The first vaccine to protect against hepatitis B is administered within the first 24 hours of a child's life according to the Russian national immunization schedule.
How does it work
The effect of the vaccination is based on the introduction into the body of the immunogenic protein of hepatitis B - HBs Ag, an artificially created antigen that is absolutely safe for newborns.
Why are some vaccines mandatory and others recommended or only recommended for others? The point is that there is no consensus in the scientific community on which vaccines should be mandatory and which are recommended: some ask that some mandatory vaccines be recommended, and who, instead, would like all to be mandatory. But each country is free to make different choices and change them over time, also depending on the civic feeling and awareness of its citizens.
For example, in the United States, vaccinations are not compulsory, but children cannot go to school if they are not vaccinated. In Italy, much of the controversy revolves around the hexavalent vaccine. The fact is that it is almost impossible to find doses for individual vaccines right now, because pharmaceutical companies that are not charitable organizations have decided not to make more of them due to a scarce market. But why then are vaccinations in Italy declining? Is it just a misinformation mistake and word of mouth on social media, or has the medical profession even made some mistakes? Even the medical profession has its drawbacks.
Two weeks later, antibodies begin to develop against the virus. Persistent immunity is fixed after three vaccinations according to the scheme with a probability of 99%. Usually a single vaccine is used, however, there are combined formulations containing antigens of several diseases.
How is it put
The vaccine is injected into a muscle in the anterior lateral thigh. Three-year-old children are vaccinated in the deltoid brachialis muscle. Vaccination is done in accordance with the schemes: 0-1-6 or 0-3-6 - at birth, 1 (3) months later and at 6 months.
Most serious of all is the provision of anti-vaccine doctors in public vaccination services: elsewhere, those who refuse to do their jobs will be kicked out. But even agencies should do more to inform citizens and actively promote vaccination, not just when cases happen.
In the public space, like a ghost, there is an uprising of a part of Bulgarian mothers who oppose compulsory vaccines. After the last case of a child who died in obscure circumstances and after vaccination, the subject began to sound again. Father Evgeny Sliven announced the mandatory vaccination and began to collect a petition against them. He himself is the father of 9 children, the last two of them are not vaccinated. If the vaccination law is changed, is it dangerous to vaccinate our children, we ask Father Eugene.
Children at risk receive an additional vaccine at 1 year of age. The group includes children born to mothers who are infected with the virus, have had hepatitis B during the third trimester, or have not been tested for the presence of the virus in their blood.
Do I need
Babies really need the hepatitis B vaccine. The majority of children who have had hepatitis in the first year of life are at risk of becoming a carrier of the virus.
Do you have 9 vaccinated children? There was a lot of information and a lot of data about how harmful vaccines are and that the only idea behind vaccines is to serve corporate interests and make money. The fact that someone is making money is not that interesting, the problem is what the vaccines themselves do. Unfortunately, there are such evil geniuses who have progressed to science that injection, which is now set to develop negative effects after decades. Absolutely, this is not a secret, this is a lot of indulgence, a person with big money and a lot of power has a desire to share this matter in general, apparently, Bill Gates wants to become the new Hitler.
- Unfortunately, 7 of my children are vaccinated.
- Only the last 2 have no vaccine.
- The problem is how they act on the human body and even on his psyche.
The child has a hard time tolerating the disease, cancer, cirrhosis, liver cancer develop, deaths are possible. The risk of infection is quite high: from an infected mother, through blood transfusions, dental procedures.
Is it possible not to get vaccinated if the mother has not detected the virus? You can, vaccinations are optional and compulsory. However, it should be borne in mind that sometimes even in infected and recovered mothers, the virus may not be detected during examination, but it is.
Christians should avoid this, because they are responsible for the soul and body, it is not only for ourselves, but also for our children. And children are the most valuable one can have in this world, no parent would like to feed children with poison or give them poison. The vaccine is banned in England and in many European countries, but since Bulgaria is an African country, this vaccine is being distributed in our country. Anything that damages human health should be avoided. ... Can you see the difference in incidence between your vaccinated and unvaccinated children?
Contraindications
It is forbidden to vaccinate a child with acute infectious, exacerbated chronic diseases, with allergies to substances in the vaccine, in particular to yeasts, a severe stage of immunodeficiency.
Effects
Children can easily tolerate the vaccine. No special preparation for vaccination is needed. However, due to the aluminum hydroxide in the vaccine, there are sometimes mild side effects.
From a health point of view, my unvaccinated children are healthier, better coping with viruses, there is still very little to say intellectually if there is a difference. The experience of others shows that a person has impairment and intelligence, because vaccines contain toxic preservatives - this inevitably affects the cerebral cortex and the nervous system of a person. Don't you think vaccines save many lives and the victims are lonely?
Danger of childhood infections
When there was a measles epidemic in Bulgaria, it turned out that half of the patients had been vaccinated. Purely mathematical calculations do not benefit human health. ... Do you stand against the position of doctors in this fight? How should the vaccination law be changed? Vaccines should not be mandatory, they should be left to the conscience of the parents, let them decide whether they want to or not, because now those who do not want to vaccinate their children do not receive child support, they cannot attend kindergarten, and schools that are truly discriminatory and therefore in need of change. What about your two children who are not vaccinated?
Perhaps at the site of vaccination, the skin will turn red, thicken, weakness will appear, headache, the temperature will rise slightly. Two days later, the symptoms will go away. Severe complications are extremely rare, expressed in the form of allergic reactions.
The current hepatitis B virus vaccines have been recognized by the medical community as effective and safe for children.
After this incident with a child in Stara Zagora, some media made a little noise and, thank God, this sick object was reopened. Associate Professor Atanas Mangarov, a vengeful vaccine advocate, said the child was given 15 shots, two shots were allocated to 5, and here we are not talking about 1, but 15 vaccines, imagine a small child weighing 5 pounds to receive 15 vaccines and start fighting them right away. This lowered his immune system to 0, and once he was blocked and his nose, here's one version of the fatal outcome. My second version is that the very substance that preserves the vaccine is very toxic, this could lead to brain inflammation, which the child received, which means complications and death. They say that 9 days have passed since the vaccine was placed, and therefore they say that the reason cannot be that, but the vaccine does not work for 9 days, but for many years. My advice is for parents to invite independent experts from abroad, because our experts can be easily manipulated if they want to find the truth about their child's death, that is my advice.
- Unfortunately, this was the life of a young child.
- With these 2 options, the problem comes from the vaccine.
3-7 days
From 3-7 days after birth, the child is injected with the BCG or BCG-M vaccine (against tuberculosis), the next revaccination will occur at 7, 14 years old.
How does it work
The drug is available in dry form. The vaccines contain weakened bovine tuberculosis bacteria. They will not be able to provoke a disease in a child, but they will allow the body to acquire an immunological memory of a collision with a pathogen. BCG-M composition was created for immunocompromised children, contains a reduced dose of bacteria.
My brother and I discussed the option of preparing a nationwide subscription against compulsory vaccinations, given the high incidence of serious vaccine consequences. We hope in God while we breathe, hope. ... Do you expect many supporters to help you with this?
Yes, thank God, there are reasonable people in Bulgaria who do not lend themselves to manipulation by influential people and people with big money. Do not take part in fruitless works of darkness, on the contrary, expose them, says St. Paul the Apostle, we will do it whoever has ears to hear. ... This figure will rise to about 9 billion. Now, if we really get to grips with the new vaccine, healthcare, reproductive health, we can reduce it by perhaps 10 or 15 percent!
How is it put
BCG or BCG-M is placed in the hospital, in the first week of a baby's life. The drug is preliminarily diluted with saline solution, which is included in the kit. The vaccination technique involves the precise introduction of the composition into the skin of the left shoulder. Vaccination is done with a tuberculin syringe (1 ml).
If the baby was not vaccinated at the hospital, the vaccination will take place at the clinic. A child up to two months old is vaccinated without a preliminary Mantoux test, the older child is injected with the vaccine only after taking a sample, but only with a negative reaction. No more than two weeks should pass from the moment of sampling.
Basic vaccinations for newborns and infants are performed with three doses of vaccine in a cycle similar to: 0; 1; 6 months. The first dose is given within 24 hours of birth, at the same time as the vaccination against tuberculosis. The second dose of the primary vaccination after 4-6 weeks from the previous one, if possible, simultaneously with the vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. Third dose, additional primary vaccination, 6 months after the first dose.
According to current knowledge, the assessment of the size of the vaccine scar and the mandatory revaccination of children and adolescents has been canceled. For this reason, TB vaccination outcomes should be monitored at birth at age 12 based on the patient's medical records. Babies who were not vaccinated at birth should receive the vaccine as soon as possible.
4-6 weeks later, and possibly in the first week, a red spot will appear at the injection site, which will eventually turn into an infiltrate - a reddish spot 5-10 mm, swollen and dense. Later, a pustule-pustule no more than 10 mm in size is formed at this place. The content of the pustule is at first transparent, then cloudy, after which the abscess becomes crusted and heals. A small rounded scar appears in its place, which means that local tuberculosis has been transferred and the protection has been developed.
According to the recommendations of the Polish Committee for the Protection against Polio, to eliminate the disease accompanying vaccination, the vaccine killed as the first two doses of vaccination was introduced for all children. The second dose is at the turn of the third and fourth months of life, at the same time as the polio vaccine.
A full course of vaccination should consist of 3 doses of the primary vaccination given three times a year and 1 additional dose given within 2 years of the child's life, unless the manufacturer recommends a different immunization schedule. For children vaccinated between the ages of 6 and 12 months, 2 doses of the vaccine should be given in the first course of vaccination and 1 additional dose one year after the second dose. Children under 1 year of age should be given one dose of the vaccine. The protective vaccine program contains information on when to give the mandatory and recommended vaccinations.
The abscess cannot be processed, touched, removed. If its size exceeds 10 mm, while the lymph nodes have increased, consult a phthisiatrician. If the unvaccinated child was discharged from the hospital, the parents are required to undergo fluorography.
Do I need
The vaccine is given to protect against tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, meningitis, leprosy - diseases that are extremely difficult to cure. Therefore, parents who have abandoned BCG are obliged to understand the risks they put their baby at and constantly protect them from sources of infection.
It is imperative to have a complete vaccination program for children. Do not miss any vaccination dose that you have started, as this can lead to a decrease in immunity to this disease. Children must be vaccinated for infectious diseases, even for those who no longer live in society - stopping vaccinations for these diseases could lead to their return.
Supplementary vaccinations are vaccinations recommended in the Protective Vaccine Program by the Chief Sanitary Inspector. These vaccinations are optional. They are also not funded from the budget of the Minister of Health. Parents who want to vaccinate their child against a wider range of diseases must pay for additional vaccinations out of their own pockets.
The WHO claims that the vaccine protects children 80-90% from deadly infection. And after the exclusion of vaccinations from the vaccination schedules of some countries, the number of diseases increased significantly.
Contraindications
It is forbidden to administer other vaccines along with BCG. Before the next vaccination, you need to withstand a break of a month, with the exception of the hepatitis vaccine.
Already during the first vaccination visit, the child can receive additional vaccination against pneumococcus. Completion of the entire course of rotavirus vaccination should occur within one month after the child's life. Additional varicella vaccination can be started within a month or a month - vaccination consists of two doses, the second dose should be given at least 6 weeks after the first dose.
The use of combination vaccines reduces the number of injections needed and saves the child's pain and stress. However, these vaccines are not funded from public funds. Cluj's chief of public health says he has applied for this quadrivalent vaccine since last year. We sent the required documents last year.
Children weighing less than 200 grams are not vaccinated against tuberculosis, if acute diseases, heart disease, HIV infection. Also, the vaccine is not recommended for a child who has had tuberculosis or had complications from his family members after a similar vaccination.
Effects
Serious complications arise from non-compliance with vaccination techniques. Subcutaneous cold abscesses appear, ulcers more than 10 mm, lymphadenitis, osteitis, keloid scars are formed, allergic reactions and atopic processes are possible.
Serious consequences, for example, widespread tuberculosis infection, occur only in babies with congenital immunodeficiency and AIDS. If signs of complications are noticed, it is recommended that a phthisiatrician follow up and specific treatment for tuberculosis.
1 month
When the child turns 1 month old, it is time to give the second vaccination against hepatitis B, in accordance with the scheme 0-1-2-12. This scheme is used to vaccinate children at risk.
How does it work
In 1 month, 10 μg of the drug is administered. The hepatitis B antigen contained in the vaccine is easily detected by antibodies on the surface of the skin. The baby's immune system attacks and quickly neutralizes the virus.
One of the components of the composition - aluminum hydroxide - enhances the immune defense mechanism and increases inflammation at the site of vaccination. However, without this component, the composition is weakly immunogenic. It is necessary either to inject large doses or to enhance the response to the antigen.
However, large doses of antigen provoke allergies, therefore, it is aluminum hydroxide that is used as an "amplifier". This component is also used in vaccinations - DTP, ADS, ADS-M. The composition also contains the preservative thiomersal, which protects against contamination and does not allow the drug to lose its properties.
How is it put
For children under three years of age, the vaccine is injected strictly into the anterior femoral muscle, like all vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide. If the composition was injected under the skin, the vaccine is not counted and it is recommended to redo it. Older children are allowed to receive the shoulder shot.
If the routine vaccination is missed, the remaining doses should be administered as usual, regardless of the missed dose.
Revaccination is not carried out, with the exception of babies with problematic immunity, and children who receive hemodialysis, due to the rapid death of antibodies acquired by vaccination.
Do I need
Does vaccination protect against disease? Definitely yes, while protection from the first vaccination is 50%, from the second - 75%, the effect from the third - 100%. Therefore, to ensure complete protection against the virus, it is possible only after completing the entire course of vaccination.
Special cells T-lymphocytes retain the memory of the meeting with the virus. For a long time, they stimulate the body to quickly produce large amounts of antibodies, providing immunity to hepatitis B for the next 15 years.
Contraindications
The vaccine is contraindicated in case of excessive sensitivity to yeast fungi, a pronounced reaction to the first vaccination in the form of fever, edema, hyperemia, the presence of acute and chronic diseases.
The use of the drug is questioned if the baby is premature with a weight of less than 1.5 kg. It is recommended to postpone the manipulation until the baby gains 2 kg.
Effects
The composition of the drug against hepatitis B is very “mild” and safe. Vaccination is easily tolerated.
Sometimes there is redness at the injection site, slight induration, soreness, swelling, discomfort, the temperature rises slightly. These reactions are quite normal, they are expected to appear on the 1-2 day of vaccination, the symptoms disappear after a couple of days. Serious complications (urticaria, rash, erythema nodosum, joint and muscle pain) are rare.
3 months
At 3 months of age, the child will receive the following vaccines: combined DPT (whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus), against poliomyelitis and hemophilic infection. Children who are vaccinated against hepatitis B will also be vaccinated according to the 0-3-6 scheme.
How does it work
The combined composition of DPT contains dead, purified causative agents of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. There are modifications of the drug that do not contain whooping cough - ADS, as well as with a reduced dose of tetanus and diphtheria components - ADS-M. Such formulations are more easily tolerated by the child's body. To ensure complete protection against infection, you need to be vaccinated three times with a monthly break and additionally receive 1-2 doses of the drug after a few years.
The composition of the drug against poliomyelitis - IPV, does not contain viable viruses. Therefore, immunity to the disease is developed without direct contact with the pathogen.
The composition of the drug against hemophilia contains separate parts of the microbe with the antigen. This is quite enough for an adequate response of the immune system and the development of persistent immunity to the causative agent of hemophilia.
How is it put
Vaccination with DTP takes 4 stages. The first introduction of the composition will occur at 3 months of age, the second at 4.5, the third at the age of six months, and the fourth at 1.5 years. The inoculation is placed in the gluteal or anterior femoral muscle.
Vaccination against polio is administered three times in accordance with the scheme 3-4.5-6 months. Why is revaccination taking place at 18 and 20 months. Parents can choose from both an injectable shot in the thigh or brachial muscles, or a composition for oral vaccination with a special syringe. Oral preparation is made in the form of drops, which are instilled under the tongue of the child, after which it is impossible to eat and drink for an hour.
The hemophilia formulation is administered along with the remaining vaccines in three stages. The first is placed at the age of three months, then 2 others with a break of 1-1.5 months. After the main course of vaccination has been completed, it is recommended to revaccinate one year later. A child under 1.5 years of age is vaccinated in the thigh, then in the shoulder muscle.
Do I need
Diseases of whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis, diphtheria very often turn into massive epidemics. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend that parents vaccinate their children.
For example, whooping cough disease in a one-year-old child is very risky, respiratory arrest and death are possible.
The causative agent of hemophilia can provoke purulent otitis media, meningitis and severe pneumonia, which is especially dangerous for a child 1.5-2 years old.
Contraindications
The drug for poliomyelitis is not given to immunocompromised children, but it can be vaccinated with IPV. Children with problematic immunity are prohibited from contact with vaccinated OPV for 2 weeks, which contain live viruses.
It is necessary to temporarily postpone the hemophilia vaccination if the child has an acute infectious disease. Then the vaccination is given after complete recovery.
Effects
The most difficult component of this vaccination course for children is whooping cough. Negative reactions may occur in the form of redness, swelling at the injection site. Sometimes the temperature rises, lasts about two days, and may be accompanied by convulsions. It is recommended to purchase antipyretics.
After the introduction of the DTP vaccine, you should stay near the clinic for about an hour, in case of allergic reactions. Allergy medication must be carried with you. Perhaps the doctor will prescribe antihistamines to the child even before vaccination to prepare the body for a meeting with the drug.
4.5 months
At the 4th month, the child is expected to receive a second preventive vaccination with DPT, as well as vaccination against hemophilus influenza for those children who received it at 3 months.
How does it work
The second vaccination enhances the effect of the previous one and provides stronger immunity against infections of whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria, and hemophilia.
Four months of age is not in vain chosen for revaccination. At this stage, the child's immunity has completely coped with the BCG vaccine. It is believed that BCG not only protects against TB infection but also stimulates the body's defense systems. During this period of time, he takes a new dose of the vaccine well and responds with active production of antibodies.
How is it put
The vaccine is given in the same order as the previous one - the DPT vaccine is injected into the thigh muscle with a syringe, and the polio drug is dripped under the tongue of the child.
Vaccination is carried out under the condition that at the time of administration of the drug and within a month before that, the child was completely healthy.
Do I need
Recently, it has become fashionable to refuse vaccination, motivating the refusal with unconfirmed facts of severe consequences after vaccinations. The decision for or against vaccination should be considered carefully.
Indeed, with whooping cough, which is characterized by severe attacks of spastic cough, every 4 baby gets irreversible lung pathologies, and in infants it is accompanied by a high number of deaths.
After diphtheria, serious complications can be expected in the form of myocarditis, polyneuritis, paralysis, eye and kidney damage.
Tetanus affects the nervous system, causing seizures so violent that they can break bones and pull muscles away from bone, and fatalities occur in 40-80%.
Severe forms of poliomyelitis are fraught with damage to the nervous system, muscle and spinal atrophy, lameness, paralysis, respiratory arrest and death.
However, if the parents are confident that they will be able to provide their baby with reliable protection against diseases with high mortality - whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio for the rest of their lives - no one will convince them otherwise.
Contraindications
Revaccination of DPT is contraindicated in children who have allergic reactions to the composition of the drug, or have pathologies, immunodeficiency, diathesis was manifested, elevated temperature, convulsions.
If there are contraindications, vaccination is still possible, but with a weakened ADS drug, without whooping cough in the composition. Such a vaccination will not protect against whooping cough, therefore, if there are no direct contraindications, you should not seek to vaccinate a child with just such a composition.
Effects
Many children do not react in any way to the vaccine, others may have a fever, bad mood, and decreased appetite. If the vaccination did not coincide with the onset of any disease, the symptoms should disappear within 24 hours.
Sometimes a small infiltrate forms at the injection site - redness, swelling. It will also pass over time. Severe consequences from a DPT injection are extremely rare. But if the parents noticed a prolonged fever, the child began to cry constantly, a rash similar to urticaria began to spread over the body - a doctor should be called immediately.
6 months
Six months old children receive the last vaccination against hepatitis B and planned DPT, against poliomyelitis, hemophilic infection. Also, in accordance with the vaccination calendar, the first administration of the influenza vaccine is carried out.
How does it work
Vaccination is carried out in the first month of autumn to prevent the seasonal epidemic of SARS. Immunity is fully formed after 2 weeks and protects the child's body throughout the season.
The influenza virus tends to change its structure, so it is recommended to vaccinate children every year. New drugs are created every year. Each new vaccine contains viruses that are predicted to cause an epidemic.
How is it put
Vaccination is carried out at the same time as other vaccinations. There are formulations of the drug that contain live and inactivated influenza viruses. The inactivated composition is administered by injection, the live one is sprayed into the nasal cavity.
At 1-2 years of age, the child is vaccinated in the thigh, for the elders - in the shoulder muscle. The drug is injected into the muscle of the non-dominant hand, if local reactions occur (discomfort, painful sensations), the dominant hand remains functional.
Do I need
Influenza is an extremely contagious type of acute respiratory viral infection that often goes away with complications, especially in small children. The causative agent of the disease is constantly changing, so each time it encounters it, the immune system recognizes the virus as completely unfamiliar.
While the production of antibodies to the virus is getting better, the child will already have time to become infected. The disease will develop faster than the defense reaction.
Vaccination helps the immune system to form antibodies beforehand. Protection lasts six months, then antibodies are destroyed. The next epidemic will hit the child's body again. Therefore, influenza vaccination is carried out annually.
Contraindications
The vaccination may be postponed or not carried out at all if there are temporary or permanent contraindications.
Temporary ones are represented by acute and chronic diseases occurring at the time of the planned vaccination. After recovery or remission, vaccination can be carried out.
It is forbidden to administer the drug to children with a history of severe allergic reactions to the protein of a chicken egg - urticaria, Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock.
Effects
An inactivated flu vaccine, even in theory, cannot cause illness. The preparation contains only parts of the dead virus. However, as with any vaccination, adverse reactions are possible.
Temperature, redness at the injection site indicate the formation of immunity in the child, so these effects are quite natural.
The vaccinated have general symptoms in the form of headaches, ailments, slightly elevated temperature, and local - soreness and induration at the injection site. Symptoms do not need treatment, they go away in 2-3 days.
The reaction to the introduction of a live vaccine is in the form of an elevated temperature of 38 ° C, malaise. These signs also go away on their own after a short period of time.
12 months
At 12 months of age, a child is vaccinated with a vaccine that prevents rubella, measles, and mumps. If the baby is at risk, hepatitis B vaccination is additionally carried out in accordance with the 0-1-2-12 scheme.
How does it work
Parents are given a choice of vaccines that will be administered to children: several monovaccines against a specific disease, two-component or combined preparations of foreign and domestic manufacturers.
A combination drug is usually used. The immunity to infections, developed through the vaccine, weakens after a while. Therefore, at 6 years of age, it is recommended to do a revaccination.
How is it put
Any type of drug (single-component or combined) can be used simultaneously with other vaccines, except BCG. The vaccination is placed under the scapula, the drug is injected under the skin using a special syringe.
The composition should not be allowed to enter the skin so that the drug does not lose its effectiveness. Injections into the buttock area are also excluded, because of the thick fat layer, the vaccine is difficult to administer correctly.
Do I need
Measles disease - leading in the number of deaths and complications - pneumonia, blindness, purulent otitis media and mental retardation.
It is believed that such infections can be recovered on their own in childhood and gain immunity naturally. This position is at least irresponsible. Vaccination not only protects the child from infection, but also reduces the virus population. Existing in a society of vaccinated people, the microbe will not find a place to reproduce.
Active immunization is aimed at the complete elimination of viruses from the human environment so that the next generation can do without vaccination. As in the case of smallpox, which has not been vaccinated against since the late 20th century.
Contraindications
There are temporary contraindications for vaccination: chronic and acute infections, occurring at the time of planned vaccination, treatment with immunoglobulins.
There are also constant contraindications: allergy to antibiotics-aminoglycosides, chicken egg protein, the presence of leukemia or acquired immunodeficiency.
Effects
The formulations of drugs against measles, rubella, mumps contain live elements of viruses. In fact, children become infected and get sick with a mild form of these diseases, therefore, minor reactions of the body in the form of cough, rhinitis, and enlarged lymph nodes are quite possible.
On 5-15 days after vaccination, the temperature may rise, which sometimes lasts 1-4 days. An increase in temperature negatively affects the formation of the immune response, therefore it is recommended to use antipyretics (ibuprofen, paracetamol). Severe fever can cause seizures.
You may develop a pink papular rash covering the arms, neck, buttocks, and the area behind the ears, especially in children prone to allergies. The rash will go away on its own, no treatment is required.
Vaccination does not cause any pathologies of the nervous system, autism, inflammation of the intestines, Guillain-Barré syndrome - these are prejudices.
For babies to tolerate vaccination well, you can start taking antihistamines a few days before vaccination and continue taking them for several days after.
15 months
At 15 months, a child can be vaccinated with a vaccine that is not included in the list of mandatory ones. The vaccine is designed to protect babies from field tick encephalitis.
How does it work
The drug does not contain live viruses, it contains individual particles of antigenic structure. When the composition enters the child's body, the immune system collides with the antigen, recognizes the virus and produces immunoglobulins - antibodies whose task is to destroy the infection.
The vaccine protects vaccinated children by 95% from encephalitis or facilitates the course of the disease in case of infection. After all, once faced with a virus, the body acquires an immune memory, which later allows you to quickly recognize the structure of the virus and overcome the disease.
How is it put
The inoculation is placed in the deltoid muscle of the shoulder. Vaccinations are carried out three times a year. The first time the drug is administered in the fall, the second vaccination is given in the spring, 5-7 months later, the third - about a year later.
Do I need
Tick-caused encephalitis is an acute natural focal infectious disease. The disease mainly affects the nervous system, has serious complications and high mortality.
Vaccination is carried out for children living in an area that is characterized by a large number of tick-borne encephalitis morbidity, or temporarily staying in such an area.
There are special children's modifications of the drug, they are allowed to be used from the age of one. However, if the likelihood of encountering a tick is small, it is best not to vaccinate a child less than three years old.
Contraindications
The vaccine is not administered to children who have had an intolerance to the components of the drug, allergy to food, medicines, patients with acute respiratory infections, blood diseases, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, rheumatism, bronchial asthma, epilepsy.
Effects
After administration of the drug, children may experience pain in muscles, joints, headaches, fever. At the injection site, there is swelling, the skin turns red, thickens. Lymph nodes enlarge, urticaria erupts.
Side effects last about 3-5 days, after which they disappear on their own. After vaccination, it is recommended to be under the supervision of a doctor for half an hour in order to timely prevent the development of a severe allergic reaction.
18 months
When the child turns one and a half years old, it is time for revaccination with the DPT vaccine, as well as drugs against poliomyelitis and hemophilic infection. During this period, some children are vaccinated with an optional additional vaccine against meningococcus.
How does it work
There are polysaccharide drugs that are administered to children from 2 years old. These vaccines quickly activate the immune system to produce antibodies. The effect lasts for about three years, after which it is necessary to do a revaccination.
For infants from 2 months, conjugated preparations are used, the composition of which is aimed at developing long-term immunological memory. Antibodies continue to reproduce for at least 10 years.
How is it put
The inoculation is done under the skin in the subscapularis or deltoid brachialis muscle. If the vaccine was administered to a one and a half year old child, then three months later the dose must be re-administered. The next revaccination will take place three years later.
If the first dose of the vaccine is administered at the age of more than two years, the effectiveness decreases to 95%, preventive revaccination is also required after three years.
Do I need
Meningococcal bacteria are spread by airborne droplets. The structure of the microbe is enclosed in a protective capsule, so it is difficult for children's immunity to overcome such a protected pathogen. The chances of getting meningitis in a child 1-5 years old are great.
An anti-meningococcal vaccine must be administered to children living in an area where frequent outbreaks of an epidemic have been noticed, or traveling to a similar area. Mass vaccination is recommended by WHO during epidemics caused by meningococcal bacteria groups A, C.
Contraindications
Effects
The vaccine is easily tolerated by the child. Sometimes there are mild local reactions: skin redness, soreness at the vaccination site, a slight increase in temperature. Symptoms should disappear in no more than 2 days.
20 months
When the baby turns 20 months old, doctors recommend revaccination with an anti-polio drug.
How does it work
Oral vaccine, which has been used in routine immunization, has more benefits than non-live IPV. Inactivated drugs are less effective in promoting the formation of antibodies in the nasopharynx and intestines - the places where the virus multiplies.
IPV does not guarantee one hundred percent protection against "wild" pathogens of poliomyelitis, but it will protect against other strains.
How is it put
Oral "live" vaccine, which is a sweetish liquid, is instilled in children on the root of the tongue. Does not cause discomfort and discomfort in the mouth. However, there are cases of involuntary vomiting. Then the child is given a dose again. You cannot eat and drink for an hour.
The inactivated vaccine is placed under the skin or in the muscle of the thigh, shoulder, if the child has an immunodeficiency or had previous symptoms of OPV allergy.
Do I need
Poliomyelitis is extremely contagious. It is transmitted from an infected person through touch, by talking, by airborne droplets.
Abortive poliomyelitis often occurs with symptoms of fever, runny nose, cough, nausea, and dysbiosis. Less often - meningeal, which is characterized by headaches, insomnia, "cerebral" vomiting, not caused by food intake.
The most dangerous form of the disease is paralytic. Paralytic poliomyelitis can result in very dire symptoms up to paralysis.
Contraindications
IPV is not given to children who have had negative reactions to the drug in the past, also with intolerance to antibiotics: neomycin, polymyxin and streptomycin, which are part of the vaccine. Like any vaccine, IPV is temporarily delayed in the presence of acute illness.
Effects
An oral polio drug sometimes causes a slight fever, weakness, brief dysbiosis, or an allegric rash that resolves without treatment.
Severe complications can be expected in children with immune problems. There is a vaccine-associated form of poliomyelitis with full symptoms of the disease. To avoid such a reaction, a preliminary study of the immune system is carried out or IPV is used.
2 years
At the age of one, children are vaccinated against chickenpox (chickenpox). It is not necessary to vaccinate, the parents decide for themselves whether it is needed or not.
How does it work
The chickenpox vaccine is effective, causing persistent immunity to the virus in 95% of children vaccinated before 5 years of age. If the drug is administered to adolescents, the effectiveness drops to 78%, a second dose is required to achieve 99% protection.
Vaccinated children retain strong immunity to the virus for many years, at least 20 years. Studies of the immunity of the first vaccinated people who were injected with the vaccine 40 years ago showed the presence of antibodies to chickenpox in their blood.
How is it put
The vaccine is given subcutaneously or intramuscularly; it is prohibited to inject the drug intravenously. The deltoid brachialis muscle or subscapularis is considered the most suitable place for the injection of the drug, if it cannot be placed in the shoulder due to circumstances.
The vaccine is not placed in the buttocks so as not to get into sciatic nerve... There is also a possibility that the drug will get into the fat layer, the absorption of the vaccine into the blood will be difficult, a seal will appear that will hurt for a long time.
Do I need
Chickenpox is the most contagious infection in the world. In a child, the symptoms of the disease are easy, pass quickly, but the teenager may face unpleasant complications.
Vaccination is mandatory if a child who is 2 or more years old, who has not previously had chickenpox, is sent to a children's health institution.
Contraindications
Vaccination is postponed for acute, chronic diseases, but a recovered child can be vaccinated. After respiratory, intestinal diseases, you should wait 2-4 weeks. After severe neurological diseases (meningitis), you need a break of at least six months. Vaccination is prohibited for children with severe immunodeficiency.
If the child will have an operation soon, the vaccination is given a month before. There are also restrictions in children taking immunoglobulins, blood products. We need a break in treatment with these drugs for six months before vaccination and for 3 weeks after.
Vaccination is not carried out in the case of chronic cardiovascular pathologies, dysfunctions of the liver, kidneys, blood system, allergy to the composition of the drug. If the vaccination is still given, the child is under observation for 2-3 days.
Effects
Chickenpox vaccination is easy, often without reactions. Local reactions are manifested by symptoms in the form of swelling, induration, redness, soreness. Rare general reactions are expressed by an increase in temperature, an increase in lymph nodes, a rash, itching, weakness. Symptoms become noticeable 1-3 weeks later, go away on their own, no treatment is required. It is important to remember that general delayed effects appear 7-21 days after vaccination. If the symptoms appeared at a different time interval, then the child has a different disorder.
3-6 years old
In the period of 3-6 years, the child can be vaccinated, which will protect him from hepatitis A. Vaccination is not planned, but is recommended by health care.
How does it work
All vaccine formulations contain inactivated viruses, the introduction of which stimulates the immune system to actively form a large number of antibodies. The activation of defense mechanisms begins immediately after complete resorption of the drug.
How is it put
The vaccine is given twice - at 3 or 6 years old and after half a year or a year. The vaccine is usually tolerated without adverse reactions. Perhaps the injection site will swell a little, there will be slight swelling.
Older children are given an injection in the forearm, and younger children in the thigh. The drug is injected directly into the skin to provide optimal pathways for antibody formation.
Do I need
Hepatitis A, called jaundice, affects the liver. Widespread in countries with unsanitary conditions.
Children from risk groups must be vaccinated without fail. The risk group includes: children who go on vacation to countries with frequent epidemics, children of health workers, catering workers, water supply workers.
Contraindications
Vaccination is temporarily postponed in case of an acute, chronic illness, until the child recovers. It is forbidden to administer the drug if there have previously been cases of immediate allergic reactions.
Effects
The consequences of vaccination in children are very rare. A slightly elevated temperature, weakness is possible. The injection site thickens, turns red, hurts. Symptoms go away on their own, without treatment, signaling the beginning of the development of immunity.
6 years
How does it work
MMR vaccine induces a persistent immune response to disease. Protection lasts for life. Although there are exceptions, when a vaccinated child still becomes infected and gets sick, more often with mumps (mumps), less often with measles, rubella.
If the child does not have problems with immunity, the composition of the MMR vaccine, which contains semi-living viruses, will not be able to cause severe disease. The drug can be administered at the same time as other vaccinations. At the same time, the efficiency does not decrease, side effects does not arise.
How is it put
Revaccination is carried out exactly at the age of six to reduce the likelihood of infection when the kids get into school groups. The first dose has already been administered at 1-1.5 years. The second vaccination is given to enhance the protective effect. Older children are given an injection in the shoulder.
If the vaccination was not delivered on time, you can vaccinate the child later, this does not affect the effectiveness in any way. However, it is undesirable to postpone vaccination for a long time so as not to expose the child to the risk of infection.
Do I need
Women who have not been immunized with MMR vaccine in childhood, having contracted rubella during pregnancy, may face severe fetal pathologies.
Unvaccinated men are at risk of contracting mumps, which also causes a number of serious complications, including absolute infertility.
Contraindications
The vaccine is not given in case of weakened immunity, allergy to neomycin, gelatin, severe reaction to the vaccine in the past, acute inflammatory processes... If at the time of vaccination the child has a mild cold, vaccination can be done without fear.
Effects
Usually MMR vaccine does not give severe reactions. Perhaps the temperature will rise slightly, aches and chills will appear. It is better to bring down the temperature using paracetamol or ibuprofen.
Sometimes the body becomes covered with a rash, which goes away on its own, leaves no traces, lymph nodes increase. At the injection site, the tissues become denser, redden, ache.
Sometimes children complain of joint pain, swelling and discomfort in the testicular area (in boys). Only a child who is allergic to the components of the drug can have serious consequences.
6-7 years old
By the age of 6-7, the child is ready to receive a second dose of DPT or ADS vaccines to maintain immunity against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus infections.
How does it work
The composition of the DTP preparation forms a high level of resistance in a vaccinated child for 5-7 years. Since the first vaccination was given in infancy, the booster vaccination will retain its effect for a longer time.
How is it put
All DTP (ADS) vaccines are given intramuscularly, due to the presence of aluminum hydroxide in the composition. If this component is injected under the skin, a persistent itchy seal is formed, which will dissolve for a long time. Schoolchildren are injected into the deltoid brachialis muscle.
Do I need
Vaccination will protect the child from infectious diseases, which are characterized by cases of death. Thousands of children were carried away by the extremely infectious, rapidly progressive diphtheria. The disease develops rapidly, on mucous membranes respiratory tract films are formed, provoke respiratory arrest. Death occurs quickly, in 15-30 minutes, sometimes the patient does not have time to be taken to the hospital. Infected child also dangerous to others, while even after the symptoms disappear, there is a risk of contagion.
Contraindications
Vaccination is contraindicated in cases of immunodeficiency, pathological neurological disorders with seizures, allergy to the vaccine in the past. Vaccination is temporarily postponed in case of diathesis, acute respiratory infections.
Effects
Mild side effects after vaccination are considered beneficial, as they are a sign of the formation of immunity.
Local symptoms are expressed by redness, slight edema, pain at the injection site. Common symptoms observed less often, expressed by temperature, anxiety, gastrointestinal disorders.
All symptoms appear on the first day after the administration of DTP (ADS) vaccines and last only 24 hours.
7 years
How does it work
The virus strain contained in the BCG vaccine remains resistant to tuberculosis resistance for about 5-7 years. 14 days after the administration of the drug, the strain acquires a specific L-form, thanks to which such long-term protection is maintained. Vaccinated children and revaccinated adolescents are less likely to get sick with tuberculosis, and if they become infected, they get mild forms with a low risk of death.
How is it put
The inoculation is placed subcutaneously in the shoulder. Before revaccination, be sure to do a Mantoux test, carefully checking the results. If a pronounced reaction is found, revaccination will not be carried out, so as not to cause severe local inflammation.
Do I need
Residents of countries where there is a high incidence of diseases must be vaccinated. Tuberculosis is very dangerous, severe forms affect internal organs, lead to incurable pathologies and disability.
Contraindications
Revaccination of BCG is contraindicated in schoolchildren who, at the time of vaccination, had acute diseases, malignant neoplasms, blood diseases, acute form allergies, tuberculosis, a positive Mantoux reaction, a history of severe vaccine reactions, and those undergoing radiation therapy or taking immunosuppressants ..
Effects
The drug causes cold abscesses, ulcers, regional lymphadenitis, keloid scars. Severe reactions are possible in the form of BCG-osteomyelitis, post-BCG syndrome, which is manifested by erythema nodosum and annular granulomas.
The consequences of vaccination are very rare. But if the child has congenital immunodeficiency, it is possible to develop widespread BCG infection (disseminated tuberculosis, which affects the lymph nodes, internal organs, leading to death.
10-12 years old
How does it work
The composition of the HPV preparation contains special organic compounds with a structure that is similar to live viruses. When the drug is injected, the immune system will launch protective cells that block the virus's attempts to penetrate and harden in the body.
There are 2 types of vaccine: Gardasil and Cervarix. Both drugs are highly effective in the fight against infection with HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, strains that cause cancer of the uterus, anus, and the formation of warts on the genitals.
If the virus has already entered the body, vaccines will not be able to eliminate it. Therefore, the vaccine is given to children and adolescents who have not yet had sex.
How is it put
The drug is injected intramuscularly, the course of vaccinations consists of three injections, which are given at a certain interval for six months.
Do I need
HPV is classified as quite infectious viral infectionssexually transmitted diseases. Some strains of HPV are responsible for the development of various cancers.
Contraindications
Vaccination is contraindicated in children who are allergic to the composition of the drug, in the presence of complex reactions to the previous administration of the vaccine.
Effects
If reactions appear in the form of redness, swelling, pain at the injection site, the temperature rises slightly, sutavia, muscles ache, lymph nodes enlarge, other symptoms similar to colds appear, then the immunity has reacted to the vaccine. All manifestations will go away on their own within 24 hours.
14 years old
14 year olds need to undergo revaccination with DTP (ADS) -vaccines, BCG and an anti-poliomyelitis drug.
How does it work
By the age of 14, the protective reaction from routine vaccinations is gradually decreasing, because the child received the last DTP and BCG vaccination about 7 years ago, and received the polio vaccine in infancy. The new dose of drugs will renew and strengthen the effectiveness of the immune system against these diseases.
How is it put
DTP (ADS) - vaccinations are given intramuscularly in the shoulder, BCG is also injected into the shoulder, but subcutaneously, and the polio vaccine is buried on the root of the tongue.
Do I need
It is extremely important for extremely active, mobile adolescents to provide quality protection against dangerous diseases with a high number of deaths. At the age of 14, children's social circle grows, and parental control weakens. There is no guarantee that a teenager will not come across people infected with tuberculosis, or will not be bitten by an infected animal.
For example, the tetanus pathogen is ubiquitous. The possibility of infection is very high, one small scratch is enough for the skin to become a "door" for infection to enter the adolescent's body.
Contraindications
BCG is not administered concurrently with other drugs. The interval between vaccinations must be at least a month. Vaccines should not be administered for acute, chronic, neurological diseases or in the presence of immunodeficiency.
Effects
Local reactions are typical for each type of vaccine, they are manifested by redness, swelling, mild pain in the injection area. Slight temperature rise possible. All symptoms disappear within 1 day. During BCG vaccination, if the vaccination technique has been violated, the following may occur: cold abscess, increased voter turnout, lymphadenitis, keloid scar.
Should children be vaccinated?
Should children be vaccinated?
Preventive vaccinations are the most effective, most effective way to deal with individual diseases and mass epidemics. Vaccination protects against the suffering that brings illness, severe complications leading to disability and death.
The whole world takes an active part in routine vaccinations. In a developed country, it is believed that if parents refuse vaccinations, it means that they do not take good care of the health and safety of their children.
For some time in our country, parents began to feel fear at the thought of vaccination. Many families consider it "good form" not to get vaccinated. The reasons for this attitude lie in the "black" PR, which surrounded the topic of vaccination by the journalists of the "yellow press".
To some extent, incompetent local doctors who prescribe vaccinations at the wrong time or do not follow the rules of vaccination are responsible for the fears of parents. Indeed, before each administration of the drug, the health status of each child should be taken into account.
As a result, due to massive refusals from preventive vaccination, the number of cases of diphtheria and pertussis with fatal outcomes has sharply increased. The rare consequences of any vaccine are much safer than, for example, the mildest form of tuberculosis.
If, after vaccination with the DTP vaccine, a maximum rise in temperature can be expected, then tetanus, at best, will end with long-term inpatient treatment, and sometimes with resuscitation.
A powerful argument in favor of vaccination is the formation of "herd" immunity. If in a certain area the maximum number of people is vaccinated, the likelihood of epidemics decreases significantly. Accordingly, children are less likely to become infected and get sick.
In the information age, virtually all parents are aware of the advantages and disadvantages of using preventive vaccines. And doubts about the question of vaccinations are quite a normal reaction.
Parents have every right not to vaccinate a child, guided by personal, medical, religious reasons. Perhaps closer communication with your local pediatrician will help overcome controversy and allay far-fetched concerns.
Of course, you can try to protect the baby from contact with the infected, temper, provide a healthy diet. But all the same it will not be possible to exclude all threats. Thousands of bacteria live in the environment of the child, pathogens of dangerous, sometimes fatal diseases. And no alternative means of replacing vaccination has yet been invented.
Many parents often ask the same question: “Should my child be vaccinated? If so, which ones and when? "
I will try to answer this difficult question. It will be about a somatically healthy child of healthy parents. We will take as a basis the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 229 dated 06/27/2001 "On the National calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications." The first vaccination is vaccination against viral hepatitis B, which is done in the first twelve hours of a child's life, then it is repeated a month later, and at six months of age. This vaccination is the most difficult for the baby, in principle it must be done before school, so you can refuse until the age of six.
The second vaccination, which is carried out in the maternity hospital for three to seven-day-old children, is the vaccination against tuberculosis - BCG (BCG - French abbreviation for "Bacillus Calmette - Guerin"). I advise you not to refuse and be sure to get this vaccine, because the problem of tuberculosis in our country is very acute.
The third item on the calendar is joint DTP vaccination - against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, and vaccination against poliomyelitis. Some parents object to these vaccinations, they say that there are no such infections and no need to be vaccinated. But this is a delusion, these diseases are quite common, for example, whooping cough can be transmitted from parent to child - there was a real case in a nearby clinic.
In our time, such diseases are rare precisely because everyone is vaccinated. Vaccinations against the above diseases are done on a schedule, starting from three months - up to a year.
Vaccination against poliomyelitis is vital, since this infection is very serious, it is terrible in its consequences. When a child, whose parents refused to be vaccinated, gets into the children's team, in which they will be revaccinated against poliomyelitis, then he will need to be isolated for forty (!) Days in order to avoid vaccine-associated polio disease.
The next vaccinations against measles, rubella, mumps are carried out at the age of 12 months. It is also necessary to do these vaccinations, so in case of complications in boys, infertility may develop in the future, and rubella in unvaccinated pregnant women and girls threatens death or developmental defects of the child.
The Mantoux test is done every year, the procedure is harmless and very informative, and in our time, in the conditions of a total incidence of tuberculosis, it is necessary.
All vaccinations, regardless of the timing, need to be prepared: within two weeks before and after vaccination, a hypoallergenic diet is required, infants should not be introduced to new complementary foods. Three days before vaccination, in the morning on the day of vaccination and three days after vaccination, the child should be given an antiallergic drug in a prophylactic dose.
For children who have any chronic diseasesAllergy or immunocompromised patients need an individual approach. For them, a consultation with an immunologist or a specialist doctor is recommended, but, in any case, vaccination is also necessary for such children.
In some polyclinics, there are paid imported vaccines that are not included in the compulsory health insurance system. They are more free of impurities and are easier for a child to tolerate.
In the event that you nevertheless decided to refuse preventive vaccinations, you need to come to the appointment and issue a refusal. The local doctor has no right to make any claims to you, or, for example, not to write out a prescription for a dairy kitchen for a child, if the parents did not correctly formalize the refusal of vaccinations.
Bye. Be healthy!
Respectfully yours, district pediatrician Ilyashenko Daniil Alexandrovich.