The snot is running down. Antibiotics for rhinovirus infection. Treatment of rhinopharyngitis according to Komarovsky

Posterior rhinitis (rhinopharyngitis) is a disease that is accompanied by inflammation of the tonsils, nasopharynx, often inflamed posterior lymphatic ring. The causes of the disease can be:

Bacterial infection (pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci).
Viral infection (ARVI, influenza, adenovirus).
Hypothermia.
Diathesis.
Common rhinitis that has not been properly treated.
Measles, scarlet fever.
Enlarged adenoids.
An allergy that has symptoms: sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, headaches, red eyes.
Certain medications.
Nasal anomalies, tumors.

The main signs of the disease

Posterior rhinitis at the initial stage is difficult to recognize. The patient thinks that he has a common cold, which disappears in acute form: it hurts to swallow, the nose is stuffy, the body temperature rises, the back of the nasopharynx becomes inflamed and sore. These are the symptoms of almost everyone colds... But after a while new signs of the disease join them, by which you can easily determine rhinitis of this type:

Group C streptococci appear to be a common cause of pharyngitis in high school students. Pharyngitis due to group A streptococci occurs most often in children between the ages of 5 and 15, usually in winter and early spring. In severe form, the disease begins suddenly with fever, sore throat, and singular phage. Sometimes chills appear headache and stomach pain. The exam reveals diffuse erythema of the pharynx and tonsils, accompanied by spotty, purulent tonsillitis and pharyngeal exudate, hypertrophy of lymphoid nodules in the posterior pharyngeal mucosa, and tender cervical lymphadenopathy.

Headache in the occiput.
Unpleasant sensations in the nasopharynx: burning, dryness, tingling.
Difficulty breathing through the nose.
Purulent mucous nasal discharge.
Ears may hurt and even hearing impairment.
Soreness of the cervical lymph nodes.
Shortness of breath, wheezing.
Constant swallowing.
Voice change, hoarseness.
Unpleasant, pungent odor from the mouth.
Vomiting urge.
Plaque on the tonsils, yellowish.

The main symptom of the disease is a feeling of accumulation of mucus in the nasopharynx. Slime runs down back wall pharynx, causing coughing. At night, when the patient is in a supine position, a large amount of mucus accumulates in the laryngopharynx, causing seizures severe cough... Such symptoms require immediate treatment for medical help, timely treatment will avoid complications.

Rhinorrhea and cough are usually absent but may occur. However, these dramatic manifestations are absent in many, perhaps most, cases of streptococcal pharyngitis. Other syndromes include the following. Anaerobic pharyngitis is a purulent exudate and often foul breath. This infection sometimes progresses to an abdominal abscess or septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Fever, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, and abdominal pain with or without diarrhea are common features. This illness can occur in the form of an outbreak due to ingestion of contaminated food or drink. Tularemia can manifest as typhoid pharyngitis due to inhalation of organisms that can occur with the skin of an infected rabbit. Kawasaki syndrome, a systemic vasculitis mainly affecting infants and early agemay manifest with fever and sore throat. Diffuse oropharyngeal erythema without exudate was found during the acute febrile phase of the disease. Other features include bilateral, unpaired conjunctivitis, fissured erythema, cracked and bleeding lips, strawberry tongue, swelling of the hands and feet with erythema of the palms and soles, and erythematous rash. Other causes of sore throat include juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, Behzet's disease, paraquat, and drug reactions.

What is the danger of the disease

The purpose of the nasal passages is to moisturize, purify, and heat the air that a person breathes, and to help detect taste and smell. The body of a healthy person usually secretes about 2 liters of mucus per day, which keeps the airways moist and clean. Special villi help the mucus move to the back of the throat, where it is swallowed reflexively (unconsciously).

The common cold is often accompanied by a sore throat, which is often the first symptom but is usually not the main complaint when patients seek medical attention. Rhinorrhea, post-nasal drainage, and cough are usually more severe symptoms than sore throat. Influenza sometimes presents as a sore throat as the main complaint, but is usually accompanied by other symptoms suggestive of flu, such as myalgia, headache, and cough. With pharyngitis due to a cold or flu, purulent pharyngeal or tonsillar exudates and tender cervical lymphadenopathy are absent. Tracheal reluctance may be present in the flu, indicating diffuse viral infection the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Adenoviral pharyngitis, on the other hand, often presents with a sore throat as the main complaint. Fever, chills, headache, malaise, and myalgias may be noticeable. One-third to half of patients with adenoviral pharyngitis also have follicular conjunctivitis; this syndrome is known as pharyngoconjunctival fever. Patients with adenoviral pharyngitis often have pharyngeal exudate, so the disease can mimic streptococcal pharyngitis. Pharyngoconjunctival fever epidemics occur during the summer months in civilians and in the winter months in recruits. Infectious mononucleosiscaused by the Epstein-Barr virus, causes exudative tonsillitis or pharyngitis in about half of cases. Tonsillar and pharyngeal exudates may be noticeable. When examined with Wright's spot, exudates of mononucleosis are composed primarily of mononuclear cells, in contrast to exudates of streptococcal pharyngitis, which are composed primarily of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Gentle cervical lymphadenopathy often manifests itself in the posterior triangles of the neck, in contrast to the prominent anterior nodular enlargements characteristic of bacterial pharyngitis. Patients with mononucleosis usually suffer from headaches, fatigue, and other features of the disease such as palpable splenomegaly. A peripheral blood smear usually exhibits lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis can also cause sore throat, but pharyngeal exudate is rare. Pharyngeal erythema may be noted, but exudates do not appear to occur. Fever, lethargy, arthralgia, and myalgia are commonly seen, and many patients have a non-patchy maculopapular rash. The herpes virus can cause pharyngitis, which can sometimes resemble viral or streptococcal pharyngitis. Vesicles and small ulcers in the palate indicate a herpetic etiology. They can be extensive and confluent, resulting in severe oral pain. It is characterized by small vesicles on the soft palate, uvula, and anterior tonsillar columns that rupture to form small white ulcers. Fever, sore throat, and dysphagia can be severe, and occasional patients experience anorexia and abdominal pain, indicating acute appendicitis. No distinctive features have been described. Diphtheria should be mentioned as it continues to cause occasional cases of pharyngitis in the United States in patients who have not been vaccinated. Classical diphtheria has a slow onset followed by marked systemic toxicity. A sore throat is usually not serious, despite finding a gray "pseudomembrane" adhering to the tonsillar and pharyngeal mucosa. Rarely can this disease mimic diphtheria. Fever is rarely seen, and severe sore throat with single phagia is uncommon. ... The nasopharynx is the caudal portion of the nasal cavity that connects nasal cavity with the larynx.

Posterior rhinitis provokes swelling of the nasal mucosa, so the villi cannot normally perform their useful function. As a result, the patient begins to breathe through the mouth, untreated dry air enters the respiratory tract. This is dangerous, as lower respiratory tract diseases (bronchitis, pneumonia) may occur, the treatment of which will take a long time.

It extends from the choana rostral to the intrapharyngeal foramen caudally. Choanas are fixed openings in the roof of the rostral aspect of the nasopharynx, on either side of the bone. The intrapharyngeal foramen is the opening of the nasopharynx above the caudal free border of the soft palate. Only its sex is mobile, and the rest of the nasopharynx moves little and remains patent. The pharyngeal tonsil is located in the nasopharynx, and the auditory or eustachian tubes open on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx through a 4 mm long slit dorsal to the middle of the soft palate, immediately rostral to a small mucosal cushion.

Timely therapy is the key to a quick recovery

Treatment of the disease is based on eliminating all the symptoms that bring discomfort and pain to the patient. Treatment should not be postponed, as serious complications may begin. You should not ignore the symptoms of the disease and prescribe medication for yourself, you must definitely contact a doctor who will competently determine the cause of the disease, and also prescribe effective drugs.

The inner opening is closed during swallowing to isolate the nasopharynx and nasal cavity from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx and prevent food and fluid reflux into the nasal cavity. Endoscopy can be viewed in the nasopharynx, pharynx, and larynx of cattle, and this should be done without sedation if possible. Xylazine is not recommended as it usually interferes with normal laryngeal function. Asepromazine is recommended if sedation is required.

The anatomy of the proximal respiratory tract in cattle differs from that of horses. The nasal septum does not completely separate the left and right aspects of the nasopharynx. In cattle, the nasal septum narrows caudodorsally, allowing both etymotourism to be observed from one side. The pharyngeal septum is in contact with the nasal septum and merges with the pharyngeal wall of the pharynx. The nasopharyngeal openings of the auditory tubes are visible. The appearance of the vocal cords is similar to that on a horse.

Treatment this disease requires a special approach and consists of several stages:

The use of drugs.
Physiotherapy.
General strengthening of the body.

The first step is to get rid of the excess mucus that rhinitis provoked. This can be accomplished by regularly flushing the nose with saline solutions and then blowing out excess mucus. The doctor will write out vasoconstrictor drops, which will relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and facilitate nasal breathing.

Cattle do not have a laryngeal sac, and the laryngeal ventricle is not visible rostral to the vocal cords. During endoscopy, the arytenoid cartilage is retained in a completely abducted position. The constriction of the pharynx during swallowing is accompanied by a rostroventral movement of the pharyngeal septum, completely covering the nasopharynx, which is different from the situation on a horse.

The nasopharynx is the part of the pharynx behind the nasal cavity. He has a hole in the Eustachian tube, and the young man has a nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoids. The opening of the Eustachian tube can be identified alive by looking at the prominent tubular eminence. The pipe hole is in front of the elevation. The salpingopharyngeal fold, produced by the muscle of the same name, extends downward from the tubal eminence.

Excess mucus must be removed not only to facilitate breathing, but also to prevent the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria that can spread the infection to the lower respiratory tract. As a result, rhinitis can be replaced by more serious diseases.

Enough effective remedy are oil drops that greatly facilitate breathing by moisturizing the back of the pharynx. Your doctor may prescribe antibacterial sprays to stop the excessive secretion of mucus running down the back of your throat.

The Eustachian tube can be blocked by enlargement of the adenoids in throat infections. This condition is common in children. The infection from here can spread to the middle ear through a tube. An early sign of malignant tumor in the nasopharynx may be deafness due to a blockage in the auditory tube. The tumor can also spread through the pharyngeal wall into the branches trigeminal nervethat lie directly outside the nasopharynx. The sensory innervation of the nasopharynx is connected with the maxillary nerve through the pharyngeal branch of the splenopalatin ganglion.

It is also important to get rid of plaque on the tonsils, which is an excellent medium for bacteria to accumulate and grow. It is enough to rinse your throat several times a day with a solution of furacilin, a decoction of herbs. Treatment in this case will pass faster, the infection from the throat and nasopharynx will be flushed out.

In order for the treatment to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to ventilate the house as often as possible, as well as to maintain optimal air humidity in the room. Such events will not allow the mucus to dry out, and the infection will not be able to go lower. In difficult cases, the doctor may prescribe antibacterial drugs.

The tonsillar layer is formed by the superior muscle of the joint. The main sensory innervation of the oropharynx is through the glossopharyngeal nerve. The amygdala has a rich blood supply. The surface of the tonsilling branch of the facial artery penetrates the superior constrictor. The parathonsilar vein, deep in the amygdala, is a common source of bleeding during tonsillectomy.

The hypopharynx has an opening for the larynx. The first expansion of the hypopharynx, which forms a dead end from the side of the larynx, is the pyro-shaped fossa. Malignant tumors arising in the gluteal fossa can be "silent" on early stages... This may not cause difficulty in swallowing as the space is a depression extending from the main pharyngeal cavity. Sensory innervation of the hypopharynx is carried out by the internal laryngeal nerve, a branch of the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve.

Prevention

For prevention, you must adhere to simple tips:

Do not overcool. Low temperature - a thermal irritant that provokes edema and causes rhinitis with mucus production.
Avoid damage to the nasopharynx, which can interfere with blood circulation.
Avoid allergens that irritate the nasopharyngeal mucosa, causing rhinitis and swelling.
To live an active lifestyle.
Walk regularly in the fresh air, take vitamin complexes.
It is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner if the symptoms of a common cold change to more serious ones.
It is important to practice good hand and oral hygiene. This will prevent infection from entering the mouth and nasopharynx and the back of the pharynx.

Posterior rhinitis is a disease that requires a special approach. If you miss the alarming symptoms indicating this ailment, the treatment may be delayed and require use antibacterial drugs, and sometimes hospitalization of the patient.

The nasopharynx is demarcated by the soft palate, which completely divides the pharynx into the nasal and oral compartments on the horse. Since the horse is a mandatory nasal breathing, it is critical that the soft palate remains ventral to the epiglottis to allow unobstructed nasal breathing. These pillars connect the dorsal to the larynx, forming the posterior pillar of the soft palate. Its tendon is reflected around the pterygoid hamula, where it is lubricated with bursa. The tendon then branches into the palatine aponeurosis.

Contraction of this muscle leads to a non-specific aponeurosis and therefore to the rostral portion of the soft palate, and thus suppresses this portion of the soft palate to the tongue. The muscles attach to the caudal aspect of the intolerable aponeurosis and terminate near the caudal free edge of the soft palate.

In children, this rhinitis is much more severe than in adults. This disease most often occurs if common rhinitis has not been properly treated or the disease has been started. You need to understand that only timely adequate treatment under the supervision of a doctor will help to avoid complications, because chronic rhinitis very often becomes the result of a running rhinitis.

The article is presented for informational purposes only. Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor only!

Snot accumulates not only in the nasal cavity. Every person at least once in his life has felt a lump in his throat that cannot be swallowed. This nasal discharge drains down the back of the larynx, causing discomfort. The symptom occurs in both an adult and a child, while snot flowing down the nasopharynx provokes a cough. The formation of mucous secretions is a consequence of the disease, therefore, before treating snot, it is important to identify the reasons that provoked them.

One of the functions of the respiratory organs (upper and lower) is to moisturize the mucous membrane. The epithelial cells located in them produce phlegm, which prevents the airways from drying out. In addition, snot has an antiseptic effect, eliminating pathogenic microorganisms and viruses.

When the body is in danger, the volume of mucous secretions increases. So the immune system reacts to an irritant and warns of the presence of an allergen or pathogenic microorganisms. There are two categories of reasons that cause sputum to drain down the back of the throat - non-infectious and infectious.

The first include household or allergic irritation of the mucous membrane:

frequent use of alcoholic beverages;
abuse of spicy, spicy, salty food;
regular smoking;
excessive intake of vasoconstrictor agents (the functionality of the nasal mucosa is impaired);
allergens can also provoke.

The causes of an infectious nature, due to which mucous secretions flow down the back wall of the larynx, are as follows:

chronic sluggish respiratory diseases;
ARVI, influenza and other viral, advanced colds;
sinusitis - frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis (the outflow of nasal secretion is difficult due to nasal congestion, so it flows into the larynx);
cystic-polyposis growths in the nose, adenoiditis.

If the nature of the disease is viral or non-infectious, the snot is transparent or white. indicate the addition of a bacterial infection, which is more difficult to treat.

The accumulated mucus, even in a healthy person, provokes a cough. Therefore, the appearance of the first unpleasant symptoms suggests that it is time to go to the doctor.

Why does a cough occur?

How to treat

Based on the reason, you need to consult an otolaryngologist, allergist, pulmonologist or gastroenterologist. The primary task is to eliminate snot from the nasopharynx. If the reason is bad habits, then try to give them up. Alcohol vapor and tobacco smoke are strong irritants to the nasal mucosa.

In adults

To avoid the accumulation of mucus, you need to regularly rinse the nasal cavity and gargle. Used for irrigation saline solution (a teaspoon of salt per liter of water). A weak solution of potassium permanganate, furacilin, baking soda and decoctions of medicinal herbs are also useful. The procedures moisturize and soften the nasal cavity accumulated in the nose and throat, improve their discharge.

If the pathology is provoked by a bacterial infection, drug therapy is prescribed along with washing. The doctor prescribes Augmentin, Amoxiclav or other medicines. To secure therapeutic effect recommend to take a course of physiotherapy.

During treatment, drink at least 2-2.5 liters of liquid per day.

In children

If snot collects in the baby's nasopharynx, it is likely an infection. The task of the parents is to create comfortable conditions for the baby:

normalize the temperature regime,
humidify the air,
eliminate possible allergens.

In a dry, warm, and even dusty room, the child's mucous membrane dries up, the snot becomes viscous, so their natural outflow worsens, they flow into the larynx.

The temperature regime for the baby is 20-22 ° C, and the humidity is at least 60%. Regular wet cleaning and airing the room are also important.

Just like adults, children are washed to liquefy mucus, but this procedure is permissible only when the child reaches the age of three. Before that, the baby should regularly drip saline solution into both nasal passages up to 5 times a day.

With a bacterial etiology of the disease, the snot becomes green, viscous. This will require a different treatment. The pediatrician prescribes Protargol, this drug is approved for use in children from an early age. Other antibacterial and corticosteroid agents are indicated only when a developing body is threatened with a pathological condition.

If you have alarming symptoms, see a doctor immediately, do not tempt fate - self-medication is dangerous.