to remove the intoxication of the body. If the temperature rises, give antipyretics. It is necessary to give the child warm water, fruit drinks, tea. It is advisable not to break bed rest. Parents should be aware that children with ARVI cannot be force-fed. If the child has no appetite, let him not eat. You should not offer him junk food (soda, chips), it is better to buy fresh fruit. Dairy products, cereals, lean fish, white meat or egg white - all of these should be on the menu.
ARVI is an abbreviation familiar to adults and children of all ages. We all know firsthand muscle aches throughout the body, chills, accompanied by a stuffy nose and cough. It is these signs that indicate the onset of an acute respiratory viral infection.
IMPORTANT! This ailment, despite its prevalence, is very dangerous. And it's not only about the malfunctioning of the respiratory tract, but about the development of severe poisoning of the body against the background of the fact that the immune system is not able to overcome viral cells and withstand such a load.
All signs of intoxication with ARVI are individual in nature, however, the course of the underlying disease is aggravated in everyone.
Today we will discuss how to recognize in an adult and a child and talk about how to help them in this situation.
The reasons for the development of intoxication with ARVI
Most of the diseases of viral origin are not easy for the body, and everyone knows about it. Headache accompanied by body aches are only "flowers" similar ailments... If there is a body and it is experiencing colossal loads, then all systems come to the rescue and are involved in the process of dealing with an alien agent.
Intoxication is the process of poisoning the body with poisons that have entered it or produced directly by the body itself (endogenous poisoning).
As for a viral infection, the body is affected by the decay products of the virus itself.
Most often, such intoxication begins to manifest itself in parallel with the underlying disease and is delayed for a long time.
Such a disease as ARVI is familiar to everyone - both adults and children. Fever, muscle aches, chills, and cough and runny nose. All these symptoms indicate an acute viral infection. Viral infections are dangerous not only with complications from the upper respiratory tract that appear after the transfer of the disease. During the height of the disease itself or after it, the body often cannot withstand the load. Sometimes, with damage to vital organs, intoxication develops.
Symptoms of intoxication are manifested in everyone in different ways, but the course of the viral infection worsens significantly. What are the signs of intoxication with ARVI in adults and children? How can you help your body reduce the harmful effects of illness during illness? Let's discuss this.
Causes of intoxication with ARVI
Everyone knows firsthand how hard the body tolerates many viral infectious diseases... Fever, weakness, headaches and muscle aches are not all the delights of anyone acute illness... In addition to a local reaction in organs experiencing the greatest stress if there is an infection, all body systems are involved in the process.
The term intoxication refers to the poisoning of the body with toxic substances that are produced in the human body (endogenous intoxication) or come from outside. In the case of an acute viral infection, the body is affected by substances that are formed when the virus breaks down. Intoxication with ARVI is protracted and, as a rule, manifests itself during the course of the disease itself.
Why does the body become poisoned with viral infections? Several mechanisms lead to such unpleasant consequences.
- The virus itself damages the epithelium of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.
- A self-harm mechanism is triggered when mucosal cells release inflammatory mediators (damaging particles). They reduce the body's defenses and increase vascular permeability.
- At this time, viruses "poison" the human body with decay products. These are not toxins by nature, that is, the virus does not produce specific protein molecules that damage the internal organs of a sick person. But in a place where the protection of blood vessels is weakened, and they become permeable to foreign substances, damage to organs and systems occurs faster.
All this leads to poisoning of the body, a person feels unwell and severe general weakness.
Reasons for the failure of the body's defense mechanisms
Normally, with each disease, defense mechanisms are triggered to neutralize the infection. This is the cleansing system of the human body.
- Cellular defense mechanisms. They are represented by blood cells, which are sent to the source of infection. These are the white blood cells that absorb and destroy viruses.
- The liver and kidneys remove waste products from organisms. They also cleanse the blood from the presence of damaging particles in it.
But during the presence of a large number of viruses, with a severe course of the disease or the addition of a bacterial infection, the body's defense does not work. Then the waste products of microorganisms lead to the development of severe intoxication.
Symptoms of intoxication with ARVI
What symptoms of intoxication can be observed with ARVI?
- Weakness, a feeling of aches throughout the body, severe sweating.
- Headaches and muscle pains.
- Nausea, bitter taste in the mouth, vomiting, abdominal pain.
- Chills.
- Pale skin.
- Lethargy, sleep disturbance, lack of appetite.
A severe viral infection is accompanied not only by such symptoms, but toxic shock can develop. The pulse gradually increases, blood pressure rises slightly, then decreases. If at the beginning a person is restless and somewhat agitated, then during the period of development of shock he becomes apathetic.
Intoxication with ARVI in a child is difficult. Babies have not yet fully developed mechanisms of protection against infection. Therefore, all of these symptoms do not develop gradually, but in a shorter period of time.
Treatment of viral poisoning
By the nature of the course, intoxication with viral disease more often of an acute nature. It develops quickly and does not last long. The body independently copes with the load and a person's well-being practically does not suffer. In this case, it is enough to take antiviral drugs, stay in bed and drink enough fluids. After the disease subsides, all organ systems work without consequences. But this is at best.
A severe course of infection requires additional medical care. How to remove intoxication with ARVI in this case?
How to reduce intoxication with ARVI at home
When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you should consult a specialist! He will prescribe the appropriate treatment, tell you how to remove intoxication with ARVI. After assessing the symptoms, the doctor will individually prescribe treatment, recommend an appointment antiviral agents, which will help the immune system to quickly suppress the multiplication of the virus.
With ARVI, it is important to help the body fight the virus. What does the prevention of intoxication of the body with ARVI include?
Everyone who has had ARVI at least once in their life has experienced mild intoxication. It is well tolerated and does not require special treatment. But if the immune system is weakened, and the viral infection is strong, then the symptoms will not be limited to weakness and malaise. How to prevent this? Timely treatment, bed rest and compliance with the doctor's recommendations are the basis for the prevention of such conditions. In the case when a person was unlucky and the disease became severe, there is only one way out, hospitalization.
In order to talk about intoxication with a cold, you first need to define the term intoxication itself. Intoxication is poisoning of the body, but poisoning is not with poisons that have entered the body from the outside, but with toxins that arise during the decay of viruses when they collide with the protective cells of the body.
With a mild viral infection (which everyone usually calls a cold), symptoms of intoxication are: a slight increase in temperature, mild headache and chills. With a more severe viral infection (flu), symptoms of intoxication are more pronounced - they are high fever, aches, muscle pain and lack of appetite. In case of severe poisoning of the body, vomiting and diarrhea may appear.
The symptoms clearly show that an intoxication of the body has occurred. What should be done now?
It is necessary to take measures to remove from the body toxins that cause poisoning. Liquid copes best with this task, which is why it is always recommended to drink more for colds. To speed up the process of removing toxins, the drink should not be hot or cold, but warm. Tea with lemon, cranberry fruit drinks and other fruit drinks made from sour berries, mineral water, but not carbonated, but ordinary, are well suited for this purpose. Drinking plenty of fluids not only helps to remove toxins from the body, but also restores the water balance, which is disturbed during illness due to profuse sweating.
Proper nutrition is essential for the fastest elimination of toxic substances from the body. The body at this time throws all its strength into the fight against viruses and it is necessary to help it, therefore from the menu at this time it is necessary to exclude products that are difficult for processing and assimilation, that is, everything fatty, spicy and smoked. During illness, it is useful to drink kefir and eat fermented milk products that increase immunity.
What else can you do to help your body fight viruses? Compliance with bed rest helps the body a lot, since it has to spend less energy on maintaining a person's life, and more on fighting viruses.
Antibiotics, which many take for colds, that is, intoxication of the body, are completely ineffective. They are useless in the fight against viruses, and can even worsen the situation by causing dysbiosis, which kills the body's defense cells designed to fight viruses.
To combat them, antiviral drugs are effective, which must be taken immediately after the first symptoms appear, but any medications it is possible only after consulting a doctor, therefore it is very important not to self-medicate, but at the first symptoms, consult a doctor.
Gradually, the body copes with viruses, intoxication decreases, its symptoms pass, the temperature drops, a runny nose appears and wet coughwhich helps to cleanse airways... The body removes all toxic substances from the body and the person recovers.
Anyone can get poisoned by poor-quality food. But is there a temperature in case of poisoning? This question often arises in people who have had to deal with severe intoxication. An increase in temperature after poisoning is a natural physiological reaction of the body to the entry of toxins, bacteria or viruses into the bloodstream.
Hyperthermia (in a simple way - elevated temperature) is considered a good sign that indicates the ability of the immune system of a poisoned patient to fight pathogenic agents. However, in case of poisoning, the temperature can reach high values, threatening the patient's life. Therefore, it is worth figuring out why hyperthermia develops, what are its consequences.
Fever in food poisoning is a protective barrier created by the immune system in response to the appearance of toxins and microbes in the body. Hyperthermia provokes an acceleration of metabolism, blood flow rate, synthesis of protein molecules. These processes are necessary for effective destruction and elimination of pathogenic agents, speedy recovery.
The type of poisonous substance and the reasons for the poisoning determine how long the temperature lasts, how quickly it rises. In case of poisoning, hyperthermia over 40 ° C may develop if food has been infected with staphylococci, salmonella. These pathogenic microorganisms are capable of producing enterotoxins that provoke severe intoxication.
The temperature can rise in case of poisoning against the background of a violation of the intestinal microflora. Pathogenic bacteria, entering the intestines, secrete toxic compounds, provoke spasm and swelling of the mucous membrane of the organ. As a result, the classic symptoms of poisoning develop: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea against a background of temperature.
What to do if an adult's temperature rises?
Is it possible to bring down the temperature against the background of poisoning? Experts do not recommend the use of antipyretics in adults if the temperature is below 38.5 ° C.
However, in the presence of chronic pathologies, intoxication against the background of hyperthermia can provoke an exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, in case of poisoning with a temperature of 38 ° C, antipyretic drugs are prescribed to such patients. Particular attention should be paid to patients who have a history of chronic cardiovascular and endocrine pathologies.
How to bring down the temperature in case of poisoning? They recommend following these tips:
- Remove excess clothing from patient to rub generously with rubbing alcohol or vinegar. Do not cover yourself with a blanket because the temperature may rise;
- With severe headache and fever, it is recommended to take Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Dollar, Pentalgin, Analgin, Maxigan;
- Compresses with medicinal herbs... To reduce the temperature, it is recommended to use yarrow, St. John's wort, mint. The compress can be applied to the forehead or other part of the body;
- Drink as much liquid as possible: pure water, tea without sugar, antipyretic decoctions. You can also eat liquid food: soups,;
- Enema with chamomile. If the temperature rises constantly, then it is recommended to carry out. The procedure involves the introduction into the intestines of a decoction of chamomile, brought to 1 liter of boiled water.
How to lower the temperature in children?
What to do in case of poisoning when the child's temperature rises? Many parents are beginning to use a set of recipes to eliminate hyperthermia. However, doctors recommend abandoning any action until the temperature can rise to 38.5 ° C. In case of food poisoning with a temperature, it is recommended to adhere to the following tactics:
- Reduce the temperature in the room. To do this, ventilate the room, cover the batteries during the heating season;
- Wipe the child with a vinegar solution. This method can be used if the patient does not have a history of seizures. It is not recommended to use alcohol or cold water - liquids will drastically reduce the temperature;
- Taking medications based on Paracetamol and Ibuprofen if the patient has no contraindications or allergies. The dosage must be precisely observed to reduce the risk of developing side effects... The child may have a fever while vomiting; in such situations, it is recommended to use rectal suppositories.
If, after the measures taken, the child's condition does not improve, the temperature remains, then you should contact medical care... In case of poisoning, what should not be done? Pediatricians strongly recommend that you stop using drugs based on Analgin, Amidopyrine, Aspirin. These funds can provoke the development of dangerous side reactions in the child's body.
Why is high temperature dangerous?
Could hyperthermia be dangerous? Poisoning with a temperature of more than 40 ° C for a long time can lead to the development of severe complications:
- Functional impairment of the brain. Against the background of intoxication, neurons are often affected, so the patient may have lethargy, loss of consciousness;
- Damage to the nervous system. A temperature of 38-40 ° C leads to excitation in the processes of neurons, which is transmitted to the muscles or internal organs. As a result, convulsions develop;
- Kidney pathology. In case of poisoning, a high temperature against the background of vomiting and diarrhea can provoke dehydration. A decrease in the volume of circulating blood provokes a malfunction of the kidneys: protein may appear in the urine, urea and creatinine accumulate. The urine becomes cloudy. To prevent the development of dehydration, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids;
- Decrease in blood pressure against the background of dehydration;
- Thickening of blood, an increase in the level of leukocytes and ESR.
That is why in case of food poisoning with temperature, it is necessary to monitor the patient's condition and how quickly the body temperature rises. It is necessary to consult a specialist if the following alarming symptoms develop:
- Severe diarrhea - bowel movements up to 10 times a day;
- The appearance of any amount of blood in the feces;
- Temperatures over 39 ° C persist throughout the day;
- Lack of effect from taking antipyretics;
- Development of repeated vomiting. Why is vomiting dangerous for the body? The condition can lead to severe dehydration in a short time;
- Development of symptoms of dehydration;
- The appearance of a rash on the skin in children;
- Constriction or significant dilation of the pupils;
- Impaired consciousness;
- The appearance of seizures or tremors due to impaired muscle activity.
With the development of the listed symptoms, one should not self-medicate. It is important to immediately call an ambulance to hospitalize the patient.
Doctor-intern. Kharkov National Medical University.