Everyone knows a simple truth - it is easier to prevent any disease than to cure.
Note!
It doesn't matter if it's seasonal flu or a more serious illness. It's good that today there are many antiviral drugs, as well as immunostimulants that can reduce the risk of illness during the epidemic season.
Warts, removal methods.
Warts are also a viral disease that is caused. The process of infection can be "reinforced" by a decrease in immunity, microtrauma and other factors. Get rid of this disease will help antiviral drugs from warts. Of course, you can use the services of modern clinics and remove warts with a surgical or laser method, but if we are talking about a child, or a person simply prefers more conservative methods of treatment, you should opt for drug treatment, which is in fact no less effective.
Antiviral medications must be of a necrotizing group. So, it is recommended to choose products in the form of creams that have a cauterizing and mummifying effect. It is important that the herbal substance is present in the preparation. podophyllotoxin: It is very potent, and has a cytostatic effect in the affected area, causing wart necrosis.
Chickenpox, childhood disease and more.
Chickenpox is caused by the appearance, which is the causative agent of infection that develops inside the cells. First, the virus enters the human body together in the air, invading cells respiratory tract.
There, the virus rapidly multiplies and enters the bloodstream, spreading by current into the surface skin cells, mucous membranes, and in especially severe cases it also enters the internal organs. In places of cell death, a bubble with intercellular fluid appears.
To fight the disease, choose drugs that contain interferons... Even better, they are supplemented with antioxidants that increase anti-inflammation.
In addition, antioxidants weaken side effects drug (if the drug is used for the first time). The properties of such a medicine also include the stimulation of immunity, which is important. Not only drugs used internally can help, but also special ointments. They are applied to areas affected by chickenpox, and the bubbles heal much faster. It is worth emphasizing that antiviral drugs are capable of stopping the multiplication of the virus in the body at any stage. Using drugs, chickenpox will pass easier than usual: viruses will not aggressively infect nearby cells, and the number of bubbles will decrease.
If, nevertheless, the disease has overtaken, do not postpone treatment until later. But remember: taking antiviral drugs can be accompanied by side effects, so read the instructions for use carefully. If the choice fell on folk remedies, seek the advice of a qualified specialist to be sure of their effectiveness and not to start the disease. In any case, take care of yourself and be healthy!
ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is a huge group of diseases that are caused by various DNA and RNA viruses (there are about 200 of them).
They affect the respiratory system and are easily transmitted by airborne droplets. The disease always occurs acutely and proceeds with pronounced symptoms of a cold.
This is one of the most common diseases: in 80% of cases, schoolchildren miss classes due to the incidence of ARVI, and adults, for the same reason, lose almost half of their working time. Today we will discuss ARVI - symptoms and treatment of this infection.
The reasons
The main reasons for the development of a viral respiratory infection are about two hundred various viruses:
- influenza and parainfluenza, avian and swine flu;
- adenovirus, RS virus;
- rhinovirus, picornavirus;
- coronavirus, bocaruvirus, etc.
The patient becomes the source of infection during the incubation period and in the prodromal period, when the concentration of viruses in his biological secrets is maximum. The route of transmission of infection is airborne, when sneezing, coughing, talking, screaming with small particles of mucus and saliva.
There can be infection through common dishes and household items, through dirty hands in children and through food contaminated with viruses. Susceptibility to a viral infection is different - people with strong immunity may not be infected or suffer a mild disease.
Promote development respiratory infection factors such as:
- stress;
- poor nutrition;
- hypothermia;
- chronic infections;
- unfavorable ecology.
Signs of the disease
The first signs of ARVI in adults and children include:
- temperature increase;
- headache;
- sneezing;
- weakness, malaise;
- and / or.
SARS symptoms in adults
SARS usually proceed in stages, the incubation period from the moment of infection to the manifestation of the first symptoms is different, ranging from several hours to 3-7 days.
During the period clinical manifestations all acute respiratory viral infections have similar manifestations of one degree or another:
- nasal congestion, runny nose, scanty to profuse and watery nasal discharge, sneezing and itching in the nose,
- sore throat, discomfort, soreness when swallowing, redness in the throat,
- (dry or wet),
- fever from moderate (37.5-38 degrees) to severe (38.5-40 degrees),
- general malaise, refusal to eat, headaches, drowsiness,
- redness of the eyes, burning, lacrimation,
- digestive disorders with loose stools,
- there is rarely a reaction of the lymph nodes in the jaw and neck, in the form of enlargement with slight pain.
Symptoms of SARS in adults depend on the specific type of virus, and can range from a minor runny nose and coughing to severe febrile and toxic manifestations. On average, manifestations last from 2-3 to seven or more days, the febrile period lasts up to 2-3 days.
The main symptom of ARVI is a high infectivity for others, the timing of which depends on the type of virus. On average, an infectious patient is the last days of the incubation period and the first 2-3 days of clinical manifestations, gradually the number of viruses decreases and the patient becomes not dangerous in terms of the spread of infection.
In young children, a symptom of ARVI is often a stool disorder - diarrhea. Babies often complain of pains appearing in the abdomen at the first stage of the disease, then a disorder and after that it is possible sharp rise temperature. A rash may appear on the child's body. Cough and runny nose may appear later - sometimes even every other day. Therefore, you need to very carefully monitor the condition of the babies, and monitor the appearance of new signs.
How and how to treat ARVI when the first symptoms appear, we will consider a little below.
How many days does the temperature last for ARVI?
Sore throat and sneezing occur early in the development of the disease. And they usually go away in 3-6 days.
- Subfebrile temperature (mild manifestation of fever) and muscle pain usually accompany the initial symptoms, the temperature with ARVI is kept around a week, says Dr. Komarovsky.
- Nasal congestion, sinus congestion, sinus congestion – general symptomsusually persist for the first week. In about 30% of all patients, these symptoms persist for two weeks, although all these symptoms usually go away on their own after 7-10 days.
- Usually the first few days, the nasal sinuses are not clogged, abundant watery mucus is released from the nose, but over time the mucus becomes thicker, acquires a color (green or yellow). A change in the color of the discharge does not automatically indicate the presence of a bacterial infection; in most cases, the condition disappears in 5-7 days.
- A cough occurs in most cases of SARS, and is usually more productive than with the flu. The sputum ranges from clear to yellow-green and usually goes away in 2 to 3 weeks.
Although, a lingering dry cough can persist for 4 weeks in 25% of all infectious diseases.
Flu symptoms
The influenza virus is not in vain excluded by most specialists from the ARI group. Its differences from common colds are lightning-fast development, increased severity of the course of the disease, as well as complex treatment and an increased mortality rate.
- comes unexpectedly and in a matter of hours completely captures your body;
- Influenza is characterized by a sharp rise in temperature (in some cases up to 40.5 degrees), increased sensitivity to light, aches throughout the body, as well as pain: headaches and muscle pains;
- On the first day of the flu, you are protected from a cold, which is characteristic only of this virus;
- The most active phase of influenza falls on the third to fifth day of illness, and the final recovery falls on the 8-10th day.
- Considering that influenza infection affects blood vessels, it is for this reason that hemorrhages are possible: gingival and nasal;
- After suffering the flu, you can catch another illness within the next 3 weeks, such diseases are most often very painful and can be fatal.
ARVI prevention
Until today, there are no really effective measures for specific prevention of ARVI. Strict adherence to the sanitary and hygienic regime in the outbreak is recommended. These are regular wet cleaning and airing of premises, thorough washing of dishes and personal hygiene products for patients, wearing cotton-gauze bandages, frequent hand washing, etc.
It is important to increase the resistance of children to the virus by hardening, taking immunomodulators. Vaccination against influenza is also considered a preventive method.
During an epidemic, you should avoid crowded places, walk more often in the fresh air, take multivitamin complexes or ascorbic acid preparations. It is recommended to eat onions and garlic every day at home.
How to treat ARVI?
ARVI treatment in adults with a standard course of the disease is usually carried out at the patient's home. Bed rest, plenty of drink, drugs to combat symptoms of the disease, light but healthy and nutrient-rich nutrition, warming procedures and inhalations, and taking vitamins are required.
Many of us know that temperature is good, because this is how the body “fights” against invaders. It is possible to bring down the temperature only if it has risen above 38 degrees, because after this mark there is a threat to the state of the patient's brain and heart.
It must also be remembered that antibiotics are not used for ARVI, since they are indicated for ARI exclusively bacterial origin (for example), and ARVI is caused by viruses.
- For direct control of the causative agent of the disease, appoint: Remantadin (age limit from the age of seven), Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Amizon, Arbidol (age limit from two years), Amix
- : paracetamol, ibuprofen, diclofenac. These drugs have anti-inflammatory effects, lower body temperature, and relieve pain. It is possible to take these drugs as part of medicinal powders such as Coldrex, Tera - flu, etc. It should be remembered that it is not worth lowering the temperature below 38 ° C, because it is at this body temperature that the body's defense mechanisms against infection are activated. Exceptions are patients prone to seizures and small children.
- ... The main goal of cough treatment is to make the phlegm thin enough to cough up. The drinking regimen helps greatly in this, since the consumption of warm liquids dilutes the phlegm. If there are difficulties in expectoration, you can use the expectorant drugs mukaltin, ACC, bronchodilator, etc. You should not prescribe drugs that reduce the cough reflex on your own, as this can lead to dangerous consequences.
- Taking vitamin C can accelerate recovery from SARS and alleviate the condition, but does not prevent the development of the disease.
- For cold treatment and improvements in nasal breathing are shown vasoconstrictor drugs (Phenylephrine, Oxymethasone, Xylometazoline, Naphazoline, Indanazolamine, Tetrizolin, etc.) and, if necessary, longer use, drugs containing essential oils are recommended (Pinosol, Cameton, Evkazolin, etc.).
- A good help in the body's fight against infection will be taking immunomodulators, for example the drug Imupret. It enhances immunity and has an anti-inflammatory effect, significantly shortening the period of ARVI. This is exactly the remedy that is indicated for the prevention and treatment of colds.
- For significant pain and sore throat, it is recommended rinsing with antiseptic solutions, for example furacilin (1: 5000) or herbal infusions (calendula, chamomile, etc.).
Be sure to call a doctor if you or your child has any of the following symptoms: temperature higher than 38.5 C; Strong headache; pain in the eyes from the light; chest pain; shortness of breath, noisy or rapid breathing, difficulty breathing; rash on the skin; pallor of the skin or the appearance of spots on it; vomiting; difficulty waking up in the morning, or unusual sleepiness; persistent cough or muscle aches.
Antibiotics for ARVI
ARVI is not treated with antibiotics. They are completely powerless against viruses, they are used only when bacterial complications occur.
Therefore, antibiotics should not be used without a doctor's prescription. These are drugs that are unsafe for the body. In addition, the uncontrolled intake of antibiotics leads to the emergence of forms of bacteria resistant to them.
Antiviral agents
A huge number of viruses can become the cause of the disease. The most common among them are the influenza virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, herpes virus. Antiviral drugs for the treatment of ARVI in adults are
- homeopathic remedies;
- chemotherapy drugs;
- interferons;
- funds that stimulate the production of their own interferons;
- immunomodulators.
The action of antiviral chemotherapy drugs is based on suppressing the reproduction of the virus, which leads to a violation of the penetration of the virus into a healthy cell and thereby prevents its further spread. Moreover, the effectiveness of drugs in this group (remantadine, tamiflu, zanamivir) is about 70%. Their use is significantly limited by a narrow spectrum of action. For example, remantadine is effective only for influenza A, while remaining inactive against other pathogens.
The rest of the drugs in this group act on influenza A and B viruses. However, their use for quick treatment SARS in adults at the first symptoms of the disease is limited by the difficulty of diagnosis and their high selectivity. In addition, in 2% of cases, there may be severe side effects such as bronchospasm, diarrhea, sinusitis. This group also includes the well-known Russian drug Arbidol, which acts on influenza A and B viruses, as well as other respiratory viruses. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood.
Interferons play a leading role in protecting against the effects of viruses.
The drug Viferon, produced in the form of rectal suppositories, can be used for any viral infection, including that caused by the influenza virus. As an intranasal spray, influenza is used, which has a similar effect.
Interferon inducers are chemical compounds that can stimulate the body's own interferon production by cells. After taking the drug amiksin, the maximum concentration of interferon is reached after 4-20 hours. Cycloferon, being a low molecular weight compound, penetrates the blood faster. It is well tolerated by patients, can be used both in tablet form and parenterally. Both of these drugs can be used as effective treatment SARS in adults.
As for homeopathic remedies, such as aflubin, there is still no reliable information on the effectiveness of this group of drugs. In this regard, their use for the treatment of ARVI is limited exclusively to a preventive effect.
Immunomodulators, such as immunal, bronchomunal, are not suitable for the rapid treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in adults, since the effect of their use develops over time. However, as a prophylactic agent, they are very effective not only for ARVI, but also for other pathologies of the respiratory system.
There are two conflicting opinions regarding the use of antiviral agents as an etiological treatment. One group of doctors believes that it is difficult to do without drugs of this group in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections in adults, since they prevent the development of dangerous complications... Another group of specialists refers to these medicines as to chemical compounds with unproven effectiveness.
Treatment principles
In one thing, all practitioners are unanimous: for effective treatment of ARVI in adults, the following conditions must be met:
The use of antipyretics
As for such a symptom as hyperthermia, its presence also indicates an active response of the immune system.
Under the influence of temperature, the body's own interferon production increases. This is an important mechanism for fighting the infectious agent. By lowering the temperature with medication, the body loses the ability to more effectively fight the virus. Thus, the use of antipyretic drugs is indicated in cases where an increase in temperature becomes dangerous, the patient does not tolerate it well, as well as in the presence of severe concomitant pathology, especially of the cardiovascular and nervous system.
The main antipyretic drug used to treat influenza and ARVI is paracetamol.
Ibuprofen can also be used for these purposes. The use of aspirin is strongly contraindicated, since the side effects of this drug can lead to serious consequences in patients with influenza.
As for antibiotics, with ARVI they are not taken even for preventive purposes. These drugs will be extremely necessary in case of complications such as pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media. However, the doctor's task is to organize the treatment process in such a way as to exclude the possibility of complications. Until viral nature the disease is beyond doubt, antibiotics are not used.
Thus, treatment at the first signs of acute respiratory viral infections consists in observing conditions that contribute to the fastest death of the virus and includes adherence to the regime, comfortable environmental conditions, and plenty of drinking.
Symptomatic treatment
With regard to symptomatic treatment, then within 5-7 days after the onset of the disease, these symptoms will pass even without the use of medications. Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory drugs, available in large quantities in the pharmacy network, are ineffective for the treatment of throat with ARVI. It is much more expedient to use them for respiratory disease caused by a bacterial pathogen. Other catarrhal symptoms, cough, need correction if they are symptoms of complications or are so severe that it aggravates the patient's condition.
Features in elderly patients
ARVI treatment in older people is usually more difficult. They are more likely to develop complications such as pneumonia, sinusitis.
In addition, having a lower immunity, the presence of a virus in the body leads to an exacerbation of the existing chronic diseases, which leads to a more severe course of ARVI. The elderly are also a risk group for the incidence of diseases. Thinned atrophied nasal mucosa is in such patients a poor protective barrier against infection. Low immunity also does not contribute to protection against viral infections.
The main focus in the fight against the virus in older people is preventive measures. They include compliance with the following rules:
If an elderly person develops ARVI symptoms and has concomitant pathology, the drugs prescribed for the treatment of chronic diseases should be temporarily canceled, since they may not be combined with the newly prescribed treatment.
ARVI treatment, despite easy current in most cases, it is not an easy task. It is difficult to figure out the true causative agent of the disease and decide on antiviral agent... Patients with ARVI should be under the mandatory supervision of a therapist, since an important task is to prevent the development of complications. The following factors indicate that complications have appeared:
- persistence of hyperthermia for more than 5 days;
- deterioration of the patient's condition;
- the appearance of additional symptoms such as headache, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, vomiting, hearing loss, a change in the nature of the cough.
These facts indicate the need for repeated consultation with a specialist. Perhaps we are talking about the addition of a secondary bacterial infection that requires other approaches to treatment. In the treatment of otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, antibiotic therapy is the main method of treatment.
ARVI is an "acute respiratory viral infection", the causative agent of this disease can only be a virus. The symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections in adults develop rapidly, and the faster the response to the invasion of the infection is taken and treatment is started, the easier the immunity will cope with the disease.
The group of causative agents of respiratory infections includes more than 200 viruses, united by a common clinical picture of the disease and the localization of the focus of inflammation in the respiratory organs.
ARVI refers to diseases caused by viruses, in contrast to the more general group of acute respiratory diseases ARI, which includes viral and bacterial infections.
The most common causative agents of ARVI, with the exception of influenza viruses, which are considered a special disease, include infections:
- parainfluenza - die at room temperature in 4 hours, destroyed in 30 minutes when heated to 50 0 С;
- respiratory syncytial (RS) - a virus - acutely infectious, but unstable, and at a temperature of 55 0 С dies after 3 minutes;
- adenovirus - persists for 2 weeks at a temperature of + 18 ... + 20 0 С, dies when irradiated with ultraviolet radiation (UV), treatment with chlorine;
- rhinovirus - is inactivated when dried after 5 minutes, after 10 minutes it dies when kept at 50 0 С;
- coronavirus is unstable, dies at 56 0 C in 15 minutes.
Symptoms
Respiratory infections are more often affected and more severely than adults, children are sick.
In adults, acute respiratory viral infections caused by adenovirus, parainfluenza, CP-virus, coronavirus, occurring not only as monoinfection, but also with signs of mixed diseases, posed a particular danger in the 2015-2016 epidemiological season.
Adenovirus
Respiratory organs, eyes, and lymph nodes are targets for 32 known types of adenoviruses. Infection with adenovirus, like most acute respiratory viral infections, occurs by airborne droplets, manifests itself in adults with symptoms:
- , - early and characteristic signs;
- lacrimation, conjunctivitis - develop in 33% of patients;
- , - can proceed in isolation, like;
- enlarged lymph nodes - more often the lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, groin increase;
- chills, fever - the temperature lasts 4-14 days;
- headache;
- lack of appetite;
- muscle pain.
An increase in temperature with adenoviral ARVI does not cause intoxication of the body, as with the flu, and is more easily tolerated by the body. Sometimes the intestines are affected with the development of diarrhea, inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes.
The virus can in isolation, without infecting the respiratory system, infect the eyes, causing inflammation of the cornea, keratoconjunctivitis.
Complications of adenovirus infection are caused by the addition of bacterial microflora to the process and the development of:
- – , .
A sign of the addition of pneumonia is a sharp deterioration in the patient's condition, an increase in temperature up to 39 0 С, appearance.
RS virus
The virus mainly affects the lower respiratory tract, complicating (in 25% of cases) pneumonia. caused by the RS virus can be fatal (0.5% of cases).
Adults become infected with the RS virus less often than children, since immunity after infection persists for life.
Typical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection caused by the RS virus are:
- paroxysmal - the leading symptom, the duration of such a painful cough can be up to 3 weeks;
- shortness of breath with difficulty breathing out;
- tightness in the chest;
- bluish lip color.
Signs of intoxication are less pronounced than with the flu. In adults, ARVI is manifested by such symptoms as headache, weakness, temperature about 38 0 С, which is easy for an adult to treat at home on his own.
With ARVI, you can use drugs to strengthen the immune system and treat cold symptoms at home, as described in the article "".
Parainfluenza
Parainfluenza viruses are the cause of the disease in 20% of cases of ARVI in adults. Symptoms of parainfluenza appear with damage to the nasal cavity and larynx.
From the introduction of the virus to recovery in adults, in the absence of complications in the form of pneumonia, it takes 10-14 days, the characteristic symptoms are:
- runny nose;
- nasal congestion;
- sore throat;
- dry cough.
Rhinovirus
Symptoms of rhinovirus infection are manifested by a runny nose, cough, soreness, weakness, muscle pain, and heaviness in the head. The disease lasts up to 2 weeks, the temperature usually does not rise above subfebrile values \u200b\u200b(37.5 0 С).
In adults, ARVI caused by rhinovirus occurs more often without complications, and the most unpleasant symptoms are dry cough, hearing loss, heaviness in the maxillary sinuses, and lack of smell.
Complicated rhinovirus infection with sinusitis,.
Treatment
The treatment regimen for ARVI in adults depends on the type of infection that caused the disease. For all types of viral infections, it is important to start treatment in the first hours of the illness.
From the first hours of the onset of ARVI symptoms, no later than 48 hours later, they begin to take one of the drugs 2 times a day:
- rimantadine or amantadine - 0.1 g each;
- oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - 0.075-0.15 g;
- zanamivir (Relenza).
You need to take antiviral drugs for 5 days. For adults after 65 years of age, the daily dosage for treatment with amantadine should not exceed 0.1 g.
Taking interferon preparations enhances the phagocytic activity of immunity, stimulates the production of specific antibodies to viruses. Against acute respiratory viral infections in adults, interferons are used Grippferon, Alfaron, Viferon, Ingaron.
Interferon inducers - Cycloferon, Neovir, Kagocel, Tiloron - are distinguished by their antiviral properties, immunomodulatory effect.
Features of the treatment of adenovirus, MS infection
In severe forms of ARVI caused by adenovirus, adults are treated in infectious diseases wards due to the high infectiousness of the disease.
In a hospital, patients are administered drugs:
- normal immunoglobulin with specific antibodies to adenovirus intramuscularly;
- intravenously treated with detoxification solutions - hemodez, glucose with ascorbic acid are injected.
When symptoms of conjunctivitis appear, immunoglobulins drip into the corner of the eye. And when the condition worsens, wash with 2% boric acid, instillation of albucide, 0.2% deoxyribonuclease enzyme solution are added. They also use tebrofen 0.25% ointment, placing it behind the eyelid.
A detailed list of medicines for the treatment of influenza and ARVI can be found on the page "", where it is indicated what can be inexpensively treated respiratory infection in adults.
Symptomatic treatment
To improve well-being, patients are prescribed drugs:
- antipyretic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- pain relievers.
When the temperature rises above 38 0 С Paracetamol is prescribed, which not only lowers the temperature, but has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, reducing headaches.
With ARVI with a strong dry cough adults are advised to take the combined antitussive agent Bronholitin, which reduces the intensity of attacks. What else can you treat dry cough in adults with ARVI, is described in the article "".
To relieve sore throat in adults with SARS you can dissolve tablets Faringosept, Hexoral Tabs, drink warm milk with honey, gargle, do oil inhalations, which is described in detail in the section "".
Against nasal congestion and runny nose for acute respiratory viral infections in adults use vasoconstrictor drops in the nose Vibrocil, Nazivin, Otrivin, Sanorin.
Prevention
Preventive measures in the cold season for adults are personal hygiene, flu vaccination, a full diet and strengthening immunity. The body of an adult is quite capable of resisting the invasion of any respiratory virus, provided the immune system is effective.
Continuing the topic, read about one of the most popular preventive measures during the cold season - vaccinations - in our article.
Good day, dear readers!
Today we will consider with you such a disease as ARVI, as well as its symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention. In addition, we will analyze how ARVI differs from ARI and colds. So…
What is ARVI?
ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) - a disease of the respiratory tract, the cause of which is the ingestion of a viral infection. Among the pathogens, the most common are influenza viruses, parainfluenza, adenoviruses and rhinoviruses.
The affected area of \u200b\u200bARVI includes - the nose, paranasal sinuses, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. The conjunctiva (mucous membrane of the eye) is also under the "sight".
ARVI disease is one of the most common infectious diseases. Most of all, children attending kindergarten and school are ill with it - up to 10 times a year. This is due to the not yet formed immunity, close contact with each other, lack of knowledge and / or unwillingness to comply with preventive measures to avoid infection. Other groups at risk are students, teachers, office workers, health workers and others. However, adults usually have less acute illness. respiratory diseases viral etiology, which is associated with the formed immune system, as well as its resistance to these diseases due to other past diseases. However, even if an adult is not susceptible to the development of this infection in the body, and he does not have obvious signs of the disease, he can simply be a carrier of the infection, infecting everyone around him.
Acute respiratory viral infection is seasonal. So, most cases of morbidity were noted in the period from September-October to March-April, which is associated with, as well as cool and humid weather.
How is ARVI spread?
ARVI is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets (when sneezing, coughing, close conversation), however, infection is possible through direct contact with the pathogen (kissing, shaking hands and further contact of the hands with the oral cavity) or contact with objects of the carrier of the infection (dishes, clothes). When a person gets an infection, he immediately becomes a carrier. At the first signs of ARVI (general malaise, weakness, runny nose), the patient begins to infect everyone around him. As a rule, the first blow is taken by relatives, workers, people in transport. This is the reason for the recommendation - at the first signs of SARS, the patient should stay at home, and healthy people, if the media report an outbreak this diseaseavoid being in crowded places (public transport, outdoor gatherings, etc.).
Incubation period and development of ARVI
During a person's contact with an infection, the virus initially settles on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasopharynx, mouth), its potential victim. Further, the infection begins to secrete toxins that are absorbed into the circulatory system and are carried by the blood throughout the body. When the patient's body temperature rises, this indicates that the infection has already entered the circulatory system and the body's protective functions have been activated, because elevated temperature actually destroys the virus and its derived toxins.
The incubation period for acute respiratory viral infection is about 2 days, i.e. from getting the virus to the mucous membrane and until the first symptoms of the disease appear. At this time, a person may feel a slight malaise, irritability. Further, as infection progresses, the symptoms intensify.
After the illness, the immune system does not develop resistance to ARVI, which is due to the large number of different viruses and their strains. Moreover, viruses are susceptible to mutation. This leads to the fact that an adult can get ARVI up to 4 times a year.
What is the difference between ARVI, ARI and colds?
Many people have many inaccuracies and ambiguities on this issue, therefore, we will briefly go over the topic and find out how these terms differ.
ARVI - a disease of viral etiology, i.e. the cause of the disease is a viral infection.
Warming up the nose. Well helps to relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, improve blood circulation, discharge from the nasal sinuses of pathological secretions formed by infection.
Rinsing the nose. As you remember, dear readers, that the nasal cavity is practically the first location that is attacked by infection. That's why nasal cavity it is necessary to rinse, which minimizes not only the further development of the disease, if it is just beginning to manifest itself, but is also an excellent preventive method, if there are no signs at all. In addition, it is from the nasal cavity that the infection actively spreads into the body, therefore, with ARVI, it must be washed daily.
Mild saline solutions, as well as special pharmaceutical sprays, are well suited as a "wash" for the nose.
Gargling. The throat, like the nasal cavity, must be gargled for the same reason. this is the first barrier between infection and the body, therefore this "checkpoint" must be constantly rinsed. Gargling can also help relieve coughs from dry to wet. This procedure will limit the possibility of exacerbation of the disease due to irritated mucous membranes from coughing.
For rinsing oral cavity and the throat are great soda-salt solution, as well as decoctions of chamomile, calendula, sage.
Inhalation. This procedure is practically aimed at the same thing as gargling - to relieve coughing. Of folk remedies, for inhalation, you can use steam from potatoes "in uniform", as well as decoctions of calendula, mint and other medicinal herbs. From modern means to facilitate inhalation, you can purchase a nebulizer.
Diet for ARVI. With ARVI, it is advisable to eat easily digestible food enriched with microelements. Particular emphasis should be placed on vitamin C. It is advisable to exclude fatty, spicy and fried foods, smoked meats.
Symptomatic treatment. It is aimed at suppressing certain symptoms to alleviate the course of the disease.
Medicines for ARVI
Antiviral drugs. Antiviral therapy is aimed at stopping the vital activity of a viral infection and spreading its toxins throughout the body. In addition, antiviral drugs speed up the healing process.
Among the antiviral drugs for ARVI can be distinguished: "", "", "Remantadin", "Cycloferon".
Temperature with ARVI. The temperature with ARVI is not knocked down, because it is a defense mechanism against viral infection inside the body. Immunity raises the temperature, thereby "burning out" the infection, so it is very important not to interfere with it. An exception is cases when the body temperature lasts more than 5 days or exceeds 38 ° C in children, 39 ° C in adults.
To lower body temperature, antipyretic drugs and analgesics are used: "", "".
With a stuffy nose, to facilitate breathing, vasoconstrictor agents are used: "Naftizin", "Noxprey".
With a strong dry cough apply: "Codelac", "Sinekod". To remove phlegm from the respiratory tract - plantain syrup, "Tussin". To dilute sputum - "Ascoril", "ACC" (ACC).
With a headache appoint: "Askofen", "Aspirin".
For insomnia prescribe sedatives: "Barbamil", "Luminal".
Antibiotics for ARVI. It is not advisable to prescribe antibiotics for ARVI, because with proper maintenance therapy, the body itself copes well with viral infection... Moreover, as a rule, the course of antibiotic treatment is much longer than the duration of the course of the disease.
Antibiotics are prescribed only if the symptoms of ARVI do not subside after 5 days of illness, as well as if a secondary infection has joined the ARVI or complications have appeared, for example, pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis. Also, antibiotics can be prescribed if, after relief, the symptoms intensify again, which sometimes indicates that the body is infected with a bacterial infection. Antibiotics are prescribed only by a doctor based on a personal examination of the patient.
Video about ARVI