The child sometimes vomits. The child is vomiting. What to do

Every mother has at least once experienced nausea and vomiting in a child. Experienced parents often do not attach much importance to this, attributing the "nuisance" to the usual overeating. However, things are not so simple: a child's vomiting can be very dangerous!

If the baby, especially the first year of life, is sick and vomiting, you should definitely consult a doctor. There can be many reasons for this behavior in a child's body. But you can't sit back and wait for the doctor. Vomiting in a child requires immediate first aid, which any adult without medical education can provide.

Vomiting in children occurs much more often than in adults, due to the insufficient development of the structure of the stomach and brain. The mechanism of its occurrence is substantiated by the physiological reaction of the children's organism to the stimulus. It can be both external (for example, an involuntary reaction to a smell or a repulsive visual image), and internal, caused by impulses from the stomach or other internal organs (liver, kidneys), the vestibular apparatus into the cerebral cortex, where the vomiting center is located.

Sometimes vomiting occurs during prolonged, avid crying, for example, during vaccinations. It is especially dangerous if a vomiting attack overtakes a child in a dream.

In most cases, there is nausea before the baby vomits. Kids who cannot explain in words what worries them. This unpleasant and often painful sensation is manifested by anxiety and refusal to eat. Nausea in babies by an attentive mother can be noticed by protruding the tip of the uvula, discoloration of the skin to a paler color, cold hands and feet.

Often, vomiting in children can be prevented by noticing other signs that precede it:

nausea;
weakness;
increased salivation;
rapid intermittent breathing;
complaints of perspiration, burning, feeling of "lump" in the throat.

In a home first-aid kit, there should always be not only brilliant green and hydrogen peroxide, so that in case of injuries and abrasions, bacteria do not enter the child's blood, but also tablets of activated carbon, Smecta or Phosphalugel, drugs that can alleviate the baby's condition when vomiting.

Causes and nature of vomiting

Sometimes the reasons why a child vomits are not difficult to establish.

If the baby vomits after eating or drinking, the cause is most likely overeating or poor quality, spoiled foods ... Often stomach cramps occur after a child has taken pills or other medications... This is just a protective reaction of the body, vomiting in this case is a single one. After self-cleansing, the stomach calms down, and the child is not disturbed by anything. However, it is necessary to observe the baby so that a repeated attack of vomiting does not catch him in his sleep.

A common cause of vomiting is spoiled food, medicines, chemicals etc. If the baby is poisoned, there is a general intoxication of the body, toxins accumulate in the blood. The child feels weak, the temperature rises, diarrhea appears, the stool may be foamy, green or other unusual color. Sometimes there is a rash, inflammation of the mucous membranes. Vomiting in this case is repeated and profuse. The patient needs the help of a specialist, hospitalization.

Often babies, due to the habit of pulling everything into their mouths, can swallow an object ... In most cases, the item is passed naturally through the intestines. If you know for sure that swallowing has occurred, you must carefully examine the baby's stool and make sure that the object came out with feces. Sometimes the object exits through the esophagus. Usually sudden vomiting without any previous symptoms is rejection by the body foreign body.

The color of vomit is often uneven and depends on the color of the food filling the stomach. Vomit usually consists of undigested food residues, gastric juice and mucus. Maybe with foam and impurities: bile, blood, pus. Impurities should alert parents, as a rule, they are a signal of a serious illness:

blood and pus may indicate gastric bleeding;
pieces of undigested food - about stenosis of the pylorus of the stomach;
bile - about gall stasis or diseases of the gallbladder.

Acetonemic vomiting - This is a symptom of a disease associated with metabolic disorders, in which acetone accumulates in the body with blood, provoking periodic bouts of indomitable vomiting by a fountain. Acetonemic vomiting is a consequence of disruption of the brain centers responsible for carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

Acetonemic disease is provoked by brain damage (in the prenatal period or as a birth injury, sometimes as a complication after vaccination) or diabetes mellitus. Usually all symptoms disappear after 14-15 years, in adolescence.

Diseases of the nervous system they are also able to manifest themselves with frequent urge to vomit: intracranial pressure, meningitis, brain tumors - vomiting in this case is repeated, periodic, occurring even at night when the child is sleeping.

ENT diseases

Any infections, including ENT diseases, can cause vomiting. So, often the cause is snot accumulating in the nasopharynx. For a baby who cannot blow his nose on his own, snot should be sucked off with a pear or tube, and then drops should be applied.

Do not be afraid to wake up the child again at night to rinse the nose with salt water if the baby begins to choke in a dream. This is especially true for infants: swallowing snot while eating can provoke vomiting.

Sometimes snot is not caused by ARVI or ARI, but by allergies, so you should first establish a diagnosis, and not start taking pills and antibiotics on your own. With allergies, snot often accompanies a rash all over the body or its local manifestations.

Vomiting with angina can have several reasons. It is important to know them, it depends on what needs to be done to stop vomiting during illness.

Vomiting during diseases such as measles and rubella, can be caused by an increase in body temperature and as a reaction to antibiotics. At the same time, symptoms of ARVI are observed (snot, cough, general weakness), therefore, it is not easy to make an accurate diagnosis before a rash appears. The development of diarrhea or intestinal infection against the background of these diseases is also possible: the immune system becomes vulnerable even before the appearance of the rash, and bacteria easily penetrate the body.

Interestingly, vomiting can become and side effect after vaccination from these infections. Special treatment is not required, usually sudden vomiting is also a single one.

Meningococcal infection - the most dangerous disease, where the count goes not for days, but for hours: with the blood, the infection penetrates the brain. Temperature, vomiting, rash in the form of subcutaneous hemorrhages are signals of immediate hospitalization of the child. A compulsory vaccination given on time can save a child from death.

If it's time for the next vaccination, and the child has weakness, nausea and vomiting, it is worth postponing the vaccination.

Breastfeeding and vomiting

The release of absorbed food back through the mouth in infants does not always indicate that not everything is in order with the baby. Firstly, it can be normal, which provokes the air swallowed by the baby along with milk. By three months (less often - after six months), this unpleasant phenomenon disappears by itself.

You can help your baby by holding him upright after eating so that he belches up air. However, frequent regurgitation with a fountain, including in a dream, impurities with mucus, excessively frequent and loose stools (sometimes with foam), covering the skin with a rash and anxiety of the child at the same time are the reason for contacting a pediatrician and a neurologist.

Secondly, a common cause of vomiting in infants is a reaction to vaccinations, antibiotics or antipyretics. The baby can vomit repeatedly within an hour after taking the drug. Fever, rashes, snot, lymph node inflammation, and vomiting are often reactions to vaccinations. Usually before vaccination about side effects warns the pediatrician. In a similar way, the baby's body can react to teething.

In a newborn, in the first hours of life, vomiting may occur due to ingestion of amniotic fluid, and, as a rule, it goes away after a day. Doctors, under whose supervision both mother and baby are, can correctly assess and control the situation, if necessary, take a blood test and provide assistance, so there is no reason to worry. The withdrawal of amniotic fluid from the stomach is mainly accompanied by a single vomiting without impurities.

Accompanying the eruption of vomit in newborns with attacks of suffocation can signal a narrowing or clogging of the nasal passages, which requires surgical intervention. This pathology requires constant monitoring of the baby, both while awake and asleep.

A surgeon's examination is also necessary if foam is discharged from the mouth, the skin around the lips becomes bluish - symptoms of esophageal obstruction. Intestinal obstruction - another pathology that requires surgical intervention, signals itself as follows - bloating, prolonged absence of stool, stagnation of food in the stomach, repeated vomiting by a fountain, in which the volume of vomit exceeds the volume of milk eaten.

Babies older than six months, becoming more active and mobile, react with vomiting and blood flow from the nose to overwork, after a long stay in the heat or the sun. Nausea manifests itself on the introduction of new food into the diet (along with an allergic rash). Vomiting, like unstable, runny, foaming, dirty yellow stools, is a common symptom when teeth begin to erupt.

If vomiting occurs at night, you must not lose your guard! It is necessary to ensure that the child lies on his side, with his head elevated: position on the back can cause choking!

Child after a year

A one-year-old baby may well give a signal if nausea or vomiting begins. Any of the above conditions can be the cause. Vomiting can be caused by injuries (a violent fall on the stomach or back, a blow to the head, a concussion), overwork, eating unwashed fruits, etc.

What to do and how to stop vomiting is worth deciding after finding out the causes of its occurrence. Sometimes it is enough to restore the chain of events preceding the malaise, and then it will become clear whether it is enough to provide first aid at home or whether it is worth calling an ambulance.

The kid is vomiting. How to help?

If it is clear that the child has been poisoned, you cannot do without medical help. While the ambulance is traveling, the child should be given first aid.

First you need to give the correct body position: lay so that the head is raised. It is advisable to wash the stomach. Even with a one-year-old baby, this can be done, the main thing is to pull yourself together and not panic. To rinse, you will need to give the child warm water (as much as possible) and press with your finger or spoon on the root of the tongue. The entire volume of the drunk water should come out. The procedure is repeated several times until the child starts to vomit with clean water.

Washing cannot be done if the child has lost consciousness! Also, you should not leave your child unattended, especially at night.

If vomiting is caused by motion sickness or motion sickness, it is enough for the child to give the necessary dose of Phosphalugel. It will also help if intermittent vomiting in a child is caused infectious diseases... Fosfalugel can be given to children both as a gel and as a solution (half a glass of water per sachet).

Activated charcoal tablets, Fosfalugel, Smecta, Regidron - these drugs are safe for children and help to cope with vomiting and normalize stool.

When treating lingering vomiting, it is advisable to exclude feeding for a period of 6 to 12 hours, especially if the child is poisoned and his stool is fetid, watery with foam. Drinking plenty of fluids is essential, as vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration. In case of symptoms of dehydration, it is necessary to give the child a glucose-saline solution, which can be purchased at a pharmacy or prepared on your own: for 1 liter of water, 1 teaspoon of salt without a top, 0.5 teaspoons. baking soda and 8 teaspoons of sugar.

After the cessation of vomiting, food is introduced carefully, in small portions, spicy and fatty foods, fruits and raw vegetables are excluded. It is best to start with cereals boiled in water without adding oil.

Recommendations of Dr. Komarovsky: how to give a child to drink with acetone vomiting

I like!

The causes of vomiting in a child without fever can be many - from overeating at night and excessive water consumption to the manifestation of illness. Only a doctor can establish why the baby begins to vomit and vomit. The body's defense mechanism helps to cleanse itself of toxins, but if there is frequent vomiting in a child, this is an alarming symptom in which an ambulance should be called.

What is vomiting

Vomiting accompanied by nausea is a subcortical reflex. A single discharge of stomach contents outward through oral cavity and the esophagus is necessary to cleanse the body of harmful substances that are produced by its own organs and tissues, or received from the outside: chemical compounds, poisons, toxins. Before the baby vomits, he has profuse salivation (salivation), he begins to vomit. This feeling can be described as "sucking in the stomach." Vomiting in a child without fever is accompanied by:

cold sweat;
a feeling of faintness;
pallor of the skin;
semi-fainting.

Child vomits without temperature

An alarming symptom is vomiting in a child, which is not accompanied by fever and cough. To help the baby, it is necessary to find out the source of the pathological condition and eliminate it. In most cases, an analysis of the actions preceding the malaise will help to quickly determine the causes of vomiting in children without a fever: quick riding on a carousel, drinking carbonated drinks, eating unripe fruits, strong and pungent odors. Vomiting in a child without fever, combined with diarrhea, rash, or weakness, signals a serious malfunction in the child's body.

The reasons

The factors for the onset of vomiting are divided into those requiring medication or surgical treatment and those that can pass on their own. These include a functional reaction to a product, climate change, excessive consumption of fatty and sweet foods, teething, rejection of complementary foods at an early age, psychogenic causes. In infants, regurgitation is observed, in which there is no spasm of the muscle wall of the stomach, so it does not require treatment and is considered normal. Among the diseases and conditions when it begins to vomit and vomit, there are:

traumatic brain injury, concussion;
taking medications;
pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract);
pylorospasm (congenital pathology) or gastroesophageal reflux;
neurological abnormalities;
pyloric stenosis;
diverticulosis;
ingress of a foreign body into the esophagus;
intestinal obstruction;
acetone syndrome;
acute gastritis (the child has a stomach ache);
surgical pathologies;
inflammatory process in digestion;
acute appendicitis.

No fever and diarrhea

There are 3 categories of causes of vomiting when the temperature does not rise: psychogenic factors, functional (caused by physiology) and associated with the disease. A psychogenic gag reflex often occurs in children over 6 years of age. The release of food occurs on a nervous basis in adolescents, often against the background of growing up. Vomiting in children without fever and diarrhea can occur for the following reasons:

gastroesophageal reflux;
spasm of the gatekeeper;
pyloric stenosis;
intestinal intussusception;
acute gastroduodenitis;
alimentary gastritis;
pancreatic disease;
gallbladder disease;
damage to the central nervous system.

Vomiting and diarrhea in a child without fever

Loose stools, vomiting without hyperthermia indicate the body's attempts to remove toxins. This condition develops with an intestinal infection, food poisoning, allergic reactions to food (new complementary foods) or a drug. Intestinal dysbiosis - the absence of bacteria necessary for the normal functioning of the intestine can also provoke an upset stomach. Vomiting and diarrhea in babies under one year old can be signs of appendicitis.

Vomiting in infants without fever

In infancy, the release of food is typical for children of the first month of life and passes after six months. In premature babies, the organs of the gastrointestinal tract may not be fully formed, which is also the reason, but in healthy and developed children, regurgitation is observed several times a day. Parents should be alerted to the situation if profuse regurgitation occurs with each feeding and masses of green or yellow. Other causes of regurgitation in children include:

taking liquid food;
short esophagus;
sensitivity of the gag reflex receptors in the stomach, esophagus and throat;
poor development of the annular muscles.

Child vomits water

After the child vomits, it is necessary to give him small portions to drink, since a large amount of fluid provokes the release of stomach contents with water. In this case, emetic attacks are repeated. If the baby vomits with particles of eaten or undigested food, and the vomit is watery, then this is a consequence of taking medications that are not suitable for the child's body. The components of medicines negatively affect the gastric mucosa, irritating it. Rotavirus infection provokes vomiting with a fountain of water and diarrhea.

Vomits mucus

The presence of mucus in the vomit indicates an intestinal infection, diseases of the nervous system, or may appear after various surgical procedures. In case of repeated discharge of stomach contents with the presence of mucus in the masses and the absence of other symptoms of intoxication, you should consult a doctor and take tests. In infants, this condition is caused by overeating. Mucus gets from the nasopharynx and bronchi, breathing is disturbed, the baby is restless.

Tears in a dream

When the discharge of stomach contents occurs once at night, the culprit may be a poor microclimate, a large amount of food eaten, fright, air in the stomach, or an uncomfortable position of the baby during sleep. These conditions do not require treatment. The situation is different if vomiting at night is accompanied by suffocation. In order to avoid dangerous pathologies, it is necessary to follow the basic rules of hygiene, feeding, and everyday life.

Diagnostics

If the child is sick without fever, then you should see a doctor. At the next attack of vomiting, conduct a visual inspection of the contents of the ejected masses: the amount, color, smell, the presence of impurities of bile, pus, mucus and blood. To determine the cause of vomiting, laboratory research and instrumental examination of the digestive tract (X-ray, ultrasound, examination with a probe - gastrofibroscopy) will help. To establish the cause of the appearance of a dangerous symptom, you can use medical measures:

detailed biochemical blood test;
immunological research;
common clinical analysis urine and blood;
allergen test;
bacteriological analysis of feces and vomit.

What to do

Dr. Komarovsky claims that there is nothing wrong with a single vomiting. If the child continues to vomit, his stomach hurts, then immediately call the pediatrician, because this may be a sign of the disease. Before his arrival, make sure that the baby does not choke on the masses - turn his head to one side, raising it by 30 degrees. After the baby has vomited, it is worth rinsing the mouth with warm water, wiping the lips, corners of the mouth, mouth cavity with a cotton swab, having previously moistened it with water, boric acid solution, potassium permanganate or other disinfectant.

Drink

To prevent dehydration, solder the child with glucose-salt solutions (for example, the drug Regidron), which can be given from a syringe in small portions or a teaspoon. Other rehydration solutions are named Oralit, Trihydron, and Hydrovit. The drugs are sold without a prescription in Russian pharmacies. The form of release is a powder, which should be diluted in boiled water, after having cooled it. In the absence of special drugs, give your baby plenty of liquid.

Physiotherapy treatment

With a bowel movement caused by spasm of the pylorus and diseases of the gallbladder, physiotherapy prescribed by the doctor is indicated. This method includes the application of paraffin and ozokerite, electrophoresis with novocaine on the epigastric region (administration of medicinal components using an electric current), galvanization, Bernard currents.

What to give your child

If the cause of vomiting lies in allergens and toxic components in the body, there are symptoms of intoxication of the body, then the child is given sorbents of natural origin, groups of carbon funds or containing silicon, preparations with lumogel, from aluminosilicate (Smecta). Children should not take medications intended for adults. Funds are prescribed in accordance with the age of the child and the determination of the presence of the disease. Baby preparations, suspensions and sweet syrups, the baby will accept with joy - they are very tasty.

You can give children antiemetics (Motilak, Cerucal), preparations with vitamins, except for calciferol. Excessive intake of vitamin D is the cause of vomiting. Homeopathy helps not only stop vomiting, but also eliminate the problem that caused it. Homeopathic remedies do not have side effects and contain only natural ingredients. The following anti-vomiting agents are distinguished:

Phosphorus;
Common cole;
Arsenicum Album;
Ipecacuanha;
Nux vomica;
Pulsatilla;
Tabacum;
Veratrum album.

Folk remedies

For treatment with folk remedies, only remedies are chosen that will not harm the newborn: a decoction of raisins or rice, chamomile, mint or dill tea. One-year-old children can be helped by pear broth, soaked rye crackers, barley flour. To stop vomiting in a child aged 3 years, other than the ones listed above, others will do. folk remediesmade from oak bark, gooseberry. A weak solution of potassium permanganate is considered an old remedy for vomiting.

Diet

To improve the well-being and health of the baby after a painful condition will help to drink plenty of fluids, proper nutrition, a gentle diet that excludes foods that are difficult to digest. A weakened digestive tract will not be able to handle it and the condition will worsen. The child needs to give up the use of such products: raw vegetables, grapes, fish, meat dishes, sweets, fats, sausages, carbonated drinks. You can improve the work of the stomach if you add the following food to the baby's daily diet:

yoghurts without additives;
bananas;
boiled carrots, broccoli;
baked apples;
kefir;
a decoction made from dried fruits.

Possible complications

In addition to general stress for the body, there are 3 main complications: dehydration, weight loss, obstruction respiratory tract... With diarrhea, profuse vomiting, there is a rapid decrease in body weight due to a lack of appetite, which is dangerous for small, premature babies. Obstruction of the airways occurs due to the ingress of vomit into them. To avoid this, you need to keep the baby's head upright. Against the background of a violation of the water-salt balance, loss of mineral salts, fluid dehydration occurs, the symptoms of which are:

lethargy;
dry diaper for 4 hours;
tight, dry skin;
there are no tears when crying;
rapid weight loss.

Video

One of the most frightening symptoms in a child that always worries young and even experienced parents is vomiting. A lot of questions immediately arise - what to do, how and how to help the child, do you need a doctor or can you cope on your own? In order to provide assistance correctly, it is necessary at least in general terms to know the main causes of vomiting, to be able to distinguish them and correctly provide first aid.

Causes of vomiting in children.
Vomiting can occur in children of any age from infants to adolescents, but how younger child, the more natural its occurrence is natural. In babies in the first year of life, vomiting must be distinguished from regurgitation, a physiological phenomenon in the digestive system that occurs due to the anatomical and physiological immaturity of the digestive system.

So - let's talk about the main causes of regurgitation and vomiting in health and disease.

Regurgitation.
Norms for infants and artificial ones are not frequent regurgitation, about 2-3 times a day, up to 2 tablespoons of contents, lasting about 6-9 months.

Abundant regurgitation or even vomiting can occur when overfeeding even in healthy babies, this usually happens with artificial people, who dilute the mixture not by the estimated volume by actual weight, but by the numbers indicated on the banks of the mixture (often greatly overstated). Then regurgitation or vomiting occurs without the participation of the abdominal muscles, there are no disturbances in well-being, and the process is not preceded by nausea and vomiting. This process is not dangerous and requires only recalculations of the amount of nutrition with a pediatrician - with their correction, regurgitation is reduced or disappears altogether.

In infants, the reason for regurgitation or even vomiting (sometimes even with a fountain) is improper latching of the breast with swallowing large amounts of air, or rare feedings with excessively greedy sucking. The result is bloating with colic and, as a result, overstimulation of the digestive system with regurgitation. This condition is also not dangerous for the child, but it requires consultation with a hepatitis B specialist and correct attachment.

Frequent and persistent regurgitation can be symptoms of neurological pathology, therefore, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician to clarify the amount of feeding, and then a neurologist.

Vomiting.
Vomiting is a conditioned reflex act with the release of contents from the stomach and esophagus into the oral cavity. Vomiting is accompanied by nausea, pallor of the child, restless behavior, increased heart rate, decreased pressure and cold hands and feet, sweating. When vomiting occurs, a characteristic sound occurs due to contraction of the abdominal muscles with the participation of the muscles of the neck and pharynx. For the most part, vomiting brings discomfort to the child (as opposed to regurgitation).

Causes of vomiting in newborns.

In children early age parents should be alerted by vomiting with a fountain that exceeds the volume eaten in the first 2-4 weeks of life. Vomiting appears immediately after feeding, profuse, with an admixture of bile, the child does not gain weight, is restless. The child is urinating alo, he rarely has a stool, This is a symptom of a dangerous surgical pathology - pyloric stenosis, a defect in the outlet of the stomach, a very narrow opening between the stomach and the small intestine, which practically does not allow food to pass into the intestine.
Measures to help such a child are hospitalization in a hospital for reconstructive surgery with plastic surgery of the gatekeeper. After discharge from the hospital, the child leads a normal life.

Another cause of vomiting can be a pyloric spasm (pylorospasm), this disease occurs due to immaturity of neuromuscular connections and untimely muscle relaxation after feeding. Girls suffer more often, it is characterized by recurrent vomiting from the first days of life, of small volume and not constantly. In the vomit, food with impurities of bile is usually present. Children do not lose weight, although weight gain may be slow. Relief measures include more frequent smaller feedings, and supervision by a neurologist and pediatrician.

Another cause of vomiting in young children with no bowel movements or bleeding from the anus is intussusception or intestinal obstruction. With such vomiting, the stomach is dumb, no peristalsis is heard, the child is pale, screams and does not allow the stomach to be touched. He must be immediately taken by ambulance to a surgical hospital and operated on.
Attention! Persistent vomiting in newborns and children in the first months of life is not harmless. It is always either surgical or neurological pathology. They require immediate medical attention.

Vomiting in older children.
In children from about 6 months of age, vomiting is divided into organic or pathological, which means hazardous to health, and functional, associated with the influence of external factors and not dangerous for the child.

Vomiting as a symptom of danger.
- the most common reason vomiting are. These are viral or microbial infections of the digestive system, affecting the stomach and various parts of the intestine, manifested for the most part, in addition to vomiting, also with a set of other specific symptoms. Usually this is a fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, appetite disorders and varying degrees of dehydration. Vomiting occurs due to irritation of the mucous membranes and is a defense mechanism, an attempt by the body to get rid of viruses or microbes, as well as part of the food. To give the digestion a rest.
Relief measures for intestinal infections are a call to a doctor and strict adherence to all recommendations, if necessary, hospitalization, medication and the fight against dehydration. General recommendations for vomiting will be given below.

One of the reasons for vomiting in babies up to 3-5 years old is heataccompanying ARVI, flu, sore throat, otitis media or pneumonia. Vomiting occurs as a result of the ingress of toxins into the bloodstream and exposure to the cerebral vomiting center, which are formed in the tissues as a result of the vital activity of viruses or microbes. Usually, vomiting occurs at the height of the fever and quickly resolves after the temperature drops, even without treatment.

Vomiting can be one of the symptoms of damage to the central nervous system, if it is a birth injury - then it mainly manifests itself in the first few months of life. Vomiting occurs as a result of irritation of the area of \u200b\u200bthe vomiting center - compression by a tumor or hemorrhage, the effect of increased intracranial pressure, the development of an abscess. Another cause of "cerebral" vomiting is exposure to toxins (for example, bilirubin in jaundice) or irritation of the meninges as a result of inflammation in tuberculosis, meningococcal meningitis, encephalitis, and concussions.
Neurological vomiting is persistent and does not bring relief to the child, weakening his strength, usually occurs at the height of increased intracranial pressure, accompanied by headaches and sharp "brain" cries of the child, decreased pulse, impaired consciousness and even delirium.
Measures to help the child will be an immediate call for an ambulance and hospitalization.

Vomiting without fever and signs of infection, but in connection with food intake, can be a symptom of digestive diseases - gastritis, ulcers, liver, pancreas and gall bladder disorders. Such vomiting occurs with errors in nutrition, spicy, fatty or sweet food, impurities in the vomit of mucus, bile or blood streaks are especially dangerous.
Measures of assistance are consultation with a doctor and strict adherence to all dietary and therapeutic measures prescribed by a specialist.

Sudden vomiting with pain in the stomach or right side may be a sign of acute appendicitis. Usually vomiting does not bring relief, it occurs repeatedly, the temperature may rise. Measures of assistance are the urgent referral of the baby to a surgical hospital and an operation.

Babies who do not know how to effectively cough up may vomit during coughing fits - for example, whooping cough, cystic fibrosis, bronchitis. In addition, vomiting can occur as a result of thick, viscous mucus draining into the oropharynx and irritation of the root of the tongue, where the reflexogenic zone of vomiting is located.

Vomiting can occur as a result of exposure to toxins on the body - "toxic vomiting syndrome." This occurs as a result of exposure to toxic substances directly on the vomiting center of the brain, or due to irritation of internal organs and the receipt of impulses in the brain. This happens with metabolic disorders in renal failure (ammonia intoxication), hepatic pathology and diabetes, in violation of the adrenal glands. Toxic vomiting occurs when poisoning with alcohol, drugs, plant poisons, etc.
One of the most common options for the development of toxic vomiting is acetone syndrome. The child's body is still imperfect and with some food errors (high fat and low carbohydrates), acetone may accumulate in the body, which gives vomiting and abdominal pain, dehydration.
Relief measures for toxic vomiting are soldering and the prompt elimination of metabolic products, in case of severe poisoning - hospitalization and detoxification.

Parental actions when vomiting.
1. Call a doctor at home, in case of a serious condition - call an ambulance.
2. Pull yourself together and calm the child.
3. Put or sit the child in a comfortable position so that when vomiting occurs, the masses do not enter the respiratory tract.
4. After vomiting, wipe the child's face with a damp towel, give a little drink or rinse out the mouth, and change clothes.
5. To prevent dehydration with frequent vomiting, drink a tablespoon of liquid every 5-10 minutes. You can give special solutions Oralit, Regidron, Glucosolan, or mineral water without gas, alternating with weak sweet tea.
6. If vomiting does not recur and the child asks for food, give him some porridge or applesauce.
7. If you suspect taking a poisonous substance - before the ambulance arrives, flush your stomach - give 2-3 glasses of warm water to drink, then press on the root of the tongue, causing vomiting. Remember, vomiting cannot be induced if you suspect poisoning with acids or alkalis, phenols, gasoline.

Benign vomiting.
These types of vomiting occur in emotional children and are associated with over-excitability of the nervous system. With the help of the resulting vomiting, children attract the attention of their parents when they consider themselves to be deprived. Vomiting can occur as a manifestation of "bear disease" when visiting kindergarten, school, before a performance or exam.

For actions that the child does not want to perform - force-feeding, forcing something, punishment for offense. Usually such children are capricious and selective in food. They do not have abdominal pain, intoxication and temperature, problems with stool.
- often vomiting can occur as a result of hysteria, due to the strong overexcitation of the child. Especially if he was punished or he cried for a long time.
- in especially sensitive children, vomiting may occur with unpleasant pictures, exposure to unpleasant tastes or odors, feelings of disgust.
- Another option for functional vomiting is motion sickness in transport, irritation of the vestibular apparatus during a trip by car or train, bus, flight in an airplane. Assistance measures for this type of vomiting are not to feed the baby tightly and irritating foods before the trip, find a convenient place where it shakes less, use special drugs for motion sickness from 2 years old.

In any case, parents should remember that vomiting itself is a protective reaction of the body to pathological external and internal influences. Its appearance is a signal of malfunctions in the body and you need to approach it carefully, but without undue panic.

Of course, it's good when you have a phone at hand and you can quickly call a doctor. But let's imagine that we have force majeure. And the child is vomiting, what to do? This is our conversation today.

If observed, then there is a separate instruction for this case. And when an older child suffers, you can try to alleviate his suffering as much as possible. But do not forget that the appearance of vomiting in a child, of course, signals a categorical need to apply for medical help to a specialist to determine its cause.

In the meantime, while waiting for the arrival of an ambulance, lay the child on its side, and if possible, give him an upright position to prevent the entry of vomit into the respiratory tract.

In view of the fact that vomiting significantly dehydrates the body, the child should be given a drink of plain clean water. Do not force your child to drink forcefully. Be sure to inform your doctor about your unwillingness to consume fluids so that you can make a correct diagnosis.

The next thing you must do before the ambulance arrives is to find out from the child all the details that cause anxiety in a calm atmosphere, and also in the smallest detail restore the events preceding the deterioration of health. And most importantly, do not panic and do not play the "guessing game" by yourself answering your questions.

If vomiting appeared immediately after consuming a product, and there is no opportunity to call a doctor (no signal from a mobile operator or the phone itself, being far out of town, etc.), then it is enough to give the baby more liquid, repeated vomiting in this case is normal ... Usually everything is limited to two or three cases, each of which is weaker than the previous one. Children of primary school age can dissolve Regidron, one packet of which is enough for a whole liter of water. Give the medicine in small portions.

For younger children, it is safer to use only natural products, for which dried peppermint or lemon balm is perfect. Pour the herb in the amount of 1 tablespoon with a glass of boiling water and let it brew. If you are relaxing in the countryside, then you may well find fresh leaves of these plants. On a glass of boiling water, it is enough to put only 2-3, depending on their size. Give the medicine to the child in the amount of one teaspoon every 2.5 to 3 hours.

After the gagging stops bothering the child, you can already give him a remedy to restore intestinal motility, for example, motilium. In the absence of this, potassium permanganate is perfect, without which you cannot even go to the country. Just remember to dilute it correctly. If you have potassium permanganate in the form of crystals, then it is enough to put 3-5 crystals in a glass of warm boiled water, you can catch them with an ordinary cotton swab. If potassium permanganate is in the form of a solution, then one drop is enough for half a liter of water. Even if your baby quickly bounced back and recovered easily, then still do not neglect the examination of your pediatrician (at the first opportunity).

Remember: in no case should the baby be given any medicines, even infusions and decoctions, if vomiting is caused by the use of mushrooms in any form, canned food or medicines. It is urgent to deliver the baby to a medical facility!

In most cases, vomiting in children is a natural reaction to unfamiliar food that the body refuses to accept, or to too much of a difficult-to-digest product, although it can be a signal of a complex or serious illness.

The latter case can be identified by the vomiting itself:

First, she is indomitable, and all attempts to get the child drunk are unsuccessful. Frequent loose stools may appear, accompanied by an increase in body temperature.

Secondly, vomiting may be accompanied by impairment, confusion of consciousness.

Thirdly, vomiting caused by head trauma is very dangerous. In this case, it is urgent to deliver your beloved child to a neurologist or neurosurgeon. Self-treatment only makes the situation worse. And one more dangerous sign, in addition to vomiting, the child has a bright pain syndrome, the chair may be absent for more than 12 hours or contain blood streaks of brown or red color.

Seek medical attention immediately if any of these symptoms appear. In this case, in no case give the little patient antiemetic drugs or antibacterial drugs, do not apply treatment with antiseptics such as potassium permanganate or alcohol. Gastric lavage in a child who is in a state close to unconsciousness is incredibly dangerous and can only aggravate the situation.

It is especially dangerous to rely on the categorical statements of grandmothers that they "always coped with the help of washing with potassium permanganate, and then an increased diet with broths without any doctors."

In the event that bouts of vomiting are caused by the inability of the child's body to take one or another food, these measures will only cause more stress and finally weaken the child. Food can be anything (except fruit and chocolate), but only at the request of the sick person.

And if vomiting is a signal of a more serious health threat, such actions are threatening, up to the child's disability.

In general, if the child is vomiting, the question of what to do should not be a difficult task for you: call the doctor as soon as possible, and before his arrival try to help the child yourself.

Even the most balanced adults start to panic if a child starts to vomit. This condition can be complemented by diarrhea and high fever, as well as general weakness. Not all parents and grandparents understand what to do if a child vomits. First of all, you need to set aside panic, because worries cannot help the cause, and then determine possible reason vomiting and provide the baby with first aid. Do not forget that in some cases you may need urgent medical attention.

Causes of vomiting

The child can start to vomit for various reasons. A similar reaction of the body in a child occurs when:

poisoning of various etiologies - low-grade food products, drugs, toxic plants or chemical compounds;
infectious diseases - rotavirus, salmonellosis, botulism and others;
elevated temperature may be one-time vomiting;
strong emotional experiences, for example, when changing the children's team;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
diabetes mellitus;
overeating;
inflammation of the appendix.

Most often, persistent nausea and vomiting occurs in children with poisoning with stale or low-quality foods and rotavirus. If the baby has reached the age of three and his condition is satisfactory, then you can help at home and watch the baby for several hours. When vomiting is very frequent and the patient's condition worsens every minute, you should immediately call a doctor. Only an experienced physician can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

The child may be very nauseous and vomit with inflammation of the appendix. In this case, there is acute pain in the right lower abdomen and elevated temperature... With such symptoms, you can not hesitate, the patient needs to be urgently hospitalized. The cause of vomiting can be eliminated exclusively by surgery; no medications will help here.

How can you help a child with poisoning

If vomiting is caused by food poisoning, then before the doctor arrives, the baby can be helped by the following actions:

Flush the stomach if a child over 7 years old is sick. To do this, give a lot of water to drink, and then press on the root of the tongue. Washing is done even if the child is vomiting. The procedure is repeated until the exiting liquid is absolutely clear. It is strictly forbidden to wash the stomach at home for a young child. This will lead to rapid dehydration and worsening of the condition.
It is convenient to put the child to bed and provide him with absolute peace. The curtains on the windows are closed so that the sunlight does not irritate the eyes.
Give any adsorbent to accelerate the removal of toxic substances from the body.
Solder the baby in small portions, but quite often. You can give water without gas, compotes, rosehip or raisin decoction. The drug rehydron replenishes the lost trace elements well, but many children begin to vomit again as soon as they take the first sip. If a child cannot swallow a rehydron solution, do not force him, a strong decoction of rice with raisins will be an excellent substitute.
After each attack of vomiting, the baby is allowed to rinse the mouth and throat so that the gastric juice does not eat away at the mucous membrane.

If the temperature rises, you can give the child a paracetamol-based antipyretic agent. To normalize the temperature, medications are used in tablets, since syrups and effervescent tablets contain flavors and dyes, which is not very good for an irritated stomach.

If vomiting is not caused by poisoning

When a child vomits badly, not due to poisoning, but for other reasons, help is provided depending on the situation.

If gagging is triggered by overeating, then it is necessary to provide the baby with complete rest and continue to give him portions, taking into account age. Until the condition normalizes, fatty and heavy foods are removed from the diet.
When the disorder is provoked by a change in the team, then you need to talk with the educator or teacher so that the child will be given more attention at first. Usually this is enough for the kid to attend kindergarten or school with pleasure.
Vomiting due to chronic diseases occur during an exacerbation. This usually occurs in the fall and spring when the body is weakened. This can be avoided if you undergo preventive treatment, which is agreed with your doctor.
If vomiting is due to infectious diseases, then you need to show the child to an infectious disease doctor as soon as possible, who will prescribe a number of tests and, based on the results, will prescribe an effective treatment.
If vomiting and fever are accompanied severe pain in the abdomen on the right, appendicitis may be suspected. They urgently call an ambulance or deliver the baby on their own to the nearest medical facility. Delay can threaten with peritonitis.

What not to do when vomiting

In order not to aggravate the situation with vomiting in a child:

do not force the baby to eat;
do not give any medications other than adsorbents and antipyretics;
do not give your child soda or milk;
do not leave the baby alone, even for a few minutes, he should be under the supervision of adults all the time;
do not self-medicate or give antibiotics without a doctor's prescription.

In addition, a strong rise in temperature in young children should not be allowed, as there may be seizures. If the antipyretic agent does not work well, wipe the legs and arms with a cotton cloth dipped in cool water.

If the child's condition does not improve after a couple of hours or the sick child has not reached the age of three, you must immediately call a doctor.

Some parents, at the first vomiting urge in a child, begin to call relatives in a panic and find out what could have caused this condition. It is not worth doing this, since there is no benefit from such information. All people are different and the causes of vomiting can be completely different. The correct diagnosis can only be made by a doctor after examination.