None of the parents can fully protect their children from all kinds of diseases, but all parents can significantly reduce the likelihood of their occurrence. For this, the practice of vaccination has been used for many years. Vaccinations are usually given only against the most common and dangerous diseases. For example, the DPT vaccine protects against diseases such as whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. These diseases are difficult for children and are dangerous with the possibility of complications. With the DPT vaccine, a weakened virus enters the child's body, with which the immune system in most cases easily copes and in the future, when the body faces a real danger, it will be able to fight back the causative agent of the disease with which it is already familiar. Many mothers are afraid to get this vaccine, as it often causes complications, and is also the first serious vaccination in a baby's life.
DTP vaccination occurs in four stages. The first vaccination is done at two or three months, the second not earlier than a month later, the third one or two months later, and the fourth one one year after the third. Domestic DPT vaccines can only be used for children under the age of four. If a child has not completed the DTP vaccination course at the age of four, ADS vaccines are used that are suitable for children under the age of six. Foreign DPT vaccines have no age restrictions.
Special preparation for the DPT vaccination is not required, except in cases where the child has a tendency to allergic reactions.
Possible complications and consequences after DPT vaccination
DTP vaccination, like everyone else, is associated with a restructuring of the immune system and the manifestation of small side symptoms, after its use, is considered normal. Although in many cases, modern vaccinations do not cause side effects and do not bother the child in any way. It should be noted that there are no absolutely safe vaccinations, so a small likelihood of complications is possible even with the use of the most modern vaccines.
The first reaction that can be detected after a DPT vaccination is a lump and redness or rash at the injection site. Redness can reach up to 8 cm in diameter. A slight swelling after DPT vaccination is considered the most common manifestation. It appears immediately after the injection and lasts for 2-3 days. Also, after DPT, the child's temperature may rise, both low (37.8 ° C) and high (up to 40 ° C), it all depends on the degree of the body's reaction to the vaccine. In the first three days, pains are possible at the site of the swelling, which persist for two days.
Possible reactions to the DPT vaccine:
- Weak reaction... The child's temperature, in this case, does not exceed 37.5 ° C and there is a slight deterioration in the general condition.
- Average reaction... With such a reaction, the temperature does not exceed 38.5 ° C.
- Strong reaction... The general condition of the child is noticeably deteriorated, the temperature exceeds 38.5 ˚С.
Also, the temperature can be accompanied by such side effects as impaired appetite, vomiting, diarrhea. In some cases, after DTP vaccination, coughing fits are observed, it, as a rule, is a manifestation of the whooping cough strain that is part of DTP.
Basically, all side reactions last no more than two to three days, so if a symptom lasts longer, you should look for other causes of its occurrence. To avoid confusion between the response to vaccination and to food, it is not recommended to introduce new complementary foods a couple of days before and after vaccination.
It is worth noting that, despite the possibility of side effects, the DPT vaccination must be done, since the consequences of whooping cough, tetanus or diphtheria are many times worse.
Consequences of DTP vaccination
What you need to know about DTP
The DPT vaccine should not be administered if:
The child had convulsions that are not the result of high temperatures;
- he is in a state of neurological progressive process.
Vaccination can be carried out after the end of the exacerbation of nervous or allergic diseases. Children who suffer from kidney, heart, and liver diseases should be vaccinated first of all, since refusal can lead to dire consequences. Before each vaccination, and there are three of them, you need to prepare the child. A few days before the procedure, you can give him antiallergic drugs and take immunological tests. Also, it will not be superfluous to visit a neurologist.
Benefits of DPT vaccination
All of these diseases are very dangerous. Even if intensive treatment helps to overcome the disease itself, there is no guarantee that the disease will not affect the further development of the fragile organism. Unfortunately, the probability of these diseases cannot be 100% excluded. But the disease will pass without complications and, most importantly, without consequences.
Consequences of DTP vaccination
Redness may appear at the vaccination site, which in no case should be warmed up. It is also not recommended to touch the seal. Don't worry if the redness goes away within a month. A pea-sized seal is considered normal.
Another side effect is fever, which is considered a normal reaction to this vaccine. But the permissible rate is 37 ° C. The temperature above the indicated one should cause concern; the help of a doctor is required here. Some people mistakenly think that coughing is also a side effect after vaccination. Most likely, the child's immunity is simply reduced.
How to avoid consequences after DPT vaccination
All complications after DPT are divided into general and local. Regardless of how the child's body tolerates the vaccination, an antipyretic agent can be given two hours after the procedure. If the child is on breastfeedingthen it is better not to change the mother's diet. It is imperative to limit the child's contact with strangers for several days. It is advisable to spend more time in the fresh air and give your child plenty of fluids.
If, nevertheless, the child has a fever and redness appears at the injection site, an antihistamine can be given. Some associate side effects with the presence of a pertussis component in DTP. You need to call a doctor if the temperature reaches +40 C, the redness of the skin is increased, and the child has convulsions. Summing up, it should be noted that experts consider mild reactions to vaccination to be a completely acceptable phenomenon. In the absence of DPT vaccinations, the consequences can be very serious.
Controversy over DPT and polio vaccinations has been going on for many years. There is no more controversial medical question for parents. Opinions and reviews regarding the introduction of DTP and polio vaccines are sometimes completely different. Many parents are against it, and health workers insist categorically. What is the dispute about?
What a shot, why risk a child?
The adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine is free of charge, according to the compulsory medical insurance policies in Russian medical institutions, children receive this particular drug.
DTP - the name from the international nomenclature also reflects the purpose of the toxoid:
- Diphtheria (diphtheria),
- Tetanus (tetanus),
- Pertussis ().
It seems that these terrible childhood diseases are in the past and will not affect us. But, unfortunately, diseases do not die out like mammoths. They only become more rare. But the episodes are recorded, and this does not exclude the possible development of the epidemic.
In recent years, in Russia, cases of the disease are rare - they are registered from 1 to 20 per year. The real danger of becoming infected is noted in relation to whooping cough, the number of children who contract it is from 2000 to 7000 per year.
Whatever the supporters and opponents of the introduction of vaccines of adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and poliomyelitis say, the main question facing parents is the choice of the lesser evil. And in this case, the danger from the drug that has entered the body is several times lower than the consequences of infections.
If the parents decide to minimize the possible negative consequences, then it is more rational to choose acellular drugs (Pentaxim, Infarix). They differ from whole-cell ones (DPT, Tetrakok) in better tolerance.
When and how many times to be vaccinated?
In Russia, there is a vaccination schedule approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
The first time vaccinations for children with DPT and poliomyelitis are carried out at 3 months. According to the plan, the child is given injections of the adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and poliomyelitis 3 times during the first year of life:
- at 3 months,
- at 4.5 months,
- at 6 months (the third administration of the adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and poliomyelitis completes the vaccination).
At the first and third vaccinations (at 3 and 6 months), DPT, polio and hepatitis are given together.
Revaccinations
- at 18 months - DTP,
- 20 months - polio,
- at 7 years old - diphtheria and tetanus (ADS-M),
- 14 years old - the same as 7 years old + polio.
Adults need to be aware of prevention. They undergo revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus every 10 years (ADS-M).
Which child is “suitable” for vaccination
The basic rule is to administer the vaccine to a healthy baby. Strict adherence to it will minimize the child's possible reaction to DPT and poliomyelitis.
Mandatory examination by a pediatrician, without this, not a single clinic or private medical institution will give an injection.
Which "does not fit"
Unhealthy child is "not suitable" for toxoid injection. Everything is relative here. Contraindications for DTP vaccination hepatitis poliomyelitis can be strict (absolute) and not strict, usually temporary (relative).
Relative contraindications
- Chronic diseases in the acute stage. Do not earlier than a month after the disappearance of all symptoms.
- Infectious diseases. Withstand a period of 1 week to 1 month (according to the doctor's decision) from the moment the symptoms disappear.
- Family stress and infections. These factors worsen the response after receiving DPT and polio vaccines.
Absolute contraindications
- Severe reaction to last vaccination (temperature rise above 39.5 ° C or convulsions).
- Neurological disorders.
- Allergy to the vaccine.
- Severe congenital immunity disorders.
- Tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria. If the child has already suffered them, then in this case, DTP is not done, but ADS or ADS-m is administered.
And here is what Dr. Komarovsky thinks about this.
10 steps to get vaccinated or what your doctor should check
- Temperature.
- Throat.
- The condition of the skin.
- Listen to the heart.
- Listen to the lungs.
- Feel the lymph nodes.
- View the medical card for contraindications.
- See the results general analysis blood.
- Read the results of the urinalysis.
- Take into account the conclusion of the neuropathologist.
What are the consequences after vaccination?
Almost a third of children have, to one degree or another, the consequences of DPT and poliomyelitis vaccination.
It is important to distinguish between side effects and complications. The first of them go away on their own, and the second provoke diseases.
Common reactions after the body receives DPT and polio vaccines: baby? What do X-shaped feet lead to?
You can correctly evaluate the results of the Mantoux test at home on your own, you can learn more about this.
Why the child's eye hurts, itches, turns red and swells up is told.
What to do before and after vaccination?
Before
- Give an antihistamine 2–3 days as directed by your doctor.
- If fever and convulsions were previously observed, then give analgesics-antipyretics before the injection.
After
- Take an antihistamine for 2-3 days as directed by your doctor.
- Monitor the temperature for up to 5 days.
- Do not wet the injection site on the day of injection.
The big question is whether to go outside for a few days after vaccination? The golden mean of behavior is to be in the fresh air (if the temperature for the DPT and polio vaccination has not risen), but at the same time try to avoid contact with other people (for several days the immunity will be weak).
Normal and abnormal reactions
Vaccination is essentially a microinfection. It is completely normal that the administration of the adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and poliomyelitis elicit a response in the body.
The reaction after DPT and polio vaccination is manifested in the form of passing without a trace of side effects (for example, diarrhea after DPT and polio) - not a cause for concern.
Desirable after the injection, be in a medical facility for an hour... Then, in case of complications, the child will be guaranteed prompt assistance. This rule must be observed not only during the first vaccination, but also during subsequent ones.
More serious consequences in the form of complications usually arise under the influence of the pertussis cells that make up the cells.
Complications after DPT vaccination and poliomyelitis
- severe allergies, anaphylactic shock, Quincke's edema (usually manifest within half an hour),
- hyperthermia (up to 39.5 ° C and above),
- cramps at normal body temperature,
- a decrease in pressure, which can lead to a deterioration in the blood supply to important organs,
- disorders of the central nervous system.
Both the health workers and the parents are guilty.
The medical institution provokes complications:
- improper storage of toxoid;
- violation of the injection technique.
There is some parental fault if, in relation to vaccination:
- background of infection was not considered;
- no contraindications were taken into account;
- rules were not followed.
Heat. When to panic?
Maintaining an elevated temperature for up to 5 days after DPT vaccinations and polio is a common problem. But she is not a cause for panic.
What if the temperature rises after the vaccine was administered?
Those parents who know the answer to the question of what to do after being vaccinated with DPT and polio, know in advance how to behave, act calmer and more correctly.
5 basic rules for temperature after vaccination
- It is not necessary to knock it down to 37.5-37.8 ° C.
- Closer to 38 ° C (especially before bedtime) - give rectal suppositories.
- Above 38 ° C - antipyretic in liquid form. If Paracetamol and Ibuprofen do not work, give Nimesulide.
- Give plenty of fluids. The higher the readings on the thermometer, the more important it becomes to use rehydration solutions (Regidron, Regidron Bio, Electrolyte, etc.).
- If your own measures did not bring results or convulsions began, be sure to call an ambulance.
This article talks about, doctors' comments and parent reviews.
As a conclusion
Should I get adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus pertussis and poliomyelitis? Reviews and medical practice confirm its possible danger.
But vaccinating children is the only sure way to protect against infections. Careful application and use of imported analogs will minimize risks.
In contact with
The DPT vaccination is one of the most important; it is given to a child in the first year of life. This vaccine protects your little one from three deadly diseases: diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus. How does the vaccine work and what happens in the body after it is administered?
General information about the vaccine
DPT is an adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus pertussis vaccine. The drug is a white-yellow suspension that does not contain impurities. During long-term storage, the suspension is divided into two components: a clear white liquid and a loose suspension that breaks up when shaken.
The vaccine contains three components:
- diphtheria toxoid (15 PU);
- tetanus toxoid (5 EC);
- pertussis microbial cells (10 billion).
Aluminum hydroxide and formaldehyde act as auxiliary substances.
The DPT vaccine is designed to protect children from three known diseases: whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. After the introduction of vaccinations, infant mortality from these diseases decreased several times. Why are these infections dangerous, why a special vaccination scheme has been developed against them?
Diphtheria is dangerous infectionaffecting the oropharynx, larynx and other parts respiratory system... The disease is known for its extremely severe course and high risk lethal outcome. There are fulminant forms of diphtheria, in which death occurs within 24 hours. Against the background of the disease, severe complications are possible in the form of infectious-toxic shock and damage to internal organs. Practically resistant to antibiotic treatment. For therapy, a special anti-diphtheria serum is used.
Whooping cough is a childhood illness, the main symptom of which is a severe, spasmodic cough. During an attack, seizures and brain damage are possible. In children of the first years of life, the disease is very difficult with the development of apnea (respiratory arrest). More often children under the age of 7 are ill.
Tetanus is a serious infectious disease characterized by damage to the nervous system and the development of generalized seizures. Without treatment, the disease is often fatal. Even with recovery, many patients develop serious complications. Children of any age and adults are ill.
The DPT vaccine is designed to protect children from developing all three serious infections. With the introduction of the drug, specific immunity against these diseases is formed. Immunity lasts 10 years, after which revaccination is required. Adults are also given the DPT vaccine at a given age.
Vaccination schedule
The DPT vaccination is done repeatedly throughout life. The Ministry of Health approved the following vaccination schedule for children:
- first vaccination - 3 months;
- second vaccination - 4.5 months;
- third vaccination - 6 months.
These three approaches represent the primary course of vaccination. It is important to administer the drugs at least 45 days apart. You cannot shorten the specified interval. If it is necessary to increase the timing, the next vaccination should be done in the near future, as soon as the child's condition allows the vaccination to be resumed.
Revaccination is carried out once at the age of 18 months. If the timing of drug administration was violated at the initial stage, the fourth vaccination is given 12 months after the third vaccination.
DPT is given only to children under the age of 3 years 11 months and 29 days. If the baby has not completed the full course of vaccination before the specified age, then it is continued using the ADS vaccine. This medication does not contain pertussis and can be used in children aged 4 years to 5 years 11 months and 29 days. After 6 years, the ADS-M drug is included in the vaccination schedule (with a reduced dosage of administered substances).
When can adults be boosted? For schoolchildren, the last vaccination is given at the age of 14. All adults are required to undergo booster vaccinations every 10 years throughout their lives. This is necessary so that the body constantly maintains the optimal level of protective antibodies that can cope with the disease.
Record all vaccinations in the vaccination card so as not to miss the next routine vaccination.
Important aspects of vaccination
There are several important points that you should pay attention to when setting up a DPT vaccine:
Place of vaccination
Any vaccination should be given to the child in a specialized medical institution. This can be a children's clinic, a vaccination center, or a private clinic licensed for this type of activity. The drug is administered by a specially trained health workerwith the skills to vaccinate children. The vaccination room should also have all the necessary means to provide emergency care to the patient when he develops unwanted adverse reactions.
The suitability of the drug
Before staging the vaccine, it is imperative to check the expiration date of the administered drug. You also need to assess the integrity of the ampoule and appearance suspension.
The following vaccines are not permitted for use:
- with an expired shelf life;
- with no marking;
- with cracks and other damage to the ampoule;
- when the physical properties of the suspension change (unusual color, the presence of insoluble impurities).
Interchangeability of drugs
There are several analogues of the domestic DPT vaccine: "Pentaxim" and "Infanrix". All of these drugs are interchangeable and can be used to prevent these diseases. There is no need to stick to the same drug throughout the entire vaccination period. It should only be taken into account that "Pentaxim" also protects against poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae. The composition of Infanrix does not differ from the composition of the classic DPT vaccine.
Injection site
Every parent asks the question: where is the vaccination for the child placed? According to WHO recommendations, for all young children, the drug is injected only into the front outer surface of the thigh - in the place where the muscle tissue is most developed. Children over 6 years of age, adolescents, and adults can get the vaccine in the shoulder or other area that contains a lot of muscle.
Contraindications
As with any vaccine, the DPT vaccination has its own contraindications:
- severe progressive diseases of the nervous system;
- seizures not associated with fever;
- severe adverse reactions to previous use of the drug;
- complications after a previous vaccination.
Strong reactions include:
- body temperature above 40 ° C in the first two days after vaccination;
- swelling, redness and induration more than 8 cm in size at the injection site.
For any such reaction, the DTP vaccine is not allowed. For more information on the possibility of vaccination, contact your doctor.
Temporary contraindications to vaccination:
- body temperature above 37 ° C;
- signs of acute respiratory infection (runny nose, lacrimation, cough);
- symptoms of any other acute illness;
- exacerbation of chronic pathology;
- an allergic disease in the acute stage;
- immunodeficiency states.
All these contraindications are relative. The final decision is made after the examination of the child by the attending physician. If necessary, the baby is sent to the immunological commission, where qualified specialists assess the condition of the child and give their permission for vaccination. If a decision is made to postpone vaccination until recovery, doctors draw up a withdrawal from vaccination for a certain period.
Side effects
DPT is one of the hardest drugs used to vaccinate children. It is reactions to this drug that become the reason for the massive refusal of parents to vaccinate. What happens in a child's body after DPT vaccination?
Possible adverse reactions to vaccination:
- high body temperature;
- general weakness, drowsiness;
- loss of appetite;
- vomiting and diarrhea;
- swelling, redness, and induration at the injection site.
Most children have mild to moderate reactions to the vaccine. Within 3 days, the body temperature rises to 37.5-39.5 ° C. Against the background of fever, weakness, lethargy, and drowsiness occur. The kid is restless, does not sleep well, refuses to eat. Some children react with a single vomiting or stool breakdown. These reactions are considered completely normal and do not require any special treatment.
After vaccination, adverse reactions are often observed at the injection site. Most children experience mild to moderate swelling and skin redness. The seal can reach up to 8 cm in size. This reaction occurs immediately after vaccination and lasts for 3 days. There is no treatment.
If the seal is more than 8 cm in diameter, be sure to consult a doctor!
In some children, local and general reactions are manifested quite violently. Their body temperature rises to 40 ° C and above, and a noticeable deterioration in general condition is also noted. At the injection site, a seal of more than 8 cm in diameter appears, pronounced swelling and redness of the skin is noted. Such a reaction is considered excessive and requires immediate professional assistance.
All parents are concerned about the question, how long does the seal on the skin last and how long does the high body temperature last? Fever usually subsides within 2–3 days. Throughout this time, the baby may remain generally weak. Compaction and redness on the skin can last up to 3-5 days, after which it gradually subsides.
After DPT vaccination, children often experience allergic reactions in the form of a skin rash. Most often, this problem is faced by parents whose babies suffer from some form of allergy. The risk of an adverse reaction also increases in children with a hereditary predisposition to allergies. The second and third vaccinations are more likely to cause an allergic reaction than the first vaccine.
How long does an allergic skin rash last? Usually, allergy manifestations persist no more than 3-5 days. Skin rashes and itching go away much faster with antihistamines. The dosage and frequency of administration of antiallergic drugs should be checked with the pediatrician.
Situations in which you need to urgently call a doctor:
- body temperature has risen above 39.5 ° C;
- hardening of the skin at the injection site more than 8 cm;
- severe anxiety and continuous crying of the child for 3 hours or more;
- severe allergic reaction.
Complications
When parents refuse to vaccinate with the DPT vaccine, they first of all fear the development of serious complications. How can the introduction of the drug affect the health of the child?
Possible complications after DPT vaccination:
- severe allergies (anaphylactic shock, common, Quincke's edema);
- generalized convulsions;
- strong shrill cry;
- encephalitis (brain damage);
- neurological disorders of a different nature.
The complication rate is currently quite low. There are 1 to 3 cases of serious side effects per 100,000 vaccinated children. The frequency of these adverse reactions is much lower than the likelihood of severe illness and death from diphtheria, whooping cough, or tetanus.
Preparing for vaccination
The DPT vaccine is the most severe of all vaccinations. It is she who gives the greatest number of adverse reactions and complications among children. To reduce the risk of side effects, pediatricians advise preparing the baby for the upcoming vaccination. How to prepare your child for the DPT vaccine?
Pediatricians offer the following scheme.
- Children suffering from allergic diseases should be given 2-3 days before vaccination. The choice of drug and its dosage should be discussed with your doctor.
- On the day of vaccination, you need to especially carefully monitor the condition of the child. You can only vaccinate against the background of complete well-being. If the baby has a fever or signs acute infection, vaccination should be postponed for some time.
- Immediately after the vaccination, you can give the child an antipyretic agent (syrup or rectal suppositories) for prophylactic purposes. If the vaccination is not the first and the baby suffered well from the previous vaccination, you can do without the use of drugs.
- Throughout the first day, you need to carefully monitor the child's condition. If you feel well, you can walk with your baby, but it is better not to go far from home. You should avoid visiting crowded and noisy places on the first day after the injection of the drug.
- Immediately before vaccination, the baby should be examined by a pediatrician. The doctor measures the child's body temperature and assesses his general condition. If the doctor gives permission for the vaccination, the mother and the baby are sent to the vaccination room, where the selected drug is injected. After vaccination, you should spend at least half an hour in the hall and observe the child's condition.
Observation after vaccination
DTP vaccination is a serious test for the baby's immune system. During the first three days after vaccination, the child should be under constant supervision of the parents. Body temperature should be measured under the arm or rectally at least 3 times a day. With moderate fever, there is no need to give your baby antipyretic drugs. If the temperature rises above 38.5 ° C, it can be brought down in any way possible.
Discuss the dosage and frequency of antipyretic medications with your doctor beforehand.
How long does the high temperature last? Usually no more than 3 days. Many children feel well within 24 hours of vaccination. During this period, babies require increased attention. Babies are asking for hands, older children are capricious and cry about every occasion. This condition is a normal reaction to vaccination. Parents just need to be patient and give their baby as much attention and care as possible.
During the first three days, you do not need to feed the baby against his will. On the background high temperature many children refuse to eat. Let the food for the first three days be light and satisfying, but not too abundant. Babies who are breastfed should not be restricted from sucking. Let the baby breastfeed as often as he wants.
When can I walk after vaccination? There are no particular restrictions here. If the child feels well, you can walk on the very first day. If the baby's temperature rises and the condition worsens, the walk should be postponed until complete recovery.
Where is the best place to walk with a vaccinated child? For walks, you should choose calm, quiet and not too crowded places. You can walk in the park, in the forest or in the yard. In summer, you should not leave your home at the peak of solar activity - from 11 to 15 hours. In hot weather, overheating can adversely affect the condition of the child and worsen the state of health after vaccination. It is better to walk with your baby in the morning or evening, when the sun is not so active.
After vaccination, you should not visit crowded places - the risk of catching a cold or flu is too high. The baby's immunity is already under great strain, and there is no need to add tests to him. Any infection against the background of a recently delivered vaccine can be difficult and be accompanied by the development of various complications.
Despite all the difficulties, the DPT vaccine is the best way to protect a child from developing dangerous diseases. Before vaccination, it is imperative to weigh all risk factors, as well as assess the child's condition and find out possible contraindications. If you have any doubts or questions, you should seek the advice of your doctor.
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The introduction of any vaccine to a baby is, first of all, the excitement of parents for the state of their child. No one can predict how a newborn will react to an unknown drug. It is difficult to predict the possible consequences of such assistance to an unprotected organism.
Vaccination is one of the most allergenic and difficult to tolerate. A rare mother will not complain to the doctor about a change in the child's mood or well-being after the introduction of this substance. What complications can be expected after DPT vaccination? How can I help my child cope with adverse reactions?
Why children react hard to DPT
This vaccine contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids that protect the body from these infections. But the reaction in most cases is caused by another component - killed whooping cough microbes.
The first DPT vaccine is given to a child at three months - this is the time when the natural protection that the baby got with his mother's milk begins to weaken. Therefore, vaccination in most cases coincides with a decrease in the child's own protective capabilities. Together with this, an important event is the introduction of foreign cells, even if they are inanimate, because of which vaccination leads to undesirable consequences in children from DPT vaccination. Their body often responds with various reactions to the introduction of such foreign cells.
Who should have a medical outlet?
In what cases is the DPT vaccine not given? There are absolute contraindications when immunization is not carried out due to developing diseases or severe reactions to the components of the drug. There are temporary contraindications when doctors recommend delaying vaccination for several days.
Why is DTP vaccination dangerous? - it temporarily reduces immunity. This is normal and is relatively well tolerated when the child is completely healthy. But if the day before the vaccination, the child's temperature even slightly increased (above 37 ºC) - inform the doctor about it, because such a symptom may indicate the onset of infection. Ask for a referral for a detailed blood test to determine if the drug can be administered to the baby. This is one of the most effective ways to avoid unwanted complications of the DPT vaccine.
What are the complications of DPT vaccination
Reactions and complications to the introduction of DPT are divided into two main groups:
- local or local, which are observed at the injection site;
- general, when the whole body reacts with malaise, fever and other changes in well-being.
How long the reaction to the DPT vaccination lasts depends on the body's immune capabilities, as well as on compliance with the regimen and rules for administering the drug. For example, body temperature rises in different ways, as a result of which they are distinguished:
- weak vaccination reaction when the temperature does not exceed 37.5 ºC;
- average reaction with an increase in body temperature up to 38.5 ºC;
- strong if the temperature exceeds 38.5 ºC.
How long does the temperature last after DPT vaccination? Normally, such a reaction of the body quickly passes within one or two days, but there are protracted reactions. They may depend on many concomitant factors - the addition of an acute viral or bacterial infection, the development of an allergic reaction.
What are the complications of the DPT vaccine? Each child reacts differently. The main rule that parents should follow is not to listen to other families about previous complications and drug reactions.
Local body reactions
What are the local complications of DPT administration?
General reactions of the child's body to DPT
They are varied in nature. The body's reactions are divided into four large groups:
- toxic reactions;
- damage to the nervous system;
- complications due to incorrect injection technique;
- severe allergic manifestations.
Let's dwell a little more on each of them.
One more group of complications can be distinguished - this is the addition of a concomitant infection after administration of the drug. A cough after DPT vaccination, sore throat, weakness and redness of the tonsils develop for several days if the child has had contact with an infected person before or after vaccination.
Diarrhea after DPT vaccination, nausea, vomiting, and weakness occur with the addition of an intestinal infection. The reason for this is the use of low-quality food.
Treatment of adverse reactions
To cope with the complications of the introduction of DPT, you need to consult with your doctor in advance about the possible consequences of vaccination and first aid to the child if they occur. In most cases, treatment is symptomatic and consists in prescribing familiar drugs to everyone.
How to avoid adverse reactions to DTP administration
The introduction of DPT is a load not only on the child's body, but also on loved ones. Nerves, fuss, running for drugs are not the most pleasant pastime for parents. To avoid this, you need to prepare in advance for the upcoming vaccination.
What are the analogues of DPT
As mentioned above, the most reactogenic component of DPT is whooping cough. Therefore, in order to reduce the likelihood of complications due to vaccination, you can use imported similar vaccines made using acellular pertussis component:
- Infanrix;
- Infanrix IPV with additional protection against poliomyelitis;
- "Pentaxim" is a five-component drug that includes, in addition to the above components, protection against Haemophilus influenzae.
Multi-component vaccines can be purchased on a paid basis at the local polyclinic at the request of the parents.
DTP vaccination protects a child from three dangerous diseases, which, before the start of an active fight against them, led to the development of severe conditions. Many complications of such protection can be avoided if you take care of their prevention in advance and be more attentive to your baby.
DPT is a compulsory vaccination given to children, adolescents and adults to protect against three life-threatening diseases. According to the decoding, DPT means - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine. Upon completion of the first course of vaccinations, immunity to diphtheria and tetanus is developed for about 10 years. The whooping cough vaccine can protect a person from this disease for 5-7 years.
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Vaccination
These diseases are especially dangerous for children under two years old, so the first such vaccination is done already in the second or third month of life.
Neither antiallergic nor antipyretic drugs affect the effectiveness of vaccination and the development of immunity.
Before the DTP vaccination, the child is examined for any diseases.
If the following symptoms or disorders are observed, the vaccine should not be given:
- pathology of the nervous system, epilepsy;
- convulsions with an increase in body temperature (in this case, the vaccine can be done without the pertussis component);
- diathesis (you can vaccinate after passing an exacerbation);
- recently transferred ARI;
- immunodeficiency.
Before starting the vaccination, the child should be examined by a neurologist for abnormalities in the development of the nervous system.
The DPT vaccine is not given to children who have:
- there was a severe allergic reaction to past DTP vaccines;
- developed a nervous system disease within seven days after a previous dose of DPT vaccine.
If you are faced with such a situation, doctors use a more gentle ADS vaccine, which does not contain pertussis pathogens that are difficult for the body.
The DPT vaccine can be given to any muscle tissue in children from six to seven years old and in adults. Most often, this vaccine is done in the shoulder area. For small children from two months old, it is recommended to be vaccinated only in the outer surface of the middle part of the thigh. This is due to the fact that in young children the muscles are better developed precisely on the thigh, there is the least amount of subcutaneous fat and blood vessels.
Consequences of DTP vaccination
Among all known vaccines, this vaccine is the most difficult, since the body is hard to tolerate it. This reaction is due to the pertussis component of the vaccine.
To transfer the vaccination without serious consequences, you can prepare the child for this vaccination in advance:
After vaccination, at best, side reactions do not appear, which indicates a good development of the immune system, however, negative changes are rarely:
- increased body temperature, moodiness of the child (in one of four children);
- pain, redness, and swelling of the vaccine site (in one in four children);
- vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite in a child (in one in ten children);
- lethargy, lethargy, and drowsiness (in one in ten children).
Usually, the temperature should not be brought down to 38 degrees, but this does not apply to the conditions of vaccination, therefore, when elevated temperature body need to give the child an antipyretic agent. Medical intervention is not required if all side symptoms disappear within two to three days after vaccination.
Redness and slight swelling can last up to 8-10 days. If it takes longer, you need to see a doctor.
There are a number of side effects that are extremely rare, but you should always be informed:
- severe allergic reactions to vaccine components (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock). Occurs in one child in a million;
- seizures outside of fever (one in 14,500 children);
- the injection site is severely swollen, more than 8-10 centimeters in circumference;
- body temperature is more than 39.5 degrees (one child in 15,000);
- strong crying of a baby for more than three hours (one in 1000 children). In this case, you should see a doctor, because there is a risk of dehydration.
If any consequences of vaccination appear, it is better to consult a doctor who will prescribe symptomatic therapy to eliminate it.
Vaccine administration schedule
The DPT vaccine is administered periodically throughout life and it begins in the first months of a child's life:
- at two to three months;
- at four to five months;
- at six months.
At the first stage of vaccination, it is important that the interval between primary vaccinations is at least 30 days. The next vaccination is given at 18 months. These four shots allow the body to defend itself well against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria.
The following vaccinations are given in order to keep the immune system active against these diseases:
- at six - seven years old;
- at the age of 14;
- every ten years - at 24, 34, 44, and so on.
As a booster vaccine, a cell-free pertussis vaccine is used, and it is called ADS.
If the DTP vaccination schedule was violated at any stage, it should be resumed from this place, as if nothing had happened. Remember that DPT is a difficult vaccine to tolerate and should be given to an absolutely healthy child. If your child is coughing or has a minor runny nose, postpone the vaccination for a while and be sure to show it to the doctor to avoid unpleasant consequences.