Bacteria that are present in the body of almost every person. In analyzes, they are found quite often, but this is not always an indicator of the presence of a disease.
Ureaplasma is found in 30% of healthy women, but it should be borne in mind that these bacteria are often found with other pathogens, for example.
Inoculation tank for ureaplasma and mycoplasma can be prescribed in many cases - both for diagnosis and for the treatment of diseases. Ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis are not sexually transmitted diseases, therefore, this particular study may not be carried out.
If there are no signs of inflammation and the presence of infections in the genital tract, this analysis is not specifically prescribed. Sowing on mycoplasma and ureaplasma if there are signs of inflammation, other pathogens are found.
Method essence consists in the study of material from the urogenital tract, which is placed in a special nutrient medium.
In this bacteriological study, microbes are counted, and the titer of ureaplasmas and mycoplasmas to other pathogens is also counted.
The initially harvested crop is placed in a transport medium, from where it is transferred to the nutrient medium. In this environment, sowing is kept for three days, after which research and identification is carried out DNA of microorganisms.
To identify and make an accurate diagnosis, one seeding tank is not enough, more often additional studies are carried out and other tests are submitted.
Why analysis is needed
If a specialist has prescribed a culture for ureaplasma, what it is, you can ask your doctor. The essence of the analysis lies in the delivery of a biomaterial, placing it in a nutrient medium and further researching it.
A seeding tank can be assigned to a patient in the following cases:
Tank culture for ureaplasma can be prescribed in case of not carrying a pregnancy, frequent miscarriages, pathological pregnancies. The analysis should be performed on both partners.
If a seeding tank is prescribed to view the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment, then it is carried out once for men and three times for women.
If sowing for ureaplasma and mycoplasma is prescribed (what is this, you can find out in more detail from your doctor), then you should not neglect this analysis.
Timely detection of infections and pathogenic bacteria will help to properly prescribe treatment and get rid of possible problems.
It should be noted that the presence of ureaplasma and mycoplasma in the analyzes is not always a reason for panic and does not mean 100% of the disease.
Research material
For this sowing tank, scrapings are taken from the mucous membrane of the urogenital organs. The biomaterial is taken no earlier than two hours after urination. In women, the material is taken before or after menstruation. The scraping is taken from the fornix of the urethra and from the walls of the vagina.
In men, a scraping of the urethra is done, an additional analysis of the semen is performed. Material for analysis is taken at least a day after intercourse, that is, immediately before taking the analysis, you must refrain from sex.
Analysis results
The final results of the biological research without fail include the following data:
- the presence of DNA of a microorganism;
- the digital value of microorganisms.
10 * 4 CFU. If there is inflammatory process, we can talk about the presence of a disease when the norm is exceeded. If there is no inflammation, then in this case the patient is more likely a carrier of ureaplasmosis.
Based on the data of the study conducted, the diagnosis is not made. The doctor conducts an examination, prescribes additional studies.
Often the culture tank gives false results, since ureaplasma is able to turn into persistence and is not detected during analysis.
Therefore, you should not fully rely on this analysis. To obtain the most reliable results, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, and women must pass the sowing tank three times.
In contact with
Mycoplasmosis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It can cause the development of pelvic inflammatory processes, as well as other chronic diseases genital area.
The neglected development of Mycoplasma hominis can lead to infertility or the pathological course of pregnancy, which is why it is important to identify it as soon as possible and take measures to eliminate it.
Sowing for mycoplasma is prescribed:
- if there are symptoms of infection;
- to monitor the effectiveness of her treatment;
- when planning pregnancy and during it.
Production time:
Biomaterial:
Genital tract smear
Synonyms:
Sowing for mycoplasmosis, Mycoplasma species culture
Reception schedule:
8:00 am to 12:00 pm Monday to Saturday
The patients:
From 18 years old (adults)
The price of bacterial culture for mycoplasmosis *
- 1 200 R Culture on Mycoplasma hominis with determination of antibiotic sensitivity (8 antibiotics)
Preparing for the tank. sowing on mycoplasma
Initially, sowing on mycoplasma hominis is carried out before the start of antibiotic therapy (then, after undergoing a course of treatment, it is possible to reappoint the study). When taking a urethral swab, it is important that the procedure is performed at least two hours after urination. In women, the analysis can be prescribed from the moment the menstrual bleeding is completed until the last day of the cycle.
The doctor, analyzing the symptoms, determines the tactics of the procedure. In men, urine, ejaculate, the contents of a smear from the urethra, as well as prostate secretions can be used for research; in women, the contents of a smear from the vagina, urethra, or cervix.
Specialists
Where to donate bacterial culture for mycoplasma
The price of seeding for mycoplasma in our clinic is 1,200 rubles. The research is carried out by the laboratory specialists of the Medical Women's Center, so we are confident in its accuracy. Experienced doctors during an additional consultation can tell in detail about the results of the analysis and prescribe therapy based on its results.
Sowing for ureaplasma and mycoplasma is a microbiological study, through which it is possible to establish the causative agent of the disease and select effective antibacterial drugs. The sampling of material from the patient is carried out under sterile conditions by a specialist, which excludes the ingress of extraneous microflora. The analysis allows the doctor to be confident in the correctness of the tactics of the prescribed treatment and is an integral part of the preparation for surgical intervention on the pelvic organs and before IVF.
Indications for appointment
The decision on whether to take a bacterial culture for ureaplasma and mycoplasma is made by the doctor based on his observations of the patient, indicators of other laboratory tests and existing symptoms.
The analysis is assigned without fail in the following conditions:
- inflammation of the pelvic organs in women (tubal infertility, endometritis, cervicitis, vaginitis, salpingitis);
- frequent urination (acute urethral syndrome);
- chronic genitourinary infections in both sexes, especially if studies have shown the absence of Trichomonas, chlamydia and gonococci;
- frequent spontaneous abortion and miscarriage of the fetus;
- to monitor ongoing therapy;
- before in vitro fertilization;
- when planning a pregnancy for a married couple;
- as preparation for surgery in the pelvic area;
- in the presence of sexual inflammatory diseases in men (inflammation of the epididymis, urethritis, prostatitis);
- with deterioration in sperm quality.
Neglecting examination by couples preparing for conceiving a child is frivolous, since there is a high probability of infection of the child during childbirth or during intrauterine development. Particularly dangerous at this age are pneumonia caused by ureaplasmosis or mycoplasmosis, meningitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, since they pose a threat to the life of the newborn. The most serious complication caused by these pathogens in infants is sepsis.
Bacteriological examination is carried out no earlier than 2 weeks after the end of treatment.
Method advantages
The method of inoculation of biological material has become widespread along with PCR (polymerase chain reaction), due to the high accuracy of research results.
PCR diagnostics allows to estimate with 99% accuracy the causative agent of the disease, including the most dangerous one - Mycoplasma genitalium (mycoplasma genitalium). However, not all laboratories are equipped with equipment that allows to quantify the content of pathogen DNA in the test material. Therefore, in most cases, the research results contain only information about the pathogen.
The bacteriological culture method for detecting ureaplasma and mycoplasma has a number of advantages:
- The determination of the number of microorganisms of the pathogen per unit volume of the material is carried out. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to give an objective assessment of the infectious process and prescribe the correct treatment.
- The sensitivity of the identified microorganisms to antibiotics is determined and the appropriate drugs are selected.
Bacteriological examination of patients shows less accuracy than PCR analysis, however, the possibility of quantitative assessment and accurate selection medicines more than compensate for this shortcoming.
Preparation phase
A man and a woman must take a responsible approach to the delivery of the analysis and comply with some requirements in order to avoid obtaining unreliable results.
Preparation for research is as follows:
- refrain from sexual intercourse for 2-3 days;
- do not take antibacterial drugs for a week;
- do not urinate 2-3 hours before delivery of the material;
- women on the eve do not douche with antiseptic solutions and do not use vaginal creams and suppositories;
- do not wash away on the day of the study;
- women are advised to be examined after the end of menstruation.
In some cases, semen is used as a material for inoculation, which is collected, observing the conditions of sterility. Pregnant women are allowed for the analysis; this category of patients has no contraindications to the sampling procedure.
How is
Taking material from men is carried out as follows:
- a sterile probe or tampon is inserted into the urethra to a depth of no more than 3 cm;
- with the inserted instrument, several forward movements are performed to scrap the urethral mucosa;
- the probe is removed and the resulting material is placed in a nutrient medium.
After removing the instrument from the urethra, a man may feel discomfort, which soon disappears.
In women, material should be taken from 3 places: the cervical canal, the urethra and the vagina. To do this, a dilator is inserted into the vagina. During the procedure, a woman may experience discomfort if the mucous membranes of her genitals are irritated and inflamed. The entire process of collecting material is fast and does not pose any health risk.
Decoding the results
A negative test result is the norm for patients. The content of ureaplasmas in 1 ml of the test material in an amount of 10 to 4 degrees CFU is considered acceptable. If the growth of colonies on a nutrient medium has exceeded this value, but there is no inflammatory process, then a person is a carrier of mycoplasmosis. If the established norm is exceeded and the presence of inflammation, the pathogen is considered established.
You should not decipher the results of the analysis yourself, since the final diagnosis based on only one study is not made. To confirm, a comprehensive examination is required, and the sowing itself must be repeated 3 times.
The analysis time is up to 5 working days, and when determining the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, the analysis time can stretch for 14 days. During the study, the pathogen is checked for sensitivity to 12 antibiotics.
As additional analyzes, it is recommended to pass ELISA and PCR. The cost of bacteriological research is on average 1500-2500 rubles. The price in a separate laboratory may differ from the indicated figures. Given the importance of the information obtained as a result of bacteriological culture, it can be recommended for all patients with symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases and for preventive purposes when planning pregnancy.
Sowing for mycoplasma is very important, it allows not only to identify, determine its type, but also can calculate the number of infectious agents contained in 1 ml of the examined biological fluid. And this already makes it possible to decide the question of whether it is necessary to prescribe treatment for this patient.
Sowing on mycoplasma is correctly called bacteriological research. Such a study is carried out with suspicion of mycoplasmosis of the genitourinary organs, during examination and for infertility, during pregnancy.
According to the results of which one or two pathogens can be identified: (mycoplasma genitalium), (mycoplasma hominis).
Why do the analysis
Bacteriological inoculation, otherwise called microbiological (cultural) research.
It is an assay in which material suspected of containing mycoplasma is placed in an environment favorable for the latter to reproduce. The results are used to evaluate the growth of microorganisms and their sensitivity to antibiotics.
He is appointed:
- To establish the cause of chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system;
- For differential diagnosis (along with other studies) diseases with similar symptoms, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, ureaplasma infection;
- To select rational antibiotic therapy (and evaluate its effectiveness).
When is the study required?
- If you suspect a mycoplasma infection;
- With infertility or miscarriage;
- With an ectopic pregnancy;
- With HIV;
- When assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy (not earlier than 14 days after drug withdrawal).
Sowing for mycoplasma, the price of which is relatively high due to the significant requirements for the qualifications of personnel and the collection of samples, requires a long time.
It is possible with reliable results to carry out sowing on mycoplasma hominis or sowing on mycoplasma genitalia.
In addition, this examination allows you to obtain a detailed antibioticogram: to simulate the therapeutic effect antibacterial drugs on microorganisms. It is important to take into account that mycoplasmosis is often accompanied by other infections: ureaplasma, gonococcal, Trichomonas, etc. Bacterial culture can effectively detect the "adjacent" microflora.
Unconditional indications for a microbiological examination are prostatitis in a man. And in women - pelvic inflammatory disease (the common abbreviation PID).
How to seed for mycoplasma
After a doctor's appointment of such an examination as inoculation for mycoplasma (often at the same time for ureaplasma), patients wonder how to take this analysis.
The studied biomaterial is taken from the affected area.
In women - from the cervical canal, posterior fornix of the vagina, urethra.
In men - from the front of the urethra at a depth of about 1-3 cm, sometimes after prostate massage.
The collection is made with sterile tampons or special instruments. Women are recommended:
- be tested before menstruation or a couple of days after its completion;
- on the day of the examination, do not douche, do not wash;
- refrain from intercourse for a few hours before taking the sample.
Both men and women should:
- refrain from urinating 3-4 hours before taking the sample.
- abstain from sexual activity for 2 - 3 days;
- Do not use genital preparations for 7 days.
The resulting material is applied to a special nutrient medium and placed in a thermostat. It maintains conditions favorable for the growth of mycoplasma.
After a certain time, the nutrient medium is examined for color, density, shape, size of the formed colonies of microorganisms. The interpretation of the results is determined by the qualifications of the researcher and the correctness of the technique.
How the patient feels during the procedure
There may be some discomfort when the dilator is inserted, especially if the vagina is irritated or very sensitive. Maybe a small amount bloody discharge after this test, it is not dangerous and does not threaten the health of either the mother or the fetus.
To minimize the discomfort from the procedure, you should relax as much as possible, especially since the smear is taken very quickly. There are no risks when taking a sample of microflora from the vagina.
Where can I get mycoplasma smear?
If you were referred by a doctor of the antenatal clinic, then in most cases the analysis is submitted at the same institution.
You can take it in a paid clinic or laboratory, the cost is about 1500 - 2000 rubles.
What mycoplasmas are detected at inoculation?
During the diagnosis of mycoplasmosis, the presence of the pathogen in the test material is determined.
Its species identity, as well as its sensitivity to the main types of modern antibiotics.
There are several types of pathogenic mycoplasmas that can cause mycoplasmosis, they include:
Sowing for mycoplasma necessarily includes measures aimed at identifying ureaplasma.
Decoding analysis
The final results of the conducted biological research necessarily include the following data:
- the presence of DNA of a microorganism;
- the digital value of microorganisms.
The rate of ureaplasma is 10 ^ 4 CFU.
If there is an inflammatory process, we can talk about the presence of a disease when the norm is exceeded.
If there is no inflammation, then in this case the patient is more likely a carrier of ureaplasmosis.
Based on the data of the study conducted, the diagnosis is not made. The doctor conducts an examination, prescribes additional studies.
Often the culture tank gives false results, since ureaplasma is able to turn into persistence and is not detected during analysis.
Therefore, you should not fully rely on this analysis. To obtain the most reliable results, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, and women must pass the sowing tank three times.
The effectiveness of treatment is increased due to the culture of sensitivity to certain antibiotics, which is denoted by the abbreviation ACh. To do this, use a special set of ACh reagents in various configurations. In the course of the ACh study, the sensitivity of ureaplazma urealiticum bacteria to 12 or more antibiotics is determined. After receiving the results of the analysis, the doctor has a complete picture of the state of microorganisms and what treatment will be effective.
Often, doctors prescribe a second study, since it is possible that the results are incorrect. This can happen due to the human factor (laboratory assistant's mistake), or lack of preparation on the part of the patient. Also, re-delivery of the analysis is required in the following cases:
- with incorrect and ineffective treatment;
- with the progression of inflammatory processes;
- for monitoring purposes after the course of therapy;
- with the development of concomitant venereal infection.
If, according to the results of the study, the quantitative value of microorganisms is within the normal range, then treatment is prescribed according to the patient's personal expression.
If surgical treatment or pregnancy is planned, then therapy is mandatory, this will require a mandatory antibiotic susceptibility test (AS).
There are also additional methods for studying ureaplasmosis and these include:
- (enzyme immunoassay) - allows you to detect antibodies in the blood for ureaplasma;
- (polydimensional chain reaction);
- RNIF and RPIF (indirect and direct immunofluorescence).
It is effective only with an integrated approach to it, therefore, along with taking medications, you need to follow a special diet. The daily diet should include foods high in vitamins (fruits, vegetables, dairy products).
It is necessary to exclude fried, spicy, salty foods. Smoked meats and foods with a high fat content are contraindicated. Drink at least two liters of water during the day. With a comprehensive and correct approach to treatment, recovery will come much faster.
Mycoplasma hominis is very widespread and as a symbiont it can be present in an acceptable amount of 1000 to 10000 colony-forming units (that is, from 10 ^ 3 to 10 ^ 4 CFU), and this indicator is a threshold, above which plasma will provoke infectious inflammatory diseases ...
Various modern diagnostic methods are used to determine the degree of concentration of the pathogen.
Knowing that various strains can be both components of normal microflora and pathogenic, when decoding the results, the doctor takes into account a certain quantitative degree of microorganisms.
DUO analysis is often used to quantify plasma (simultaneous testing for Ureaplasma urealiticum and Micoplasma hominis).
The definition and indicative titer is based on the standard metabolic characteristics of each specific type of microorganism: the genital is able to break down only urea, and hominis only arginine.
The growth of the pathogen is due to a specific environment, and it is the growth rate that helps to reveal the titer at the threshold values \u200b\u200b- mycoplasma 10 to the 4th degree and mycoplasma 10 to the 3rd degree.
The DUO analysis method is also suitable for detecting deviations and exceeding the norm of titers. With indicators of the degree of mycoplasma 1 * 5 - the result is weakly positive and DUO-growth of microorganisms is not detected.
Squamous cells in a smear and other indicators
On the form with the results of a vaginal smear, there may be the following letters, thanks to which the analysis of the smear is deciphered:
- "V" is short for vagina, meaning the vagina. Opposite this letter will be numbers showing what exactly was found in the mucus taken from the vagina;
- "C" - from cervix, that is, the cervix;
- "U" is the first letter of the word uretra, that is, the urethra;
- "L" is an abbreviation for the word "leukocytes";
- "Ep" is short for epithelium. Sometimes they write “pl. ep "- means" squamous epithelium ";
- "Abs" - no. For example, if abs is next to the line "Trichomonas", then Trichomonas was not found in the smear;
- "Gr + cocci" - gram-positive microorganisms, usually streptococci or staphylococci;
- "Gn" or "Neisseria gonorrhoeae" or "gr - cocci" - gonococci;
- "Trich" they are "Trichomonas vaginalis" - Trichomonas.