Time: 08:36 Date: 10/06/02
Girls! Help !! I do not know what to do! The child has had diarrhea for 5 days. He walks with almost one water. I gave smecta, hilak-forte, we practically only eat rice porridge. I brewed chamomile. No fruit other than a rare banana. I just don't know what to do !!! The doctor refuses to admit us until we issue the policy, but they are issued on certain days, so we will not look around there for the next couple of days.
If the seasoned stool has a fat area, a low fat diet should be introduced. Answer: In the case of adult diarrhea, antibiotics may be used while traveling, as it may take too long to find out the cause, screening the cannula. However, if the illness lasts more than 4 days, you must apply for a test.
Acute diarrhea is a very common and uncomfortable condition not only in children who suffer from it at a high frequency, but also in adults. Diarrhea is defined as the excretion of more than 200 grams of fish per day and an increase in the normal frequency of expulsion. Many cases are treated spontaneously in the short term, but some require consultation with a family doctor. The total number of cases of diarrhea includes the so-called. Diverse travel, often with people who travel from western countries to developing countries.
Time: 12:27 Date: 10/06/02
call paid! in the meantime, give plenty of water + Rehydron (to restore the balance of minerals in the body with diarrhea and vomiting).
What do you do porridge on - not milk, I hope? It is even better to serve rice broth.
In principle, a tincture of pomegranate peels is considered to be fixing (we ate the grains themselves), and blueberry jelly from a delicious one (dried is sold in pharmacies, and frozen in stores). But it is dangerous for you to take such things before visiting a doctor, because for some sores, it is better not to take fixatives.
The causes of diarrhea depend on geographic location, standard hygiene during food preparation, water supply, and the time of year. However, in more than half of the cases, it is impossible to accurately identify the infectious agent. Traveling half the cases are caused by bacterial infections such as enterotoxic E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Aeromonas. In developed countries, it is very rare for an adult to die of acute diarrhea, although complications such as dehydration and kidney failure may require hospitalization.
Do not spare money now for a doctor, otherwise the subsequent treatment (God forbid) can cost you much more and not only in material terms
And yet - take a closer look at the previous questions and answers - a similar topic was discussed.
Recover!!!
Time: 23:00 Date: 10/06/02
We drank Linnex, Regidron, then gave us a coal (it didn't help us, but you can try), then Smektu, and a mixture with rice flour (it strengthens).
And the doctor is your fool (sorry for the harshness)
The most vulnerable are the elderly, especially those living in social assistance homes. The goal of diarrhea treatment is to reduce the duration of illness, the risk of dehydration, and complications with the least side effects... In studies evaluating the effectiveness of various treatments, forms of diarrhea were separated from diarrhea after travel to developing countries.
In the first case, the most commonly used drugs are intestinal fluids, also called anti-diarrhea, in particular loperamide. It is a intestinal peristalsis blocker available over the counter at drugstores. The drug is effective both in reducing the duration of symptoms and in reducing the number of delays. Increases abdominal pain and swelling, at least in the first hours after using it.
Time: 23:15 Date: 10/06/02
(I quote)
The first priority is to replace the loss of fluid, salts and glucose by oral rehydration, in other words, by drinking the baby.
You need to drink with solutions of the Rehydron type (1 sachet is diluted in one liter of water and contains the salts and glucose necessary for the body in an optimal ratio). You can prepare this solution on a decoction of anti-inflammatory herbs - chamomile, mint, gastric collection, brewed, as written in the instructions, and diluted 3-5 times. You can make your own rehydration solution by adding a tablespoon of salt, two tablespoons of sugar (10 grams of glucose), and half a lemon or three tablespoons of cranberry juice to one liter of water. If a child is vomiting and cannot hold a large volume of liquid or simply does not want to drink, it is necessary to drink it from a teaspoon, 1 spoonful every 5 minutes, or from a pipette. It is better to give the liquid at room temperature, it can be slightly cooler. To combat the gag reflex, it is good to use pipolfen in ampoules, dripping it onto the tongue. The central antiemetic effect of the drug begins after 20 minutes and lasts 4-6 hours, and reduce sensitivity oral cavity (light frost) it starts immediately. In children under two months old, pipolfen is not used, for babies from two months to a year a day, you can drip 1 ml (half an ampoule), over a year - a whole ampoule, divided into 6-10 doses, a few drops at a time. Often, to stop vomiting, it is enough to rinse the child's stomach - make him drink 1-2 liters of liquid and induce vomiting. If possible, repeat this procedure several times.
Antidiarrheals should only be taken if a specific type of infectious agent exists. They block the excretion of the plant, which is the body's natural defense mechanism that quickly removes any harmful bacteria. First of all, eliminate food poisoning. In normal practice, this precautionary measure is often neglected, as the results of kaizu screening are obtained after a few days. Also called. Antiseptics that block the excretion of water from the intestinal wall are effective in reducing symptoms, but to a lesser extent than drugs for diarrhea.
For the binding and elimination of toxins in bacterial infections and rotaviruses, enterosorbent preparations are necessary - the well-known activated carbon, smecta, polyphepan, enterosgel, enterodesis in the dosages indicated on the preparations. With a significant overdose or the use of these drugs for more than 3-4 days, constipation may develop. Since the affected intestine absorbs vitamins worse, and enterosorbents can bind and remove them from the body, in parallel with the main treatment, children should take multivitamin preparations. Their reception should be continued after the cure for another 1-2 months.
The empirical use of intestinal antibiotics is very common. This strategy is useful because the waiting time for test results often prevents quick treatment... However, if you re-use antibiotics, you may be resistant to it.
It is very helpful to have a diet that does not significantly affect the duration of the diarrhea or the amount of diarrhea. In addition, irrigation solutions required for diarrhea in infants and early ageare not very helpful for adults who can be irritable.
Re-feeding in acute diarrhea is done differently with breastfeeding and bottle-feeding. Babies need to alternate between rehydration solution and breastfeeding to improve consistency and reduce stool frequency. The artificial diet is more complicated. In children under 3-4 months of age, with intestinal damage, cow's milk from infant formula is absorbed into the bloodstream entirely and can cause allergies. Therefore, it is necessary to temporarily replace the diet, using mixtures based on protein hydrolysates, in which the protein has already been split into amino acids (not soy). These mixtures - Frisopep-1, Nutramigen - are prescribed for a period of several days to several weeks. If the baby's digestion and absorption disorders are so pronounced that they lead to his depletion, his own enzymes are not produced and an allergy to any milk mixture appears, you can use medical nutrition - Pregestimil, Alfare, Humana LP + MCT and others. Older children - from 3 to 6 months, in whom the risk of allergies is less, together with rehydration solutions are given low and lactose-free mixtures - Low-lactose Nutrilon, Al-110. If before the disease there were problems with the assimilation of cow's milk, it is worth using soy mixtures - Alsoy, Nutri-soy, Prosobi, Frisosa, or mixtures with protein hydrolysates. The duration of these mixtures is about a week, new products are introduced gradually. Babies after 6 months are less likely to suffer from acute diarrhea. Feeding the usual formula will not worsen the child's condition. As soon as possible, with the cessation of vomiting, it is worth restoring a balanced diet. It is better to start with well-cooked rice, potatoes, carrots, very ripe bananas, baked apples, fruit puree in jars. After the third or fourth day of treatment, you can enter one at a time from the child's usual diet.
If diarrhea occurs, always take loperamide with an intestinal antibiotic; Otherwise it will be ineffective. Diet is also very helpful, but it can be helpful to use irrigation solutions, especially if they are very frequent and the patient is in hot and humid climates. If this condition persists for more than four days, seek medical attention. Screening is necessary, and in case of negative results and prolonged and intense symptoms of colonoscopy, check and rule out the presence of inflammatory bowel disease.
As a result of diarrhea, damage to the enzyme systems of the gastrointestinal tract often occurs - the liver, pancreas, intestinal wall enzymes. It - can be determined by the coprogram (you need to pass the analysis of feces for scatology). Based on the results of the analysis, the doctor will prescribe a course of enzyme preparations, depending on the situation - pancreatin, festal, oraz, creon, lactase or something else.
This is a specific type of acute intestinal infection that affects people who are not immune to the microorganisms present in the area. It reaches about 4 million people a year, especially from Western countries who travel to developing countries.
The illness usually appears 4-6 days after arrival with a sudden onset of abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea that disappears within 3-5 days. Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously. Chemotherapy and antibiotics are only recommended for mild to severe diarrhea that is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or fever. In this case, it is recommended to combine them with antidiarrheal medicines. The only one preventive measure is a diet that consists in avoiding drinks or foods that may be contaminated.
After recovery, it is worthwhile to be examined for dysbiosis and restore, if necessary, normal intestinal flora with linex, bifidum-bacterin, bifikol, acelact, primadophyllus preparations.
Time: 23:47 Date: 10/06/02
What a horror. Where to get paid? Tomorrow I will go to shed a sea of \u200b\u200bblood in our clinic, but it would be nice to consult a normal doctor too. But I've only been here for a week, and in two weeks I'm leaving for Beijing. So I don't even know where to get a paid doctor.
Several precautions to take to prevent infection. Removal of more stools or a change in consistency to normal with soft or watery stools determines diarrhea. In the first months of a child's life, soft alignment of sites is an important criterion for diagnosis. Thus, special attention should be paid first of all to this aspect, and then to the number of remote locations one day.
The term acute diarrhea refers to the presence of certain symptoms for up to three weeks, which is one of the most common conditions before the age of 5. The incidence increases significantly among children aged 6 to 18 months. The main cause of acute diarrhea in children is a virus, especially rotavirus, as well as adenovirus or norovirus. About 40% of clinical cases with acute diarrheal episodes less than 5 years of age present rotavirus as a pathogenic agent.
Time: 01:33 Date: 11/06/02
Maybe an ambulance? The main thing is to drink more and more often so that there is no dehydration. They say there are special solutions in pharmacies, but it seems like you can have mineral water without gas (this is so that there is no desalination). Unfortunately, the age did not look, but if the baby is, then watch the fontanel, if God forbid, it will be sunken - immediately an ambulance. And the symptoms of dehydration are dry mucous membranes, dry lips, corners of the eyes.
About 30% of cases correspond to adenoviruses and noroviruses. Viral etiology is the main form of acute diarrheal syndrome in a child. The cause of bacterial nature is 20% of pediatric clinical cases. Parasites are other pathogens blamed in the development of acute diarrhea, but manifest forms are rare, representing a rate of about 5% of cases of acute aggregation of infectious diarrhea.
Risk factors associated with the onset of acute diarrhea in children are represented by unsanitary conditions, large groups, direct contact with infected persons, traveling abroad, swimming in lakes and pools, whose means of storage are recommended hygiene leaves much to be desired.
Andrey Moschinetsky
Time: 07:52 Date: 11/06/02
Everything that is written by Pansies is quite fair. BUT for adequate therapy it is necessary to establish a diagnosis of the disease. To do this, you cannot do without a doctor's examination. Refusal to admit a baby with reference to the absence of an insurance policy is a gross violation - after all, diarrhea in a one-year-old child is an emergency indication for medical care... To restore justice, you need to contact the management of the clinic or higher authorities. If the baby's health is very unimportant and there is no time for "disassembly" with the clinic, then call an ambulance.
The transmission of pathogens responsible for the onset of acute diarrhea can be achieved by fecal-oral or respiratory tract... Swallowing food or contaminated water is a way of transmitting pathogens. Food stored in insoluble conditions is a source of contamination with bacterial microorganisms that produce various toxins. These, once swallowed, produce manifestations characteristic of gastroenteritis.
The water can be contaminated with viruses, bacteria or protozoa. Thus, the clinical entity is recognized as traveler's diarrhea. Young children are at risk of systemic spread of pathogenic microbes. With this type of infection, hemorrhagic colitis can be complicated by hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
Good luck to you!
Andrey Moschinetsky, pediatrician,
ph.D.
Time: 09:57 Date: 11/06/02
You can consult at the Semashko Institute and even call any doctor at home, even a specialist. The truth is expensive for them, but the health of the child is more expensive.
http://medmedia.ru/hospital/?id\u003d16340
Diarrhea (diarrhea) is an increased (more than 2 times a day) discharge of liquid feces, which is associated with the accelerated passage of intestinal contents due to increased peristalsis or impaired absorption of water in the large intestine and the release of a significant amount of inflammatory secretion by the intestinal wall.
The rules of maintaining strict hygiene significantly reduce the incidence of acute infectious diarrhea. A characteristic clinical picture is the presence of watery or soft stools, accompanied by mucus or blood, depending on their etiology. Diarrhea defines the removal of more than three stools in 24 hours. In newborns and infants, a change in the alignment of sites with their normal appearance is a more appropriate diagnostic criterion compared to their frequency.
Diarrheal episodes may be accompanied by the following signs and symptoms. Persistence of diarrheal stools and inadequate fluid intake can cause an acute syndrome with a significant change in the overall health of the child. is a consequence of hydroelectrolytic imbalances that can occur in the event of elimination of large quantitative water stools and the occurrence of vomiting.
In most cases, diarrhea is a symptom of acute or chronic colitis (a disease of the colon) or enteritis (a disease of the small intestine).
Distinguish diarrhea infectious, alimentary, dyspeptic, toxic, medicinal and neurogenic.
Infectious diarrhea is observed in dysentery, salmonellosis, foodborne infections, viral diseases (viral diarrhea), amebiosis, etc.
The susceptibility to dehydration is significantly higher in the following situations. Children under 1 year of age, especially those under 6 months of age; infants who cannot adequately feed during illness and children who cannot consume daily fluids; the babies did not have ideal weight at birth and did not gain sufficient weight for months. It is a clinical emergency and is characterized by the following signs and symptoms.
Oliguria or; dry mouth; lack of lacrimal secretion; eyes are clogged in orbit; irritability; tiredness or lethargy; the former font is suppressed or energized, pulsating. Medical history is an important diagnostic element. From the point of view of the anamnesis interest: the coming attacks of diarrhea, their number, blood in the stool, vomiting, fever or other symptoms present at the onset or development, the presence of other diseases in the anamnesis, diuresis, fluid intake has debuted to date, drug use.
Viral diarrhea is now quite common. Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute infectious diarrhea in children. Most often, rotavirus diarrhea occurs in children under 2 years of age in the form of sporadic cases; epidemics of rotavirus infection are possible, usually in winter. In adults, rotavirus is rarely the causative agent of gastroenteritis, and the process caused by it is erased.
The purpose of the survey is to assess the degree of dehydration. The test result requires an interval of about 2-3 days, during which the characteristic symptoms can be eliminated. Serologic tests, especially inflammatory findings, indicate infection. Complete serologic testing requires pediatric patients who are severely dehydrated and require IV hydroelectrolyte revaluation.
A differential diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea can be achieved under the following conditions. In addition, acute diarrhea can represent a variety of related conditions. In some cases, acute infectious diarrhea can mask gastrointestinal distress as well as chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
The incubation (latent) period in rotavirus infection lasts from one to several days. The onset of viral gastroenteritis is acute - with vomiting, severe in children; then diarrhea appears, and general symptoms infections: headaches and muscle pains, fever, but these phenomena are usually mild. Abdominal pain is not common with viral gastroenteritis. Diarrhea is watery in nature, fluid lost with diarrhea contains little protein, but a lot of salt. Viral diarrhea in adults lasts 1-3 days, in children - twice as long. Severe dehydration (dehydration) can threaten the patient's life, and therefore therapy is reduced mainly to replacing lost fluid - a drink containing glucose and salt is prescribed (glucose stimulates sodium absorption). The liquid is introduced at the rate of 1.5 liters per 1 liter of stool, but the main control is the visible filling of the vessels of the skin and mucous membranes.
An important criterion for differential diagnosis is the duration of the disease. Persistence of diarrheal episodes for more than three weeks indicates the presence of chronic diarrhea. Attachment etiology is directed towards the implementation of specific therapeutic behaviors.
Hydroelectrolytic rebalancing and proper nutrition are the main treatment intentions, which aim to prevent catabolic status and regenerate the intestinal mucosa. Nasogastric tube feeding is recommended for malnutrition or lethargy.
Antibiotic therapy for watery diarrhea does not affect the duration of the disease.
Alimentary diarrhea can occur as a result of a long-term violation of the diet, monotonous, vitamin-poor nutrition, or in case of allergy to certain foods (strawberries, eggs, crabs, etc.) or medicines (iodine, bromine preparations, some sulfonamides, antibiotics, etc.) etc.).
Dyspeptic diarrhea is observed when the digestion of food masses is impaired due to secretory insufficiency of the stomach, pancreas, liver, or insufficient excretion of certain enzymes by the small intestine.
Toxic diarrhea can result from kidney failure (uremia), mercury or arsenic poisoning.
Drug-induced diarrhea is the result of suppression medicines (most often antibiotics) of the physiological flora of the intestine and the development of dysbiosis.
Neurogenic diarrhea occurs when the nervous regulation of intestinal motor activity is impaired (for example, diarrhea arising under the influence of excitement, fear).
Symptoms
Stool frequency with diarrhea varies, and the stool is watery or mushy. The nature of the bowel movements depends on the disease. So, with dysentery, the feces first have a dense consistency, then it becomes liquid, scanty, mucus and blood appear in it; with amoebiosis - contains vitreous mucus and blood, sometimes blood soaks the mucus and feces take the form of raspberry jelly. With diarrhea, there may be abdominal pain, a rumbling sensation, transfusions, and bloating. Finally, rectal colic, or so-called te-nezmas, may occur. They are manifested by frequent and painful urges to the bottom with a feeling of convulsive contraction of the rectum and its sphincter, while defecation does not occur, but sometimes lumps of mucus can be released.
Light and short-lived diarrhea has little effect on the general condition of patients, severe and chronic lead to exhaustion, hypovitaminosis, pronounced changes in the organs.
Diagnostics
To establish the cause of diarrhea, feces are examined. The severity of diarrhea is judged by the speed of passage (advancement) through the intestine of carbolene (the appearance of a black color of feces after taking carbolene by the patient after 2-5 hours instead of the normal 20-26 hours) or barium sulfate on X-ray examination.
Treatment
Aimed at eliminating the cause of the diarrhea. For example, with hypovitaminosis, appropriate vitamins are prescribed, with gastric achilia, gastric juice or its substitutes are prescribed, in case of pancreatic insufficiency - pancreatin or panzinorm, festal, etc.
As fluid is lost with diarrhea, it is necessary to immediately begin to compensate for its loss. For this, salt solutions are recommended, which are prepared by dissolving one sachet of a mixture of salts in 0.5 liters of clean drinking water, pre-boiled and cooled. The Finnish drug "Regidron" has proven itself very well, which contains sodium chloride 3.5 g, sodium citrate 2.9 g, potassium chloride 2.5 g, glucose 10 g. "Glucosan" (sodium chloride 3.5 g, sodium bicarbonate 2.5 g, potassium chloride 1.5 g, glucose 20 g) and "Citroglucosan" (sodium chloride 1.5 g, potassium chloride 1.25 g, sodium citrate 2-water - 1.45 g, glucose 7.5 g). Every 12-24 hours, a fresh solution of salts should be made, the prepared solution should not be boiled.
For diarrhea not associated with infection, a sparing diet is shown (frequent fractional meals, restriction of carbohydrates, refractory fats of animal origin), while thorough chewing of food is recommended.
Calcium carbonate, bismuth preparations, tanalbin are used as symptomatic agents.
In case of diarrhea, the following collections of medicinal plants have an anti-inflammatory, astringent and antiseptic effect:
1. Blueberries (berries) - 20.0;
peppermint (leaves) - 20.0;
snake mountaineer (rhizome) - 20.0;
chamomile (flowers) - 30.0.
The infusion is taken warm 3-4 times a day for 0.5 cups 20-30 minutes before meals.
2. Erect cinquefoil (rhizome) - 10.0; immortelle (flowers) - 20.0;
cumin (fruits) - 20.0; blueberry (berry) - 20.0; sage (leaves) - 30.0.
The infusion is taken in 0.5 cups 2-3 times a day 15-20 minutes before meals.
3. Bird cherry (fruit) - 60.0;
blueberry (berry) - 40.0.
Take 1/4 - 1/2 cup of broth 3-4 times a day.
4. Gray alder (seed) - 70.0;
snake mountaineer (rhizome) - 30.0.
Take 1/4 - 1/2 glass of infusion 3-4 times a day.
5. Erect cinquefoil (rhizome) - 20.0;
snake mountaineer (rhizome) - 80.0.
Take 1/3 - 1/2 glass of infusion 3-4 times a day.
For diarrhea caused by dysbiosis, drugs are prescribed that normalize the intestinal microflora: colibacterin, lactobacterin, bifikol, bifidumbacterin.
If you suspect cholera, salmonellosis, food toxicoinfection, patients are subject to immediate hospitalization in the infectious diseases department.
Folk remedies for diarrhea
1. Dried films of chicken stomachs. When cutting a chicken carcass, wash the stomach, separate the film from it. Rinse it in cold water and put to dry on a clean sheet of paper (the next day it will dry). In case of diarrhea, crush the film of a chicken stomach into powder and take 1/2 - 1 teaspoon 2 times a day with water. Store films in a box in a cool dry place.
2. Decoction of dried pears (has a fixing effect).
3. Starch solution. Dissolve 1 teaspoon of starch in 1/2 cup of cold boiled water. Can be cooked as a jelly, slightly sweetened. Take a glass 2-3 times a day.
4. Tincture of walnut partitions. Chop 300 g of walnuts and remove the partitions that separate the parts of the kernel. Pour them with 250 ml of 70-degree alcohol and leave for 3 days. Adults take 6-10 drops, diluted with boiled water, 3 times a day, children are not recommended.
5. Infusion of dry pomegranate peel. Pour 1 teaspoon of dry pomegranate peel with 1 glass of water. Boil for 10-15 minutes, insist, wrapped, 2 hours, drain.
Take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day before meals, for small children - 1 teaspoon.
6. Rice porridge, boiled in water, hard-boiled without salt, (recommended for both adults and children).
7. Rice broth (recommended for diarrhea in children). Pour 6-7 cups of water over 1 teacup of washed rice, put on low heat and boil.
Cool the resulting broth, strain and give the child 1/3 cup every 2 hours.
Diet for diarrhea and indigestion
- bread in the form of crackers from 200 g of wheat bread made from premium flour; other baked goods are excluded;
- soups on low-fat low meat, fish broth with the addition of mucous broths of cereals (pearl barley, semolina, rice), boiled and mashed meat, steamed dumplings, meatballs, egg flakes;
- meat and poultry - lean and lean varieties of beef, veal, turkey in the form of cutlets, dumplings, meatballs boiled in water; boiled meat soufflé;
- fish - low-fat varieties of fresh fish, boiled in water or steam, in the form of meatballs, cutlets or a piece;
- dairy products - freshly cooked calcined cottage cheese or unleavened grated cottage cheese, whole milk and other dairy products are excluded;
- eggs - 1-2 soft-boiled or in the form of a steam omelet;
- cereals - pureed porridge in the water (rice, oatmeal, buckwheat);
- vegetables - only in the form of decoctions added to soups;
- snacks are excluded;
- drinks - tea, especially green, black coffee and cocoa on water; diluted fruit juices from berries and fruits, except for grapes, plums, apricots.