With ENT diseases, a symptom such as clogged sinuses very often appears. It can be caused by sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, complicated rhinitis and other diseases. There are several ways to clear your sinuses and normalize breathing.
It is very important to determine the reason why the sinuses are clogged. The choice of treatment will depend on this. You can distinguish sinus inflammation from a cold by the following symptoms:
The paranasal sinuses are part of the upper respiratory tract and are associated with the nasal cavity. They consist of several cavities in the cranial bone that extend to the forehead and to the teeth of the upper jaw. Therefore, one divides the sinuses in the frontal, maxillary, wedge-shaped and ethmoidal cells. The paranasal sinuses are lined with a mucous membrane on which small hairs are located. The lining of the sinuses forms fluid that drains through the nose and throat.
Distinguish between acute and chronic sinusitis: acute form may occur several times a year, but disappears no later than a few weeks later. In chronic sinusitis, the nasal mucosa becomes constantly inflamed. Chronic sinusitis is often talked about if the complaints last longer than three months.
- Strong headachewhich increases when leaning forward.
- Temperature, fever, and chills.
- Weakness and fatigue.
- Clogged nose with a lot of exudate, the color and consistency of which may change.
- The appearance of swelling in the sinus area and severe pain with pressure.
As a rule, the cause of the development of the disease is a violation of the outflow of mucus. This can be caused by both physiological disorders and a number of diseases. Sometimes only one sinus can become clogged. When such symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a specialist, and then apply the prescribed means for treatment.
Sinusitis is often associated with the following typical symptoms. Nasal congestion, cough, fever, pain, swelling, pus build-up. ... With sinusitis, the nasal passages are blocked by swelling and accumulation of secretions. This makes it difficult to breathe through the nose, which feels clogged. A greenish or yellowish tinge of secretion is a sign of the dispersal of pathogens.
Pain often occurs in the forehead, jaw, or around the eyes, rarely on the teeth. The pain usually increases when you lean forward - for example, when you get out of bed. The sense of smell is often limited or completely disappeared. Many sufferers also feel congestion in the face area.
Therapy
Many people wonder if the sinuses are clogged, then what to do? There are several options for solving this problem, including taking medication. Their choice depends on the type of disease, since the clogged sinuses can be caused by frontal sinusitis, sinusitis and other inflammations, which can be of a different nature.
Indications for vacuum rinsing of the nose
Saline irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis. Intranasal steroid versus placebo or no intervention for chronic sinusitis. Systemic and topical antibiotics for chronic rhinosinusitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis.
Decongestants, antihistamines, and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children. Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis. Intranasal steroids for acute sinusitis. We do not offer individual advice. Our information is based on high quality research. As we develop our texts and keep them up to date, we detail our methods.
After the diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe the following drugs:
- Decongestants. They will help to cope with swelling in the nasal passages and make breathing easier. As a rule, such funds are presented in the form of nasal drops and sprays: Phenylephrine, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline. Tablets are also often prescribed: Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine. Drops and spray must be used no more than 5 days, tablets no more than 7 days.
- Antihistamines. In some cases, sinus congestion can be caused by allergies. In order to cope with the disease, it is necessary to take antiallergic drugs. It is recommended to use combination drugs that will simultaneously help with allergies and relieve swelling of the mucous membranes, this will reduce the pressure in the sinuses.
- Pain relievers. They are used to eliminate unpleasant painful sensations in their area. These drugs include: Naproxen, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen.
Inflammation of the sinuses can be caused by improper treatment of pre-existing conditions. Therefore, self-medication therapy is very dangerous, especially without an accurate diagnosis.
Colds and flu are respiratory diseasescaused by viral strains. Although both infections have some general symptoms, in fact, these are two different diseases. Both conditions are transmitted, but the time at which people become contagious is not the same, depending on which one was incarcerated. To be well prepared, it is best to know how they work and the precautions to take, in solidarity with others if we are unlucky enough to be contaminated.
Symptoms and course of sinusitis
It is one of the most common illnesses and causes many cases of sick leave each year. We are in the period of colds, because its most frequent period is from September to April. Its high incidence during this period is due to the fact that people usually remain in closed and overcrowded places. Low-carbohydrate environments, such as when heated, promote their proliferation by drying the nasal passages, becoming more vulnerable.
It is important to consult a doctor on time, he will diagnose and select the appropriate drugs, which will help to avoid complications and negative consequences.
Washing
The presented drugs are quite effective for sinus congestion if used correctly, in accordance with the instructions and prescriptions of the doctor.
Those who suffer from the common cold are more contagious at the time the symptoms appear. Colds can be caused by over 200 various viruseswhich cause inflammation of the membranes lining the nose and throat. Among all these agents, the main perpetrators are the so-called rhinoviruses, adenoviruses and coronaviruses. Faced with so many stresses, our body is unable to develop all the defense mechanisms that could fight them.
The consequence of the reaction to it is more than the virus itself, the symptoms of the common cold. This indicates that those who are affected are more infectious at the moment when signs of illness appear. These symptoms include nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, hoarse voice, cough and eye irritation.
Washing with folk remedies
In addition to pharmaceutical preparations, alternative methods of treatment can also be used. Washing can be done with an aspirator, a special teapot, and other items for flushing the sinuses. Thanks to a procedure such as washing, the swelling of the mucous membranes passes, and the capillary system also returns to normal, which allows the epithelium to fight pathogens.
Treatment of sinusitis at home, is it possible to cure sinusitis without antibiotics and punctures?
Cold transmission can occur through sneezing, coughing, or contact with contaminated surfaces. When symptoms decrease, the risk of transmission also decreases, although it persists. The cold stays on average three to ten days, so during this period we must be especially careful with others.
No age group can be infected with this highly transmissible respiratory virus... Their symptoms can vary greatly from one person to another, and the risk to the subject can vary from a small degree to a threat to the victim's own life. These symptoms are more severe than cold symptoms and affect the entire body.
To the most popular recipes folk remedies for washes include:
- Salt solution. To prepare the composition, you need 0.5 tsp. sea \u200b\u200bsalt and 300 ml of a little warm water. Helps eliminate inflammation.
- Camomile tea. It will take 1 tbsp. l. dried plant and 1 cup boiling water. Insist for 15 minutes, let cool, drain. The infusion has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and sedative effects.
- Propolis solution. It helps well with sinusitis. You need to take 1 glass of warm water, add 1 tsp. salt and 15 drops of propolis tincture. It is necessary to use the solution for a week.
- Onion juice. Juices from onions, carrots and beets have a good antimicrobial and cleansing effect. The agent is used in the form of nose drops. Before use, the juice from these components is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 3.
- Celandine solution. This tool must be used correctly and in small quantities so as not to face negative consequences. For 1 glass of water, you will need 2 drops of fresh plant juice. When performing washes with celandine, you can get rid of nasal congestion and inflammation of the mucous membranes.
To use traditional medicine brought only benefit, you need to make sure that it is not contraindicated. Be sure to check with your doctor.
Causes of sinus inflammation
Only 1 to 8% of flu infections occur before symptoms appear. The fluid spreads through a process called viral excretion, whereby the body starts sending more cells to spread and infect other objects. These cells can be secreted in different ways, such as through mucus or saliva, from where they spread through the environment.
Avoid the spread of viruses
If we have been affected, we must follow a series of healthy habits: eating a good diet and resting - these are three simple practices that make it easier for us to fight these diseases. In solidarity, it is also important to follow three simple steps to protect others.
In addition to using various drugs and drops, you can also use the advice of doctors that will help you quickly cope with the disease. These include:
- Inhalation with essential oils such as peppermint and eucalyptus. When vapors with drugs are inhaled, they penetrate well into the mucous membranes, which improves the discharge of mucus and relieves inflammation.
- In the absence of high fever, take a hot shower for 10 minutes, then drink a cup of herbal tea. This will make breathing easier and relieve the headache. If the disease is in remission, it is useful to visit the bathhouse.
- It is necessary to ensure the optimal level of air humidity in the room, since dry and hot irritates the mucous membranes. You can purchase a moisturizer with a few drops of essential oil.
Regular inhalation of steam in combination with plenty of drinking and the use of basic medications will help to quickly get rid of the clogged sinuses.
Cover: When a cough or sneeze is necessary to cover the mouth and nose with a cloth, if not, then with a forearm or sleeve. Floating handkerchiefs: these should be thrown away as soon as they are used.Using new tissues will reduce the potential for infection and keep your hands clean. Wash your hands often: this is especially important after contact with body fluids. If this cannot be done, if we are close to people suffering from colds or flu, it is important, as far as possible, not to touch objects such as doorknobs. It should be remembered that if a person is sick for one of these reasons, it would be wise to stay at home, not only for their health and well-being, but also because it is the best way to prevent the entire group from spreading in enclosed environments like offices.
If you feel that your nasal passage is clogged and this is not a one-time occurrence, visit a specialist and take the prescribed course of treatment.
The paranasal sinuses are air cavities that communicate with the nasal cavity through natural openings in the side wall. Sinuses play a role in providing thermal and mechanical protection to the eye socket and brain, and increase the strength of the bones of the facial skeleton. They also take part in the formation of the voice and the reception of sound signals. They perform an important respiratory function - they moisturize, heat and purify the inhaled air.
Unfortunately, it is known that the working world is not kind to this type of absenteeism. When it comes to bacterial infection, it cannot be avoided. With viral infections, let's try to help ourselves with home remedies. Ioannina just came to me. She tried to heal herself by doing her homework. Help came when she had a fever. The infection attacked the ears and throat, and the sinus discharge was yellow-green.
Sinusitis beyond the feeling of a permanently clogged nose in the area around the forehead, nasal bridge, and cheeks causes pain and pressure, especially when you bend over or get up in the morning. If the secretion is clear and watery, a virus has caused the inflammation. If it is dense, yellowish or greenish, bacteria.
Sinusitis classification
Sinusitis Is a disease of the mucous membrane of one or more sinuses, always developing with inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Three forms of inflammation can be distinguished:
- acute inflammationthat, after recovery, does not leave changes in the mucous membrane;
- recurrent acute inflammationrecurrent episodes of acute inflammation, but with proper treatment, does not leave long-term changes;
- chronic inflammationcannot be eliminated by conservative treatment.
Causes of sinus inflammation
The cause of inflammation of the sinuses in adults, viruses are most common. Infection occurs most often directly through the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose. Viruses usually cause mild illness. But on its basis, bacterial superinfection can develop. With infections bacterial origin streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococci predominate. Infection with other pathogens, for example, fungal, refers to patients with deeply impaired immunity.
With severe sinusitis, you may experience heat, general weakness and malaise. Sometimes the disease gains appetite and causes a feeling of disturbance. To confirm sinusitis, a laryngologist performs an endoscopy of the nasal cavity. This test can carefully examine the inside of the nose and sinuses on a monitor. Check the patency of the sinuses. Detect anatomical changes such as nasal constriction, polyps, or mucosal hypertrophy.
They prevent ventilation of the sinuses. The research also makes it easier to choose a method of treatment - sometimes with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, you just need to treat the infection, and in other cases, surgery is necessary. For a more accurate assessment of the sinus structures, the laryngologist can order computed tomography. Sometimes, when the doctor is unsure of the diagnosis, he will make a nasal tampon.
How does sinusitis develop? Nasal and sinus infections - This is one of the common diseases that a laryngologist encounters in his daily work. Often, inflammatory changes affect several sinuses, due to the proximity of their location. Together with the inhaled air, dirt and microorganisms enter the nasal cavities and sinuses. Healthy sinuses have a robust self-cleaning mechanism that involves cells that produce mucus and cilia of the epithelium lining the sinuses. The cilia have the ability to move mucus along with dirt in only one direction - to the back of the nose. Violation of this mechanism leads to inflammation.
In the treatment of sinusitis, anti-inflammatory, nasal narrowing. Contains ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine. Quick relief, easy breathing and soothing headaches. They can also be used as nasal drops, but only if the nose and sinuses are not blocked. When the droplets cannot reach the infection site, the doctor will usually coordinate the antibiotic. May combine it with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids. It happens that long inflammatory process causes fibrosis of the mucous membrane of the nose and sinuses and their growth.
Predisposing factors are: a deviated nasal septum, improper design of the wiring system. There are genetically determined diseases in which the movement of cilia waves is disturbed, as well as environmental factors that can cause malfunctioning of cilia waves: high temperature, low humidity, pH changes, tobacco smoke, trauma, hormonal disorders.
Surgery may be required. The doctor needs to remove unnecessary mucous membrane and its adhesion. Sinus surgery is most often performed using an endoscope and microwaves. This is a relatively invasive and very accurate method. The doctor removes diseased tissue, which improves the work of the sinuses, removes severe pain and improves breathing. However, if the sinusitis is caused by anatomical defects, such as a bent nose or enlarged tonsils, more serious surgery is needed. It restores the nasal passage.
Sinusitis in children, what are the features, symptoms and treatment?
When we have a problem with recurrent sinusitis, we must guard against colds and all upper respiratory infections must be well and completely healed. We also need to take care of the nasal passages using a salt or salt bath.
Symptoms and course of sinusitis
Our nose surrounds ...The symptoms of sinusitis are varied and depend on which sinuses are inflamed. Inflammation inside the sinuses causes them to swell, which limits their patency and leads to headaches or a feeling of heaviness in specific areas. The pain increases with pressure on this place.
Special instructions for the "cuckoo"
It is also important to avoid smoky and dirty rooms, as inhaling such air irritates the mucous membrane and leads to infection. Avoid leaving your home with a high concentration of smog. When we use the pool, we dry our hair before going out. Avoid swimming in the sauna to avoid exposing your nose to sudden temperature changes. This increases the risk of sinusitis.
Heat the salt in a linen bag. A warm, but not hot, compress to the forehead. The lids warm up and relax. Sea salt contains iodine and bromine, which penetrate the skin through the skin and facilitate the removal of secretions in the sinuses. Granny's mud granules. To 5 ml of physiological solution add 2 drops of hydrogen peroxide, mix. First we put one on the nose, then slightly on the head. If the burning sensation that appears too much, replace saline water. The lotion is safe, but always check with your doctor.
- In the case of inflammation of the sinuses, which lie under the eyes and on the sides of the nose, the pain includes the face, teeth and forehead.
- In case of inflammation of the sinuses, which lie at the height of the forehead, the pain spreads to the forehead.
- In case of inflammation of the sinuses, which lie above the nose and on the sides of the eyes, pain covers the area behind the eyes and a headache occurs.
Characteristic symptoms of sinus inflammation - it's the same:
- rhinitis (catarrh);
- fever, approximately 38ºC;
- headache - when bending, with pressure in the sinus area;
- cloudy discharge from the nose or back wall throats that become thicker and usually take on a characteristic greenish color;
- nasal congestion;
- breathing through the mouth;
- bad breath;
- cough;
- speech "through the nose."
Sinus inflammation symptoms go through:
- a week (viral sinus inflammation);
- less than four weeks (acute sinusitis, usually caused by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract);
- 4-12 weeks (subacute sinusitis);
- more than twelve weeks (chronic sinusitis, usually caused by an allergic reaction, less often the appearance of dental abscesses or other infections).
Diagnosis of sinus inflammation
The basis for the diagnosis of sinusitis in the nasal sinuses is a properly collected interview with the patient, as well as a medical examination by a doctor. In laboratory studies, leukocytosis is detected in the blood, a high sedimentation rate can be noted.
The best test to show the condition of the sinuses is a CT scan. It allows you to see changes such as loss of sinus aeration, fluid in the sinuses, mucosal polyps, or possible complications. An X-ray image can only be useful when acute sinusitis.
To accurately determine the pathogen, remove pus or administer the drug, a sinus puncture is performed. The purpose is to extract fluid for microbiological examination, assess sinus capacity, and deliver medication.
Sinusitis in children
Sinusitis is a fairly common disease in childhood, in 90% of cases caused by bacteria. Diagnostic difficulties stem from the variety of symptoms according to age group. The greatest difficulty is the diagnosis in infants and young children. School-age children complain of pain and pressure in the orbital area, mucopurulent discharge in the nasopharynx, a feeling of nasal congestion. Acute inflammation is accompanied by elevated temperature body, often above 38 degrees C.
In infants, sinusitis can be suspected when the child becomes restless, has no appetite, or does not gain weight. An indirect symptom may be swelling of the eyelids or displacement of the eyeball to the side. This is due to the anatomical proximity of the structures of the sinuses and orbit, and insufficient formation of the wall between them.
The method of choice is conservative treatment, consisting of taking antibiotics (14-21 days), drugsacting on the mucous membrane around the mouth, analgesics, antipyretics, antihistamines and moisturizers. Surgical treatment is used as a last resort when the drug does not work or the destruction of bone structures occurs. Any acute sinusitis in children with a severe course threatens the occurrence of complications and is an indication for hospitalization.
Chronic sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis is talked about when the inflammatory process lasts 8-12 weeks, despite correct treatment... The disease occurs in both children and adults. Most often it concerns the supramaxillary sinuses. Manifested by discharge from the nose of a purulent, mucous, mixed or watery character, which impedes free breathing. Discharge flowing down the back of the throat causes cough and sore throat, pain in the vicinity of the nose, eye sockets, forehead, or, finally, impaired sense of smell. In some cases, chronic sinusitis presents with sinus polyps that can fill the nasal cavity over time.
Chronic sinusitis develops most often in people with low resistance, poor dental health, who have not properly treated the acute phase of the disease. The type of pathogenicity and the anatomy of the mouth of the sinuses also have an influence.
To recognize chronic sinusitis, a sinus function test, usually a CT scan, and a thorough examination of the patient must be done. Often required puncture of the inflamed sinus.
Treatment in most cases consists in surgical expansion of the natural mouth and removal of the pathologically altered sinus mucosa. You can also use antibiotics, decongestants, glucocorticoids, and medications that thin sinus and nasal secretions. In cases where the inflammation is the result of poor dental health, it is necessary to remove the damaged teeth.
Sinusitis treatment
Sinusitis can be treated conservatively or surgically. Conservative treatment consists of fighting infection, reducing tissue edema, and restoring nasal patency. Bacterial sinus infections are treated with antibiotics. If these drugs do not produce the desired results, the causes of the condition may be associated with too short treatment times, insufficient antibiotic dosage, inappropriate drug choices, or lack of follow-up. Sometimes, the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic therapy can be a sign of another cause of anxiety symptoms, for example, a viral infection. Antibiotics are unfortunately ineffective when infected with viruses.
Additional treatment consists of taking medications to relieve swelling of the sinuses and nasal mucosa. Usually ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is used in combination with antihistamines.
Surgical treatment is used to restore nasal patency, drainage and ventilation of the sinuses. The indication for surgical treatment is chronic inflammation, some benign tumors and foreign bodies in the sinuses.
Fungal sinusitis
Fungal sinusitis, contrary to appearances, is a fairly common disease. As a rule, it touches one or more sinuses. Often occurs in people who have taken antibiotics, steroids for a long time, medicinesthat reduce immunity in cancer patients after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Fungal sinusitis also occurs in diabetics and people who are HIV carriers.
Most often, patients are infected with Candida, Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus mushrooms. Symptoms that appear during the development of the disease are similar to classic sinusitis or sinusitis with polyps. The course of the disease can be different: from mild and limited to fulminant. Preliminary diagnosis involves obtaining a radiological image of the sinuses, and the results of mycological or histological examination bring confirmation.
For treatment, surgical intervention is necessary, which consists in cleansing the sinuses of fungal masses and removing polyps from the nose. This is followed by oral antifungal drug therapy.
Complications of sinusitis
It should be understood that complications may result from lack of treatment or inappropriate treatment of sinusitis. This can be facilitated by antibiotic therapy, a decrease in the patient's immunity, as well as the ever increasing resistance of bacteria. Complications of sinusitis include: intracranial complications, inflammation of the bone marrow, complications in the orbit.
Intracranial complications include sagittal sinus thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, mild meningitis, and epidural intracranial abscess. Orbital and ocular complications include optic neuritis, orbital phlegmon, abscesses, subperiosteal soft tissue inflammation, and inflammatory eyelid edema.
Complications of sinusitis of the sinuses are treated with radical cleansing of the diseased sinus. After elimination of complications, the patient receives intravenous chemotherapy drugs of a wide spectrum of action.