Medicine for the treatment of influenza and ARVI. Safe remedies for pregnancy and lactation. How to choose an antiviral agent.

In the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) different groups of drugs are used. They can be classified as follows:

Antiviral drugs.
Interferons and interferon inducers.
Homeopathic and herbal remedies.
Combined drugs.
Symptomatic medicines.

Antiviral drugs

First-generation drugs - the so-called M2 channel blockers - suppress the multiplication of the virus after it enters the cell. Remantadine is effective against influenza A viruses, as well as pathogens of some forms of tick-borne encephalitis. For the treatment of acute respiratory infections, rimantadine is not used.

It is used for the prevention of influenza during epidemics in adults and children, starting from the age of 7, as well as for the treatment of a disease that has arisen. Remantadine can disrupt the functioning of the digestive system and the nervous system. It is contraindicated in liver and kidney diseases, thyrotoxicosis, during pregnancy and lactation, in children under 7 years of age. This drug should be used with great care in persons with hypertension, epilepsy and cerebral atherosclerosis.

The second generation of influenza antiviral drugs are neuraminidase inhibitors. These include, in particular, oseltamivir (Tamiflu). This remedy works on all known types of influenza virus. Its use can help reduce mortality and complications from influenza, as well as reduce the risk of secondary bacterial infection. This drug is very effective, therefore it is usually recommended only during pandemics in a severe epidemiological situation. For the treatment of a common viral infection, this agent is not recommended.

Tamiflu can be used for over 1 year old and in adults. It is especially shown in closed groups where there is a high probability of an epidemic outbreak (for example, in military units).

The drug is well tolerated. It is contraindicated in severe renal failure. It can be used with caution in pregnant and lactating women.

Arbidol is a domestic drug with direct activity against influenza viruses. It is also an immunomodulator. It can be used by people over the age of 3 years for the prevention and treatment of influenza and SARS. The drug has practically no side effects. During pregnancy and breastfeeding it is undesirable to accept it.

Interferons and interferon inducers

Some of the most widely advertised and influenza - interferons and interferon inducers. Interferon is a protein produced in the human body to fight the virus. It has no specific action. The mechanism of action of drugs in this group is based on the direct administration of interferon or on the stimulation of its formation in the body.

Grippferon contains interferon alpha-2b, and is available as a spray and ointment in the nose. It is used to treat and and and children of all ages, as well as pregnant and lactating women. It is believed that the drug has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory effects, however, there are no serious scientific studies confirming these facts.

Anaferon, Ergoferon - drugs related to immunostimulants. Once ingested, they enhance the human antiviral defense. They are indicated for the prevention and treatment of ARVI and influenza, as well as others of any age, adults, pregnant and lactating. For persons under 18 years of age, "Anaferon for children" is produced. The effectiveness of these drugs has not been proven enough. Reviews of consumers and doctors about them are diametrically opposite.

These drugs do not cause any serious side effects. They are contraindicated in case of lactose intolerance and individual allergic reactions.

Kagocel enhances the production of its own interferon in the body. It is believed that the drug also has a direct antiviral effect. It is used for the prevention and treatment of colds in people over 3 years old. The medicine is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation. Side effects are represented mainly by individual intolerance.

Homeopathic and herbal remedies

Oscillococcinum is a homeopathic medicine used for the prevention and treatment of ARVI and mild influenza. It can be used by people of any age. Pregnant and lactating women need to be careful, but this medicine has no direct contraindications. It is not only indicated for patients with lactose intolerance.

Immunal is a herbal remedy based on the herb Echinacea. This medicinal plant stimulates immunity, has a direct antiviral effect. It is used mainly for the prevention of ARVI and influenza during an epidemic, it is produced both in the form of tablets and in a solution for oral administration. Immunal can be taken by children over 1 year old (in the form of a solution) and over 4 years old (in the form of tablets). The duration of the course should be from a week to two months.

The medicine is well tolerated, but it can cause an allergic reaction. It is contraindicated in severe systemic diseases (tuberculosis, blood diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, connective tissue diseases). During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the use of the product is possible with caution.

Aflubin is a homeopathic medicine used for the prevention and treatment of viral infections. It relieves inflammation, improves immune defenses, fights fever and intoxication, and kills viruses. The drug accelerates the disappearance of symptoms - a runny nose, cough, sore throat and others. It can be taken by people of any age, including pregnant and lactating mothers. Side effects include only individual intolerance to the components.

Combined drugs

The best cold remedy should relieve symptoms quickly, make you feel better, and be safe and easy to use. These requirements are met by modern combined drugs for ARVI and influenza. They usually include antipyretic substances (paracetamol), vitamins (ascorbic acid, rutin), decongestants (phenylephrine), antihistamines (pheniramine, diphenhydramine).

There are many combination drugs for the common cold on the market:

Antigrippin
Antiflu
Weeks asset
Grippostad
Grippoflu
Koldakt
Coldrex
Lemsip
Maxicold
Pentaflucin
Colds
Rinza
Rinzasip
Stopgripan
Teraflu
Fervex and others

Usually in one line of drugs there are products for children, with different tastes, with a high content of certain substances, which allows you to choose the best option.

Most of the combination products come in sachets containing hot drink powder. It is not recommended to take more than 3 sachets per day, as this can lead to an overdose of the components.

Side effects include disorders of the digestive system (abdominal pain, nausea), allergic reactions, and in rare cases, changes in the blood.

The use in pregnant and lactating mothers is often limited. It is imperative to consult a gynecologist before using such combined funds.

Symptomatic remedies

Separate medications are used to relieve certain cold symptoms.

Of the antipyretic drugs, paracetamol and ibuprofen have proven themselves well. Adults are allowed to use acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). One should not forget about the possible side effects of such drugs - stomach irritation and inhibition of hematopoiesis.

Decongestants are one of the most popular drugs for ARVI. These drugs in the form of drops or sprays in the nose help relieve swelling of the mucous membrane, restore normal nasal breathing. Do not forget about getting used to such drugs. When using them, it is recommended to frequently moisturize the nasal cavity with products based on sea water.

With a dry hacking cough, antitussives of central action help suppress this reflex reaction. They can only be used as directed by a doctor. Many contain codeine and are sold by prescription (Terpincod). One of the most effective drugs for eliminating cough without codeine is Libexin.

When a cough with sputum appears, mucolytics must be prescribed. One of the most popular drugs in this group is lazolvan. It reduces the viscosity of sputum, reduces the elasticity of its threads, makes it difficult to stick to the walls respiratory tract, splits phlegm into small parts, stimulates the production of a protective factor - a surfactant. The medicine accelerates the movement of the cilia of the epithelium, promoting their self-cleaning, stimulates local immunity, and reduces the multiplication of viruses on the mucous membrane. It can be used both internally and for inhalation in adults and children.

Lazolvan can cause nausea, abdominal pain, and a change in taste. It is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy and during breastfeeding. It should be used with caution in persons with impaired liver and kidney function.

Noteworthy is the drug Ascoril - a combination of a mucolytic, expectorant and bronchodilator. It also facilitates the removal of sputum from them. Ascoril is especially indicated for viral bronchitis in children. When used in large doses, the drug can cause an increase in heart rate, headache, nausea and vomiting, exacerbation of gastric ulcer. Ascoril is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, in diseases of the heart and thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, glaucoma, hypertension.

Thus, the high frequency of viral infections and the variety of their symptoms lead to the emergence of a large number of drugsdesigned to cope with the disease. In order not to harm your health and prevent the development of complications, when the first signs of a cold appear, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

Colds are the scourge of the cold seasons. When choosing a medicine for influenza or ARVI, two main criteria must be taken into account - effectiveness and safety for the body. Now in pharmacies there are new generation drugs with a pronounced antiviral and immunostimulating effect. They are more gentle than drugs of chemical origin, but they must be taken even before clinical signs of the disease appear.

Cycloferon

The drug combines immunomodulatory and antiviral properties. Cycloferon is used to treat ARVI, influenza and herpes viruses. This drug starts the cycle of interferon production in the body and maintains it at the desired level, while being quickly excreted by the kidneys. Cycloferon is prescribed in tablets or ampoules. When taking the drug, only allergic side reactions are possible.

Cycloferon is contraindicated in case of liver cirrhosis, allergies, pregnancy, breastfeeding. During lactation, the drug is approved for use. Cycloferon is fully compatible with other drugs. Not recommended for use in children under 4 years of age.

Anaferon

Available in tablet form. In addition to the immunostimulating effect, it has an antiviral effect against colds and flu. Quickly eliminates the symptoms of intoxication, reduces the risk of complications. Adverse reactions include only allergic manifestations, which occur very rarely.

Anaferon should not be used during lactation and pregnancy.

Grippferon

Available as drops and nasal spray. Effectively fights against the main pathogens of ARVI, influenza and parainfluenza. Taking the drug Grippferon reduces the duration of the disease by 30%. It can be used as a prophylactic agent during influenza epidemics. Adverse reactions are extremely rare and appear in the form of allergic rashes.

The use of the drug is contraindicated in the presence of individual intolerance, as well as in severe forms of allergy.

Ridostin

The solution is intended for subcutaneous and intravenous administration and is used for the treatment and prevention of influenza, ARVI. Differs in high efficiency. The course of drug treatment is 2 days.

Ridostin should not be taken by pregnant women, lactating mothers, as well as people with hypersensitivity and severe pathologies of the kidneys and liver.

The drug has the strongest antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-Chlamydial properties. It contains antibodies aimed at combating herpes viruses, rotaviruses and staphylococci.

Among the immunomodulatory drugs, there are drugs that are prescribed strictly according to the indications of an immunologist only after a detailed examination of the patient. This group includes such funds as:

Immunal;
Isoprinosine;
Imudon;
Bronchomunal;
Ribomunil;
IRS-19;
Methyluracil.

These drugs can only be considered in a preventive treatment regimen, and not in a general treatment regimen for a viral disease.

Symptomatic drugs

Cold remedies are an effective adjunct to basic ARVI and flu medications. They cannot fight viruses and stimulate immune cells, but they perfectly eliminate intoxication and respiratory manifestations.

Antipyretic

Paracetamol has always been considered the most effective antipyretic agent. It relieves pain, contains no preservative additives and chemical substances... Paracetamol is the main component of most cough medicines new generation. The most famous paracetamol derivatives include:

Tylenol;
Panadol;
Efferalgan;
Ibuklin;
Coldrex;
Teraflu;
Rinzasip;
Rinza.

Antihistamines

Today, third generation antihistamines are available. Unlike the previous ones, they have neither sedative nor cardiotoxic effect, therefore they do not affect concentration. There are also no negative consequences for the nervous and cardiac systems.

The most effective for colds are:

Claritin;
Fenistil;
Zyrtek;
Semprex;
Gismanal;
Telfast.

With prolonged use of such drugs, their therapeutic effect decreases, so each drug should be used no more than 10 days.

Vasoconstrictor drugs

Nasal drops are difficult to do without nasal congestion. These drugs act on receptors in the nasal mucosa, narrowing blood vessels and reducing swelling. Vasoconstrictor drops improve air passage by 17-30%. But at the same time, they are capable of causing damage in the structure of the mucous membrane, if taken for more than 3-5 days.

The most popular nasal medications are:

Vibrocil;
Galazolin;
Otrivin;
Knoxprey;
Rinazoline;
Nazol baby.

Vibrocil and Nazol baby are considered the most modern and safe of all vasoconstrictors and are recommended for the treatment of cold symptoms in children.

Video

conclusions

Despite the variety of new generation drugs for the treatment of ARVI and influenza presented above, the choice of a drug remains an urgent task for a doctor. The method and course of treatment of ARVI or influenza is directly related to the severity of the course of the infectious process, the form of the disease and the presence of complications. The success of therapy depends on the correct assessment of the patient's condition and the timely initiation of treatment. In this regard, the main recommendation for patients is an initial visit to a medical institution and a consultation with a general practitioner.

It is much better for our health not to treat any ARVI, but not to allow it to occur. But if, nevertheless, it was not possible to avoid a cold, what antiviral agent best used for healing. There are many drugs on the Russian pharmaceutical market today, but which drugs are really worth taking for ARVI.

Why is it so important to treat ARVI

Our people do not consider ARVI to be a serious disease and "treat" it with hot tea with honey and raspberries. We often carry the infection on our feet, not at all thinking that it can have dangerous consequences for us. In addition, in such a situation, we infect others with a virus, when there are many antiviral agents.

By taking these drugs, we reduce the risk of complications such as otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia and bronchitis. By taking antiviral drugs, we protect our home and others from the spread of infection.

Even more troubles can bring ARVI to children, since it is they who most often have consequences in the form of ENT diseases or pneumonia. If a child catches a cold too often, then his immune defense is suppressed, allergic reactions often occur, and psychophysical development slows down. If the parents begin to take any antiviral agent on time, and also give it to the child for prevention, this will help to avoid infection and further undesirable consequences.

Antiviral agents, widely used for colds, viral diseases and influenza, can be conditionally divided into several groups:

Immunostimulants are drugs that for a short time increase non-specific immunity, promote the production of interferon;
Vaccines are special sera that stimulate the secretion of antibodies even before the onset of the disease.

These drugs, acting on the replication of the virus, block its reproduction. They can be based on both natural and synthetic origin, and are used as preventive measures against influenza and SARS, or for the treatment of these diseases. Generally respiratory diseases of viral etiology, modern anti-influenza drugs of a wide spectrum of action, drugs against cytomegalovirus and antiherpes are treated.

If ARVI has a severe course, then antiviral drugs, with a mild form of infection, treatment with interferons is acceptable. As already specified, there are chemical and homeopathic preparations of antiviral action, in addition, they are subdivided into interferons and immunomodulators. Each of these groups is noteworthy.

Synthetic antiviral agents

There is a whole list of synthetic antiviral agents that are actively used in therapy colds... These are quite effective drugs, and relatively inexpensive, among which Arbidol, Tamiflu, Acyclovir and Remantadin are worth highlighting. The safest of these is Acyclovir, but its action, unfortunately, is limited to infections caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

This is perhaps the most affordable antiviral agent in terms of cost. It is produced both in syrup and in tablet form. The drug is highly effective against group A viruses, especially at the beginning of infection with ARVI. Usually Remantadine is prescribed during epidemics of influenza, is contraindicated in children under one year old and pregnant women. Remantadine can cause side effects such as headache and dizziness, nausea-vomiting syndrome, increased fatigue and decreased attention, delayed reaction, tachycardia. On average, Remantadine will cost 50-170 rubles.

This is the latest generation of ARVI remedy, very effective against influenza infection. Tamiflu drugs are equally effective at any stage of infection. Studies show that after taking it, the duration of the fever and the risk of complications are halved. But, unfortunately, the remedy has a lot of side reactions, among which the most harmless are cough, lethargy, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea and headache... Tamiflu, according to researchers from Japan, is capable of provoking mental disorders, causing depression, psychosis or suicidal tendencies. Due to this bouquet of side effects, Tamiflu is categorically forbidden to be taken by young children under 12 years of age. As for taking during pregnancy and lactation, the issue is controversial, so the doctor must make the decision. In addition to such adverse reactions, the drug has one more difference; the prohibitively high price of 1000-1400 rubles.

Arbidol's preparations are broad-spectrum antiviral agents that suppress viruses of groups A and B. There are practically no negative reviews about the drug, but the instructions indicate that Arbidol can cause Quincke's edema, stomach pain and all sorts of dermatitis. That is why this antiviral agent is not allowed to be used to treat children under 3 years of age. The cost of the drug Arbidol is ambiguous and can be 140-600 rubles.

Immunomodulators

This is perhaps the most extensive group of antiviral drugs that stimulate the production of their own interferon, which will subsequently fight the virus. The most popular drugs in this group are Imudon, Immunal, Methyluracil, Ribomunil, Isoprenosine, etc. These drugs are not used to treat ARVI, since the first manifestations of its action begin to be felt after a half-month intake.

Immunal

The drug mainly consists of echinacea juice, which has a specific effect on the body, resulting in a significant increase in resistance to ARVI. Due to the increase in the number of white blood cells and their increased ability to phagocytosis, microorganisms cannot penetrate into the body, and if they succeed, they are instantly destroyed by antibodies.

Experts do not advise taking Immunal during lactation and pregnancy without medical advice. The drug is available in the form of tablets or nasal drops, the cost of which can be 240-280 rubles.

Interferons

In case of colds in babies, it is recommended to use antiviral drugs from the interferon group, since they are the safest and have a wide spectrum of action. These drugs have mostly positive reviews, since they have shown high efficiency against most of the existing pathologies of viral etiology. Interferon has an active effect on all possible ARVIs, and since it is produced in our body, the only negative reaction to its presence may be caused by hypersensitivity to a foreign protein.

Practice shows that taking such antiviral drugs for ARVI, you can get rid of a cold in a day or two, and the effectiveness of interferons is the same at all stages of infection. Medicines of the interferon group are available in the form of injections, nasal drops and suppositories. Among the most famous drugs in this group, it is worth highlighting Viferon, Grippferon, Cycloferon, Kipferon, etc. These drugs can even be used in the treatment of infants, and the low price of Interferon (about 50-100 rubles) makes it even more remarkable and affordable. Viferon and Kipferon are produced in candles, but Viferon has a synthetic base, which is why it has a smaller spectrum of side reactions.

Experts do not recommend using antiviral drugs like Amiksin, Neovir or Cycloferon in the treatment of bronchitis and colds, since they contribute to the production of interferon not immediately, but after some time. It is advisable to take these drugs only as a prophylaxis.

Separately, a new drug for the treatment of ARVI Derinat should be distinguished from this group. This is also a very effective immunostimulant, but it starts to work much faster, providing a rapid synthesis of interferon to the child's body. The product is available in the form of nasal drops, which makes it easier to use even when treating babies. Derinat's drugs do not have age-related contraindications, which is confirmed by numerous reviews.

For example, Svetlana from Tyumen claims that “I am very pleased with the drops. I took them during pregnancy. She cured ARVI almost instantly. "

But Catherine writes: “I treated my daughter with these drops for 3 months. The infection receded, not having time to start, probably, the beginning to treat on time ”.

Hence, it follows that Derinat is a universal children's medicine for colds. On average, the price of drops is 230-300 rubles.

Homeopathic medicines

Medicines of this group began to be used quite often in the treatment of colds and respiratory pathologies in children, and in older patients too. The most famous of them are Vibrukol, Aflubin, Otsillococcinum. It is very difficult to understand the effect of these drugs, but they somehow activate the immune system, that is, they have an immunostimulating effect. The average price of a drug, for example, Oscillococcinum, is 340-1150 rubles. (6-30 doses).

In general, taking antiviral drugs helps to reduce the duration of the ARVI course by several days, reduces the possibility of getting a complication from an infection or exacerbation of existing pathologies of a chronic form.

All antiviral agents affect the level of human immunity. They are used for various viral infections - herpes, infectious diseases respiratory and excretory systems, as well as those associated with the state of immunodeficiency.

The action of drugs is based on the binding of the constituents of the drug with the ribosomes of infected cells, and the virus stops multiplying. The body copes quickly with intoxication and the remnants of infection.

What dermatological diseases are used for antiviral drugs

In the treatment of skin diseases, systemic drugs are used. This is a small group of drugs that are only used in dermatology. But they have no alternative in the treatment of diseases such as other infections. Less commonly, they can be prescribed in the complex treatment of chickenpox. The effectiveness of these drugs is due to inhibitory activity, which belongs to types 1 and 2 of herpes simplex viruses.

Inexpensive but effective antiviral drugs that are used for these purposes: Acyclovir, Vidarabin, Ribavirin... Acyclovir is an inexpensive but effective antiviral drug for herpes. Before taking it, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with side effects such as depression, hemolytic anemia, thyroid disorders and allergies.

Sometimes to fight viral skin diseases use interferon inducers. it Amiksin, Cycloferon, Neovir.

Effective antiviral drugs

Damp and cold weather makes a person especially vulnerable to viral infection. And at this time we are wondering which antiviral drug is the most effective? In the fight against the virus, the most effective antiviral drugs should be used. Any of these medications can successfully fight off viral infections:

Kagocel Is an immunomodulatory drug that includes the sodium salt of the copolymer. It accelerates the formation of late interferon in the body, due to which antiviral activity is realized. Treatment should be started before the acute phase of the disease occurs. Admission as a prophylactic agent is allowed. The drug does not cause side effects, sometimes an allergic reaction is possible. Kagocel is an effective antiviral drug for children from three years of age. Not recommended for lactating and pregnant women. The cost is about 250 rubles.

Citovir 3... The composition contains bendazole, which stimulates the production of interferon, and ascorbic acid. Available in baby syrup, instant powder and capsules. In patients with vascular dystonia, it can lower blood pressure. The medicine is not used for hypotension, stones in the genitourinary system, stomach ulcers, diabetes, pregnancy. The cost is about 350 rubles.

Ingavirin treats adenovirus infections, parainfluenza, influenza A and B, and some other diseases. Activates immunity to viral infection. Can only be used by adults over 18 years of age, pregnant women are limited. An allergic reaction is a side effect. The cost is about 400 rubles.

Tamiflu - has a strong antiviral effect, successfully fights against viruses A and B, but is ineffective in ARVI. It is possible for children from one year old, but subject to the correct dosage. Pregnant and lactating women are not prohibited under medical supervision. Side effects: insomnia, diarrhea, nausea. Long-term use can provoke depression and psychosis. The remedy is not used for prophylaxis. The cost is about 1200 rubles.

Amiksin... Antiviral action due to the component of tyrolone, a synthetic inducer of interferon. It is used in the treatment of many colds. Cannot be consumed under 7 years old, pregnant women, and lactation It can be used both for medicinal purposes and for prophylaxis. Rarely causes allergies. The cost is about 550 rubles.

Arbidol - effective against a group of viral pathogens, including rotavirus and associative coronavirus infections. The drug has been used since 1974. It is allowed to drink for children from three years old. May provoke headaches and allergic reactions. Belongs to the category of the safest means. The cost is about 130 rubles.

Remantadine - an adamantane derivative and an inexpensive antiviral drug for children and adults. It is especially effective against influenza A. Contraindicated in pregnant women and children under 1 year of age. May cause nausea, lethargy, and affect concentration. Despite the rare side effect, the effectiveness of the drug is at its best. The cost is approximately 50 rubles.

Oxolinic ointment - has a local effect. It is used as a prophylactic agent by lubricating the nasal mucosa. It is used for epidemics and high risk of infection. It has no contraindications. The cost is about 50 rubles.

Anaferon - a homeopathic group drug that stimulates immunity. It is an inexpensive but effective antiviral drug for children and adults. It is used for both treatment and prevention. Helps reduce the risk of complications. Can be assigned to everyone without restriction. There is a pediatric form of the drug. Contraindicated in lactose intolerance. The cost is about 170 rubles.

Oscilloccinum - also a homeopathic remedy. Has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect on a wide range of viral pathogens. The earlier at the onset of symptoms the drug is taken, the greater its effectiveness. The cost is about 600 rubles.

All of the above drugs are ranked in decreasing order of effectiveness, although even those at the bottom of the list can successfully resist colds and other viral diseases.

You can find out which drugs are inexpensive and effective by comparing their retail price. So, the most effective and inexpensive will be Kagocel, Tsitovir, Arbidol and Remantadin.

In some cases, the most expensive of all presented - the drug Tamiflu - can become irreplaceable. Having no prophylactic purpose, this is the only drug that successfully fights against atypical group A viruses, which are dangerous to human life.

Antiviral drugs are inexpensive but effective for children

All children's antiviral drugs differ in the minimum age from which they can be taken. So, inexpensive antiviral drugs for children, which are most beneficial to use, are Kagocel, Arbidol and Anaferon.

Antiviral drugs used in pregnant women

For nursing and pregnant women, the best will be Arbidol and Anaferon... A universal and inexpensive prophylactic agent without side effects and contraindications is oxolinic ointment. It should be noted that the first three drugs and Tamiflu are of foreign production, the rest are domestic.

So, comparing price and efficiency, one can see that domestic antiviral drugs are in no way inferior in quality to foreign ones, and at a lower cost, which is an advantage when choosing a suitable drug for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. But, taking them, you need to carefully read the composition of the drug and the instructions for use.

So, with the main substance, there can be auxiliary ones, for example, paracetamol, the action of which is sometimes undesirable. But it is better to consult a doctor before using the medicine.

Unfortunately, it is difficult to find such drugs. Doctors lack the capacity to treat viral diseases... The main role in the elimination of pathogens is played by immunity. Modern prevention reduces the load on the lymphocytic link, which reduces the severity of complications, side effects from infection.

Flu and cold medications

For the prevention of upper respiratory tract diseases, we present a list of antiviral agents. To protect against viral infections, all drugs are divided into 3 categories:

Based on adamantine core. Mechanism of action of blockade of M2 channels of respiratory epithelium receptors. The situation prevents the replication of the influenza virus. Adamantane drugs do not work on the influenza B virus. The list of drugs for influenza infection must necessarily contain M2 blockers when combined with other drugs that work against all types of influenza viruses;
2nd generation drugs inhibit viral neuraminidase. The representative of the group is zanamivir. Relenza does not require a combination with other antiviral drugs due to its effect on serotypes A and B.

Adamantanes are inexpensive. Neuraminidase inhibitors are somewhat more expensive, but the combination of drugs should be considered when compiling the list. When choosing medicines, the causative agents of previous influenza infections should be identified. Only prognostically it is possible to determine the future causative agents of respiratory diseases.

Reliable antivirals for colds

Inexpensive funds can be reliable, but only if they are optimally selected after careful prediction of the causative agents of the disease. Every year, the genome of the influenza virus changes, which does not allow the development of the only reliable vaccine.

The list of medicines is constantly expanding. There are several large laboratories worldwide developing influenza vaccinations. We should not forget about the availability of drugs that should be used in the initial stages of the disease. If the drugs are taken in the first 3 days, the likelihood of the multiplication of pathogens inside the respiratory epithelium is prevented.

For influenza serotype A, inexpensive M2 channel blockers can be given. Neuraminidase inhibitors (ribavirin) are used to predict infection with type B virus.

M2 channel blockers were created in 1961. The first drug is amantadine. The next generation of derivatives turned out to be more efficient. The number of side effects has been reduced. Here is a list of M2 inhibitors:

Deytiforin;
Midantan;
Remantadine.

Studies have proven their effectiveness in 70% of patients when taken in the first 2 days after infection. The antiviral effect is associated with a violation of the replication process of the pathogen inside the epithelium of the respiratory tract.

The therapeutic dose of remantadine is 50 mg. For convenience, 2 forms are available - tablets and syrup. For children under 7 years old, it is rational to use algirem at a dosage of 2 mg per ml. The duration of treatment with the drug should not exceed 5 days, but the manufacturers of remantadine allow increasing the frequency of administration to 14 days.

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Neuraminidase inhibitors are active against influenza A and B viruses. The mechanism of action of drugs involves blocking the viral enzyme. Under the influence of the drug, the ability of pathogens to penetrate into the respiratory epithelium is disrupted. Difficulty penetrating virions into the cell leads to the destruction of the pathogen by the protective components of the intrabronchial secretion.

Smokers have decreased levels of immunoglobulin A in the wall of the bronchial epithelium. When choosing in this category of patients, the dosage of neuraminidase blockers should be increased. Inhibitors reduce the formation of interleukins (cytokines), weaken the systemic manifestations of viral diseases. When taking Relenza, in practice, there is a restoration of appetite.

To achieve a positive effect, antiviral drugs should be taken during the first 3 days. Practical studies have shown a three-day period for the reproduction of the pathogen inside the bronchial epithelium. In this interval, 85% of patients have an increase in temperature. Hyperthermia is an indicator of the onset of infection. If you start taking antiviral drugs at this interval, infection is prevented, and the likelihood of complications decreases.

Common neuraminidase inhibitors are zanamivir, oseltamivir. The last drug is prescribed for 5 days at 75-150 mg. The prophylactic dose is 75 mg twice a day for 5 weeks. A dosage reduction is required in patients with impaired creatinine clearance - less than 30 ml per minute.

Relenza (zanamivir) is a structural analogue of sialic acid. By its chemical structure, the drug is a neuraminidase substrate. The introduction of the drug is carried out using a special inhaler - dischaler. The drug is prescribed twice a day for 10 mg. For prophylactic purposes, it is prescribed once a day, 10 mg. Practical experiments have shown the rapid accumulation of Relenza at the site of primary infection.

When using neuraminidase blockers, the side effect is observed in 1.5% of cases. Sinusitis, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, headache are common side effects of the drug. The medicine should be carefully applied to patients with bronchospasm, bronchopulmonary diseases.

List of antiviral drugs: ribavirin, arbidol, tamiflu

Rebetol (virazol, ribavirin) works against DNA and RNA viruses that cause the common cold. The drug protects against the rhinosincial virus. The mechanism of action of the drug is not clear. Scientists suggest disruption of messenger RNA ribonucleoprotein synthesis to block the polymerase enzyme. Inhalation is required to administer the medication.

Irritability;
Insomnia;
Eye irritation;
Narrowing of the bronchi;
Leukopenia.

There is an increased risk of drug crystallization inside the airways. There is scientific evidence for the teratogenic effect of ribavirin on the fetus.

Pleconaril, developed in the United States, is considered a promising antiviral agent. Experiments have proven the inhibitory effect of the drug on rhino- and enteroviruses.

From Russian developments against influenza, the use of arbidol is recommended. It inhibits the activity of viruses of serotypes A and B. The mechanism of action of the drug is the immunomodulatory and interferon-inducing effect of the drug on the causative agents of colds. Arbidol stimulates increased activity of phagocytes. Available in 0.1 gram tablets. For treatment, a dose of 0.2 grams is recommended three times a day. For prevention, a daily dose of 0.2 grams is recommended for 2 weeks.

Immunomodulatory agents: viferon, interferon

Immunogenesis regulators (interferons) are cells with increased immunological reactivity. Inducers are produced by different cells that regulate immunological responses.

With the introduction of interferons, the following mechanisms of influence on the body are observed:

Radioprotective;
Immunomodulatory;
Antiproliferative;
Antimicrobial;
Antiviral.

The diversity of the genetic material of influenza viruses is not a problem for immunomodulatory activators of defense systems. Under the influence of compounds, the following mechanisms of action arise:

Blockade of the beginning of antiviral broadcast;
Increased killer activity;
Stimulation of the cytotoxic action of T-lymphocytes;
Activation of the phagocytic activity of macrophages;
The ability to differentiate B-lymphocytes;
Enhanced replication activity of type 1 and type 2 antigens.

To get rid of viral diseases, interferons of the alpha or beta group are used.

The last scientific developments identified increased activity of tumor necrosis factor. The mediator stimulates the transformation of inactive macrophages into immune-protective cells.

Chemotherapy drugs such as betaferon (beta interferon) are available in vials containing about 9 million units. Take four times a day.

Leukocyte human interferon is a drug for intranasal or inhalation administration. Release form - bottle or ampoule.

Releases interferon-alpha-2 beta to stimulate immunity. It is used to treat influenza, acute respiratory diseases.

The composition of viferon includes tocopherol and ascorbic acid. The ingredients are characterized by antioxidants and membrane stabilizing properties. When combined with the components, the activity of interferon-alpha-2 beta increases by 10 times.

List of cold and flu pills:

Grippferon - effective for the treatment of influenza, acute respiratory viral infections. The main active ingredient of the drug is interferon-alpha-2 beta;
Tamiflu is based on oseltamivir. Used for the prevention of respiratory infections in elderly patients, children, citizens of social categories;
Amiksin - the active ingredient of the drug is tilorone. The drug is used for the treatment of viral hepatitis of groups A, B, C, cytomegalovirus, ARVI, urogenital infection;
Relenza (zanamivir) destroys serotype A and B viruses;
Kagocel is a medicine for effective prevention of influenza, acute respiratory viral infections, herpes. It is suitable for getting rid of childhood and adult infections;
Arbidol is a Russian development tool. It is used to treat subtypes of viruses of group A and B. The tool treats colds provoked by adenoviruses, coronaviruses, and other pathogens.

For the treatment of respiratory diseases, the above drugs should be used no later than 3 days after infection with viruses.

List of cold pills:

Sinupret;
Rinikold;
Remantadine;
Rinza;
Donormil;
Kagocel;
Baralgetas;
Grammidin;
Arbidol;
Anaferon.

The list of drugs is not only antiviral. The list refers to symptomatic medicines. To eliminate complications of flu and colds, you should choose one of the above remedies.

Immunotherapeutic agents

Immunotherapeutic agents from belong to the group of interferon inducers. The list of funds is extensive, but you should use synthetic compounds that have been tested in practice. They do not act directly on the causative agents of the common cold, but activate a list of the body's own reactions aimed at stimulating its own defense systems, activating macrophages, epithelial cells by the tissues of the brain, lungs, liver, and spleen. The mechanism of action of the drugs is to activate the early synthesis of interferons. Medicines are used to correct immunity.

Inexpensive interferon inducers:

Amiksin;
Cycloferon;
Ridostin.

Aromatic synthetic inducer of interferon - amiksin. The substance is produced by cells of the gastrointestinal tract, granulocytes, lymphocytes, hepatocytes. The drug stimulates the formation of interferon in blood cells. The therapeutic dosage of the drug is 250 units per milliliter.

Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with amixin is carried out for 4 weeks, but the course requires 5 tablets of the drug. The therapeutic dose is 1 tablet per week.

Cycloferon stimulates the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor. The compound has a broad spectrum of biological activity. The drug rapidly accumulates intracellularly. The mechanism of interferon-producing action is associated with the intercalation of a DNA molecule. The agent quickly enters the bloodstream.

Cycloferon quickly penetrates the blood-brain barrier without causing pronounced side effects.

Ridostin is an interferon inducer of plant origin. Derived from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The accumulation of the therapeutic dose in the serum is observed after 7 hours. After a day, the drug is not detected in the bloodstream.

The immunomodulatory effect of the agent is to stimulate the humoral and cellular link of immunity, to activate the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages. When taking the medicine, the formation of glucocorticosteroid hormones increases, which help get rid of viral infections and flu.

Dibazol is used to prevent acute respiratory viral infections. It has immunomodulatory activity, stimulates the synthesis of interferon. For prophylaxis, 1 tablet of 0.02-0.05 grams is prescribed once a day.

For the treatment of flu, doctors consider the following pills to be indispensable:

Fervex;
Teraflu;
Rinza;
Grippostad.

Tussamag;
Doctor IOM.

The variety of drugs for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections allows you to make a choice. Early drug use is key to effective treatment.

Inexpensive homeopathic remedies

Inexpensive homeopathic remedies for colds are used, as their effectiveness has been tested by practice. The pharmaceutical mechanism of action of drugs in this category has not been studied.

The positive effect of oscillococcinum in relation to colds has been proven by experiments conducted in Russia. Studies have confirmed the high efficiency, good tolerance of the drug when used in humans.

The study was conducted among medical professionals the city of Moscow. In the experimental group of physicians taking the drug, only 2% fell ill with acute respiratory infections... The indicator is impressive, as not many antiviral drugs have such clinical efficacy.

Homeopathy is practical. Mechanism therapeutic action of these drugs is being investigated. For a decade, no scheme has been found for the positive effect of drugs on the body. The effectiveness is determined by practice. Side effects on those medicines not found, despite the lack of a scientific explanation for the mechanism of elimination of pathological conditions.

When choosing pills, you should be careful about the choice. Chemotherapy, homeopathic medicines are medicines that should be taken at an early stage.

Therapy for viral diseases has not been developed. The main direction is the prevention of nosology. When choosing a treatment regimen for influenza, a doctor's consultation is necessary. To determine tactics, it is required to determine not only the pathogen, but also the frequency of airway inflammation in a patient per year. Be competent in the use of chemotherapy, since most drugs have a negative effect on internal organs!