A high temperature, in both adults and children, is one of the first symptoms of the development of a serious inflammatory process... It appears with ARVI, viral infections, sore throat and others infectious diseases, as well as with inflammation of internal organs. Combined with vomiting and intestinal upset heat may indicate that pathogens of intestinal infection have entered the body. Vomiting attacks and diarrhea are the body's defensive reactions, with the help of which it tries to cleanse itself of toxins that have entered it.
Diarrhea, vomiting and fever in a child are very dangerous symptoms that can lead to dehydration in a child's body in a short time. It should be borne in mind that what younger child, the faster this complication develops. When vomiting attacks occur in combination with high fever, a qualified health care to find out the reason for this condition of the baby and its early elimination.
Causes of vomiting and high body temperature
Vomiting and fever can occur in children for the following reasons:
- ingestion of the causative agent of intestinal infection;
- food intoxication, chemicals, medicines;
- inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase (appendicitis, gastroenteritis, etc.);
- colds and inflammatory diseases.
Important: In young children, gagging may occur due to a rapid rise in temperature to 38 ° C and above, regardless of what exactly caused the hyperthermia.
Intestinal infection
Intestinal infections are the most common causes of vomiting. childhood... They include a number of diseases, the causative agents of which primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract. These include:
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- rotavirus infection;
- dysentery;
- salmonellosis;
- typhoid fever;
- cholera;
- enterovirus infection;
- escherichiosis, etc.
The immune system of a small child is not yet fully formed, therefore it cannot effectively cope with all pathogenic bacteria and viruses that enter the body. Infection occurs through the use of contaminated food, water, or through household contact from a patient with intestinal infection.
With an intestinal infection in children, repeated vomiting is observed, which does not bring relief, a green-colored stool is possible with an admixture of blood, foam or mucus, a high temperature within 40 ° C. These symptoms can persist for several days if treatment is not started promptly.
Compliance with the rules of hygiene will help protect children from intestinal infection
Rotavirus infection is most common in childhood. Its symptoms at the beginning of the disease resemble flu, sore throat, scarlet fever and ARVI. The child is observed:
- weakness;
- lack of appetite;
- runny nose;
- headache;
- cough;
- sore throat.
Then vomiting joins, abdominal pains appear, body temperature rises, the stool becomes watery and liquid.
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Important: Rotavirus infection is most often found in children aged two years, and the disease has a very severe course.
Intoxication
The appearance of vomiting and fever in a child can be caused by intoxication of a small organism. This condition usually leads to:
- eating stale food;
- exposure to poisons and chemicals;
- drug overdose.
With food poisoning, pathogenic bacteria or other microorganisms enter the body along with food, which infect the mucous membranes of the digestive system and disrupt their normal functioning. The deterioration of the baby's condition is observed several hours after eating spoiled food. He has chills, weakness, cold extremities, lack of appetite, pallor of the skin, abdominal pain.
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Important: In case of food poisoning after vomiting and diarrhea, the child has an improvement in his general condition due to a decrease in the concentration of toxins in the body.
Colds and inflammatory diseases
ARVI, as well as inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system (pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, rhinitis, etc.) often occur with hyperthermia. A sharp rise in body temperature can cause headaches, nausea and vomiting. In this case, an emetic attack does not pose a threat to the baby's health, since it occurs only once, and after emptying the stomach, the emetic urge disappears.
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The cause of vomiting with a cold can be not only a high fever, but also a cough. With a dry cough, the gag reflex occurs due to overstrain in the pharynx. Wet cough in children, it is almost always accompanied by the swallowing of sputum and mucus from the bronchi or nasal sinuses. The accumulation of these secretions in the stomach causes vomiting.
When colds and flu, in most cases, vomiting and fever in a child occurs without diarrhea and other disturbances in the work of the intestines.
A high fever with a cold can provoke an vomiting attack.
Important: Vomiting and fever in a child can be observed during teething.
Diseases of the digestive tract
Some gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases can occur in an acute period with fever and vomiting. These include:
- gastritis;
- enteritis and gastroenteritis;
- colitis and enterocolitis;
- appendicitis;
- viral hepatitis, etc.
Vomiting is one of the earliest symptoms of these diseases. Also, the child has pains in the abdominal area of \u200b\u200bvarious localization and intensity, depending on which organ is affected, there may be intestinal disorders, nausea, and bloating.
The most dangerous condition is acute appendicitis, which requires immediate surgical intervention to avoid complications.
Treatment of vomiting and fever in children
If the child has vomiting and fever, what should the parents do in this case? It is important to remain calm, especially if very young children develop these symptoms. The panic and confusion of parents can be transmitted to the baby, and his condition will worsen even more.
- you can not try to stop vomiting and diarrhea in case of poisoning and intestinal infection;
- if vomiting occurs in newborns, it is necessary to take measures to avoid the ingress of vomit into the respiratory system;
- don't give medications from vomiting to the arrival of a doctor and establishing its cause;
- at temperatures above 38 ° C, it is necessary to give the baby antipyretic drugs, preferably in the form of rectal suppositories;
- it is imperative to replenish the fluid lost by the body;
- do not try to feed the baby soon after an attack of vomiting (excluding breastfeeding).
The main task with vomiting, and especially in combination with diarrhea, is to prevent dehydration of the child's body. To do this, no earlier than half an hour after the last emetic attack, it is necessary to start giving the child every 10 minutes small portions of boiled water and glucose-salt solutions (Gastrolit, Regidron or their analogs), alternating them.
Signs of dehydration are:
- decrease in the amount of urination (less than 3 times a day);
- dryness of the skin and mucous membranes;
- weakness, headache, drowsiness;
- drooping eyes and fontanelle (in infants).
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You should start giving your child food after vomiting no earlier than 6 hours later. Croutons, porridge on water (rice, oatmeal), boiled eggs, boiled potatoes, low-fat broth are recommended as the first products. Do not immediately offer dairy products, fresh fruits and vegetables. The transition to regular food should be gradual.
If the cause of vomiting and fever in a child is poisoning or intestinal infection, it is necessary to wash the stomach, take enterosorbents, antibacterial or antiviral drugs... As a rule, children are treated in this case in a hospital setting.
Defense mechanisms
The first thing to understand is that vomiting and a temperature of about 37 degrees in a child are defense mechanisms coordinated by the hormonal, immune and nervous systems. Vomiting - the release of stomach contents through the mouth, is activated when the vomiting receptors of the throat, esophagus, stomach wall and other organs are irritated, in the event that further digestion of food is a potential threat.
In addition, emotional stress can trigger vomiting. It is believed that in this way a person is freed from the "extra burden" and can direct all his energy to rescue in a dangerous situation.
At the same time, an increase in body temperature to 37-38 degrees activates the body's defenses - accelerates the synthesis of immune proteins, increases the blood circulation rate and prevents pathogenic microorganisms from multiplying. At the same time, in a child aged 1 - 3 years, vomiting may be the result of an increase in temperature, and vice versa. This is due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract and thermoregulatory processes in the first years of life.
Remember that suppressing vomiting and bringing down fever in the first 2-3 hours of illness is not recommended.
Moreover, if you are sure that the child is vomiting and has a high fever as a result of poisoning, help his body cleanse itself of toxins. What to do for this? Let's drink plenty of water, you can even artificially induce gastric cleansing by acting on the receptors of the gag reflex (at the root of the tongue).
Danger of condition
As we have already found out, if the child is vomiting and has a temperature of 37, it is necessary to optimize the detoxification process. Is this condition dangerous in itself? The answer is definitely yes.
Negative effects of vomiting and hyperthermia:
- Children, especially infants, may choke on vomit. This happens if food debris gets into the trachea. In the prone position, the danger of choking increases. Fever and vomiting in infants are often interconnected and flow into each other. To avoid getting vomit into the respiratory tract, lay the child in a semi-vertical position, put his head higher, and tilt slightly to the side.
- If a child is nauseous and the temperature has risen to 38 degrees, his body rapidly loses water (with vomiting, sweat). Dehydration is the most striking negative effect of poisoning. It is necessary to constantly replenish the body's fluid reserves - often drink water, tea. It is better to refuse milk (does not apply to infants).
- Hyperthermia can get out of control. If the indicators have reached 39 degrees, it is better to take an antipyretic drug. Children who have problems with the heart or nervous system, prone to seizures or delirium tremens, are given antipyretics with thermometry values \u200b\u200bof 38.5 C and above.
- If the urge to vomit is so strong and frequent that the child cannot eat or drink, there is a danger of exhaustion. In this case, medical attention is needed.
That is why it is very important to monitor the condition of a sick child - to measure body temperature, monitor the color and amount of vomit, and the frequency of urges. You cannot leave a child with intoxication alone.
First aid
What to do if a person starts vomiting, and at the same time the body temperature rises? You must try to help him - to improve his health, reduce the likelihood of complications and speed up the process of cleansing the body.
To do this, follow the following algorithm of actions:
1. Do not block the processes of elimination of toxins (vomiting, diarrhea and fever) in the first hours of the development of the disease.
2. If you are sure that the child has eaten a poor-quality product, or an inedible substance, and there is no vomiting, it is necessary to artificially induce them. At the same time, be sure to drink plenty of water, preferably alkaline mineral water, or just boiled with a pinch of soda.
3. Do not take any medications before the doctor examines the patient and makes a diagnosis. The exception is sorbents (activated carbon, enterosgel, etc.).
4. You need to drink often, in small portions, as a large volume of liquid drunk will provoke the next cleansing of the stomach, and the body will not have time to absorb the liquid.
5. It is better to refuse food for a few hours. When the child gets better, he will ask for food himself. You should start with a small portion of light food, fatty and fermented milk products - under a temporary ban.
6. If it becomes necessary to bring down the fever (38.5-39 C), give preference to rectal suppositories, because the stomach may refuse to take pills or syrups.
7. Monitor your child's well-being. If there is no improvement within 12 hours, call a pediatrician - the causes of vomiting and fever in a child are often life-threatening diseases.
Causes of vomiting and hyperthermia
The reason for this condition can be various diseases - infectious, congenital, surgical. In addition, an elementary non-observance of hygiene standards, sanitary conditions, feeding regime and food composition may be a provocateur.
Common causes of upset stomach and hyperthermia in children:
Some of the above conditions are not very dangerous, others can be life threatening.
Usually, a single vomiting does not indicate a serious pathology.
Most often this is a signal that the feeding regime, food composition, emotional environment and other conditions are not suitable for the child. In this case, you need to rinse him oral cavity, give a drink, bring the body upright and calm down. If this does not help, and vomiting is repeated, it is obvious that the child is developing a painful condition, and it is necessary to determine its cause as soon as possible.
Infectious diseases
Infectious diseases are caused by the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms into the body - viruses, bacteria and fungi. The vital activity of the microbe disrupts the normal functioning of the human body. Very often, microorganisms release toxic substances into the blood. Poisoning with poisons of biological origin (toxins) is called intoxication. Intoxication accompanies infections respiratory tract, blood, gastrointestinal tract and so on. Symptoms of intoxication - hyperthermia, heart failure, drowsiness, loss of energy, poor appetite, digestive problems.
- ARVI
Vomiting in a child at 1-2 years old can be caused by a sharp jump in body temperature with ARVI, flu or bacterial infection (otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.). In this case, the urge is rare, most often solitary. The child's abdomen is not swollen, and there is no pain on palpation. It is also possible an intestinal disorder with a cold - diarrhea. It can also result from medication. If vomiting and diarrhea in a child is caused by ARVI, he must have symptoms such as cough, runny nose, body temperature of about 37 C. In infants coughing, as well as rhinitis, can cause vomiting if the mucus from the respiratory tract draining down the throat irritates the receptors of the gag reflex.
In an older child, ARVI is accompanied by a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract relatively rarely.
- Food poisoning
Vomiting, diarrhea and fever (37-39 C) in a child are symptoms of food poisoning. Most often, a violation of sanitary and hygienic standards for cooking, storing or eating food leads to poisoning. Children and adolescents sometimes neglect hygiene, do not wash their hands before eating, and eat unwashed fruits. Vomiting and fever in a child at sea can be caused by a sudden change in diet or the use of spoiled food. The greatest threat is posed by spoiled seafood, canned food, and rotten meat. Also, very often, poisoning is caused by fruits and vegetables (for example, watermelons) grown with an excessive amount of nitrates. Vomiting and fever in a child aged 1-4 years is more dangerous than in older children, since young children lose fluid much faster, and overheating is more traumatic for them.
The main strategy for poisoning is to replenish fluid losses and control body temperature.
Surgical diseases
Surgical diseases of the abdominal organs are always accompanied by a sharp and severe pain in the abdomen, impaired thermoregulation and digestion (the child vomits, temperature 38 C and above).
Since such symptoms are difficult to ignore, parents almost always deliver the child to the clinic on time.
At the same time, sometimes inflammation of the appendix causes not acute, but aching pain. If you try to endure it, you can wait for the appendix to rupture, get its contents into the abdominal cavity, and, as a result, peritonitis and blood poisoning.
For acute abdominal pain, it is unacceptable to try to relieve it with pain relievers - this will only create a false impression of relief.
Psychogenic causes
Vomiting and fever in an older child (from about 7 years old) can have psycho-emotional reasons. Severe stress (accident, loss of loved ones, fear) can cause reflex stomach emptying and an increase in body temperature to subfbril values \u200b\u200b(36.9-37.9 C). There is also the concept of "demonstrative vomiting" in an attempt to attract the attention of adults, to get something from them (as a way of manipulation, similar to hysteria).
Vomiting and fever in a teenager may be associated with an eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia.
In the above cases, only the consultation of a psychotherapist and appropriate treatment will help.
When should a doctor be called?
What if the child is sick and the temperature does not drop for a long time, despite the efforts of the parents? You may need a doctor's help.
You need to call an ambulance if:
Remember that many of the possible illnesses that cause vomiting and fever are life-threatening. It is better to once again consult with doctors than to risk the health of the child.
Vomiting can accompany a wide variety of diseases, especially in babies. Only a specialist after a complex of analyzes can make an accurate diagnosis. It is very important to understand what causes vomiting and fever in a child, and this determines further therapy. It can be not only poisoning, but also infections or even a psychological condition.
Every mother dreams that her precious child will always remain healthy. But this is impossible. It is children who are exposed at their young age to the real attack of a variety of diseases. If a child has a fever, vomiting, there is no need to panic and suspect only the worst. You should pull yourself together and help the baby cope with this problem.
What should be done first if the child has vomiting and high fever? First you need to make a special solution that will save you from dehydration. It is prepared as follows: take a teaspoon of salt and 5 small spoons of sugar, dissolve in boiled water. The solution cannot be stored for more than 1 day.
The dosage of the drug depends on the age of the patient:
- Fever in combination with vomiting in a baby who is not yet 1 year old are dangerous symptoms. It is necessary to solder the patient with the prepared solution gradually. After the child has vomited, he should be given 100 grams of drink per teaspoon. In addition to the solution, clean water is used. If the baby at the same time completely refuses to eat for a long time, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor.
- Is the child already 1 year old? Then he must be given only light food as food. Do not forget about the solution. Take it every time after vomiting.
Instead of a home remedy for vomiting and dehydration, you can give your child pharmacy products... The most popular are Humana Electrolyte and Regidron. It is very important not to interfere with the release of vomit.
In what cases you need to immediately call an ambulance
Single or constant vomiting against a background of temperature within 37 degrees can indicate such ailments as:
All these conditions also cause weakness in a sick child. Even in the absence of fever, you must immediately call an ambulance. At the same time, it is recommended to often water the child, not give pills and food, and not bring down the temperature.
In this case, an ambulance must be called immediately, having carefully described the child's condition by phone. You can lower the temperature with rectal suppositories. The baby needs to be watered every 5 minutes.
If, besides elevated temperature and vomiting, diarrhea began, an ambulance was immediately called. At the same time, the following actions are taken:
- until the doctors arrive, you need to give water to the patient;
- the baby is given special sorbents: activated carbon, "Smecta" 4.
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